阅读理解微技能之主旨大意（原题版）-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新高考专用）

A专题11阅读理解微技能之主旨大意)

考克帮雷

【思维导图】

文章大意题

阅

读

理段落大意题

解

文章标题题

【主旨大意题微技能】

一、文章大意题

每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在

文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。”主题句定位法''是解答主旨大意题的一种

行之有效的方法。有些文章有明确的主题句，对于这类文章，寻找主题句多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不用逐

句细看，只要选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索与主题相关的信息。主题句的位置一

般有以下几种：

(1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。

(2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。

(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。

(4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主题句,

而后又做进一步的解释。

【典例剖析】

Forsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic.”

Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicalnotes(音调).Amusicpeople

oftencannottellthedifferencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwonotesiftheyare

veryfarapartonthemusicalscale.

Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethesoundofmusictopiecesofmetal

hittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.Theirinabilitytoenjoymusicsetthemapartfromothers.Itcanbe

difficultforotherpeopletoidentifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograspwhatitfeelsliketo

beamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmallcanbeuncomfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymany

amusicsintentionallystayawayfromplaceswherethereismusic.However,thiscanresultinwithdrawalandsocial

isolation.t4Iusedtohateparties,saysMargaret,aseventy-year-oldwomanwhoonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatshewas

amusic.BystudyingpeoplelikeMargaret,scientistsarefinallylearninghowtoidentifythisunusualcondition.

Scientistssaythatthebrainsofamusicsaredifferentfromthebrainsofpeoplewhocanappreciatemusic.The

differenceiscomplex,anditdoesn'tinvolvedefectivehearing.Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.

Theyalsohavenoproblemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistscompareamusicstopeoplewhojustcan'tsee

certaincolors.

Manyamusicsarehappywhentheirconditionisfinallydiagnosed（诊断）.Foryears,Margaretfeltembarrassed

aboutherproblemwithmusic.Nowsheknowsthatsheisnotalone.Thereisanameforhercondition.Thatmakesit

easierforhertoexplain.t4Whenpeopleinvitemetoaconcert,Ijustsay,“Nothanks,I'm'amusic,'"saysMargaret.

justwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwasseventeenandnotseventy.^^

Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

A.Amusics'strangebehaviours.B.Somepeople'sinabilitytoenjoymusic.

C.Musicaltalentandbrainstructure.D.Identificationandtreatmentofamusics.

二、标题归纳题

标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿

整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。

【典例剖析】

Muchinformationcanbeclearlyconveyed,purelythroughoureyes,sotheexpression“eyesalsotalk“isoften

heard.

Canyourecallanyexperiencethatfurtherprovesthisstatement?Onabusyoumayquicklyglanceatastranger,

butnotmakeeyecontact.Ifhesensesthatheisbeingstaredat,hemayfeeluncomfortable.

Itisthesameindailylife.Ifyouarelookedatformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddownto

seeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeelangryaboutother'sstareatyouthatway.

Eyesdospeak,right?

Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitcomesto

staringattheoppositesex.Ifamanlooksatawomanformorethan10secondsandrefusestoaverthisgaze,his

intentionsareobvious.Thatis,hewishestoattractherattention,tomakeherunderstandthatheisadmiringher.

However,thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthe

listenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking,to

tellhimthatheisattentive.

Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeaking,asifhetriestodominateyou,youwillfeeldisconcerted.A

poorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim,sincehebelievesthefalseideathattolookstraight

intheeyeisasignofhonestcommunication.

Infact,continuouseyecontactisconfinedtoloversonly,whowillenjoylookingateachothertenderlyforalong

time,toshowaffectionthatwordscannotexpress.

Evidently,eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandspecificsituation.

Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.EyesCanSpeak.

B.EyeContactMatters.

C.Don'tStareatOthers.

D.UseYourEyeContact.

三、段落大意题

每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量

利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。一般说来，采用归纳法写的段落主题句出现在段尾；采用演绎法写的段落主

题句出现在段首；若文章按照“特殊—一般一特殊”的方式来写，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，文章中

没有出现主题句，要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。主题句的把握：开门见山：提出主题——细节论述一

阐明主题；段末点睛：细节描述——归纳要点——概括主题；段中点旨：细节描述——归纳主题——解释说明。

【典例剖析】

Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffers

aninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?

Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—is

simplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanatural

drivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.The

samecognitive（认矢口的）systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeen

adoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsare

bigchildren.^^

Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren'splay.

B.Studyingbabies'playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.

C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.

D.One'sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.

四、写作意图题

一般来说，写作意图题也是主旨大意题的一种（也有人把它归为推理判断题），写作目的可以是段落的写作

目的，也可以是文章的写作目的，对于文章写作目的而言，主要有以下几种：

广告推销某种产品或某种服务，或是通过影片、图书、电视节目、旅游景点等的介绍以吸引更多的观

众、读者或游客等

说明文向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程

议论文论述一个道理或表达一个观点

记叙文向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达情感等

【典例剖析】

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasbom,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwriting

novelsforacentury-mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719一butnobodywantedtodoit

professionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwas

under50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Bya

lady^.Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.

HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthe

testoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to

1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwriting

attractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.Ifspartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientific

progress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhat

mixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhis

birthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture-tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.

Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Torememberagreatwriter.

B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.

C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.

