高中英语语法：被动语态-讲解与练习

中学语法：被动语态Ⅰ.含义及构成被动语态表示句中的主语接受谓语动作，也就是说，主语是谓语动作的承受者。谓语动词用作被动语态的句子叫做被动句。构成：be+过去分词（be有时可用become或get代替）Be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而改变。被动语态的各种时态形式有：一般时态：be+过去分词现在过去将来过去将来is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedoneEnglishisspokeninmanycountries.RomeoandJulietwaswrittenbyShakespeare.Manybelievethatonedaytheearthwillbedestroyedifpeopledonotlearntoliveinpeace.进行时态：be+being+过去分词现在过去将来过去将来is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonewill/shallbebeingdonewould/shouldbebeingdoneHisplanisbeingcarriedoutsuccessfully.Thenewcurtainswerebeinghungwhenthevisitorsshowedup.Thecarwillbebeingcleanedbymybrother.完成时态：have+been+过去分词现在过去将来过去将来have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendoneI’vebeenrobbed.Theoutcomeoftheelectionwasannouncedbeforeallofthevoteshadbeencounted.Everythingwillhavebeendonebytheendofthismonth.【练一练】(2010湖南)Thiscoastalarea_________anationalwildlifereservelastyear.A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.names(2010全国1)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune_________.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade(2010上海)Thechurchtowerwhich_________willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored(2010北京)InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the“r”soundsattheendofthewords_________.A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped(2010陕西)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_________atpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt(2010福建)EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney–makingjobsthey_________beforetheyleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised(2010天津)TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting_________atthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitingD.isbeingexhibiting(2010四川)You’vefailedtodowhatyou_________toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.A.willexpectB.willbeexpectedC.expectedD.wereexpectedⅡ.用法要用到被动语态的状况强调动作的承受者：Frankwashitbyacar.Anewideahasbeensuggested.说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出：Thisbridgewasbuiltin1700.Thehouseisbeingrepaired.说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观，避开就一些自己不太确定的事表态：此类通常为表示\"据说\"或\"信任\"的词组，基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成，如：Itissaidthat…据说；Itisreportedthat…据报道；Itisbelievedthat…大家信任；Itishopedthat…大家希望；Itiswellknownthat…众所周知

ItissaidthatJapan’sindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable.在文章标题、广告、新闻中Waitresswanted.Millionsofpounds’worthofdamagehasbeencausedbyastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"：Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom（bytheteacher）.Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.

-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词，

Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.煤可以产生工农业须要的电。短语动词的被动语态：短语动词是一个整体，不行丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：

MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.

Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.主动形式表被动意义系动词look.Sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,seem…+adj./n.构成系表结构:Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.表示起先、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut等：Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read,write,act,iron,cut,drive,sell,wash,clean等。这类动词一般不单独运用，常有一个修饰语：Thiscoatdries/washes/ironseasily.Thebooksellswell.Thisnovelreadswell..blame,let（出租）,remain,keep,rent,build等:Iwastoblamefortheaccident.

Muchworkremains.在need,require,want,worth（形容词）,deserve+V-ing表示被动：

Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.

Thisbookisworthreading.介词in,on,under…+n.构成介词短语表被动：Undercontrol受限制;undertreatment在治疗中;underrepair在修理中；underdiscussion在探讨中；inprint在印刷中；onsale出售；onshow展出Therumorisbeyondbelief.(=can’tbebelieved)Todaysometreasuresareonshow(=arebeingshown)inthemuseum.【练一练】翻译下列句子：这道菜尝起来很香。这门锁不上。这刀子很好用。你的头发该理了。这个问题正在探讨之中。不用被动语态的状况：1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear,diedisappear,end（vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等没有无被动语态。

Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.【试比较】rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。

（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.

（对）Thepricehasrisen.

（错）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.

（对）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.

（错）Thepricehasraised.

（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.

（错）Pleaseseat.

（对）Pleasebeseated.2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等：例：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把钥匙只配这把锁。3）系动词无被动语态，如appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn：例：Itsoundsgood.听上去不错。Ⅲ.ExercisesIshouldbeverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butI_________.A.amnotinvitedB.amnotbeinginvitedC.shallnotbeinvitedD.wasnotinvited----Howarethingsgoing?----Thedisabled_________norelativesinGuangzhou_________bythevolunteers,whowillgraduatefromZhongshanUniversityA.with;aretakingcareofB.have;willbetakencareofC.with;arebeingtakencareofD.have;arebeingtakencareofTheattackerswerearrestedanddidn’tknowwherethey_________.A.wouldtakeB.aretakenC.werebeingtakenD.willbetakenPeoplebegintoknowthatmostenvironmentalproblemsexistbecausenecessarymeasuresforpreventingthem_________inthepast.A.arenottakenB.werenottakenC.hadn’tbeentakenD