D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.

y总殿债缀

1.标题归纳类

【例】（2021•全国乙卷・C篇）You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans-between4.8and12.7milliontonnes

enteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVon

Wongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewersto

re-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,“apairof1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,

frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemade

itsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（来源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheir

smallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVbnWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrink

thatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VbnWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload's

worthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,“VbnWongandagroupofvolunteers

collectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（倾倒）

fromatruckallatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists*OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B•MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

2.文章大意类

【例】（2020•全国卷HlC篇）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation（孤独）,

morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthe

groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing

machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,“saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespokemorewith

NickbecauseIthinkit*sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.^

AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,I

thinkIwould.^^

It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrising

forsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisen

from325,000in2001to419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;many

moreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslive

withtheirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainis

thoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.In

India,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhentheyget

married.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.

B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.

D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

3.段落大意类

【例】（2020•全国卷HIB篇）Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）technologyto

createdigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceand

laterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（图像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

略题费a

2022年6月新高考I卷D篇

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafter

theNeolithicage,withtheuseof'f'and'""increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsare

stillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

|2021年6月新高考2卷C篇

ABritishwomanwhowonaSimillionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld*sBestTeacherwillusethecashto

bringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.

AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution

（变革）.“Wearegoingtomakeachange,“shesaid.'Tvestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinour

schools.^^

Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheran

up-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.

ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears.4tFveseen

thosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheirfaces

lightupJshesaid."Weneedartists.morethaneverinourschools.”

ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:"Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwith

childrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseethe

artsasunnecessary,headded.

HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjust

anadd-on.44Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwill

remainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysense

offreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies.n

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BringArtiststoSchoolsB.WhenHistoriansMeetArtists

C.ArtsEducationinBritainD.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacher

|2021年6月全国甲卷D篇

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let*sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogo

beyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentor

creativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisis

notasurprise.Itfssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothe

geniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcoloror

belief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythat

membersoftheirgender（性另ij）are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:

Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."Canourplanetafford

tohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here*sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesof

geniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,

andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith

“intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlike

B.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligence

D.GeniusandLuck

|2021年6月全国乙卷C篇

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheocean-between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystems

everyyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknow

thatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshipto

single-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled"Strawpocalypse,Hapairof1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,

frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemade

itsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（来源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey*verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheir

smallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrink

thatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload's

worthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteers

collectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（倾倒）

fromatruckallatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

4,Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

[2021年6月浙江卷B篇

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhomewhere

neighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen一any

screen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursaday

lookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplansto

counterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,

wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithout

gettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself

“marketingdirectorforNature'*.Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedto

youngpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupof

organisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

“Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,MDavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreallyinteresting

evidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbea

habitforlife.'*Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"Wejustsendthemoutintothegarden

andtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."

Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letus

getthemoutandletthemplay.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LetChildrenHaveFun

B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTime

C.MarketNaturetoChildren

D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren

|2021年3月天津卷C篇

AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis（催眠）canreduce

painandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperform

medical-imaging（医学影像）procedures.

"Duringtheexaminationchildrendon'tmove.Itworksperfectly.It*samazing,"saidJohanneL'Ecuyer,a

medical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.

TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsaredone

underhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia（麻醉）.

AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist—wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthe

medical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheprojectbetween

JanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.

Hypnosisisnotastateofsleep:Itisratheramodified（改变的）stateofconsciousness.Thetechnologistwill

guidethepatienttothismodifiedstate—animaginaryworldthatwilldisassociateitselfmoreandmorefromthe

procedurethatfollows.

"Thetechnologistmustbuildupastorywiththepatient,"Ms.UEcuyersaid."Thepatientisleftwiththepowerto

choosewhathewantstotalkabout.Doyouplaysports?Doyoulikegoingtothebeach?Weestablishasubjectthatwe

willdiscussthroughouttheprocedure/*

Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelatedtothisstory——aninjection（注射）becomesthe

biteofaninsect;theheatontheskinbecomesthesensationofthesunandamachinethatringsbecomesapolicecar

passingnearby.

"Theimportantthingisthatthetechnologistassociateswhatishappeningoutsidethepatient'sbodywithwhatthe

patientseesinhishead,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid."Itrequirescreativityonthepartofthetechnologist,imagination,alotof

patienceandkindness.'1

TheprocedureappealedtothestaffalotwhenitwasintroducedinJanuary."Itspreadlikewildfirethatsomeone

fromFrancewasheretotrainthetechnologists,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid.Sheaddedthatshehadalineofstaffatherdoor

wantingtotakethetraining

6.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.

B.Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.

C.Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.

D.Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.

|2021年3月天津卷D篇

Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotof

thingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.

Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchof

studyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.

Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsof

responsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.

Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalso

weakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealize

theywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexciting

places,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.

Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallits

connections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（视角）into

specificfieldsofexpertise（专长）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangive

somuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.

Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterests

maynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whois

alsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.Fascinatedbythestructural

beautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon't

knowwhereitwilllead,butFmexcitedI'monthispursuit."

Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectedness

ofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeand

experience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.

5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist

B.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecide

C.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialist

D.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist

[2021年1月浙江卷c篇

Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.

Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha“vocabulary”of66gestures.The

scientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000

incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.

DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtobe

recordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwherethey

deliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.

"That'swhafssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,nshesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguage

inthatre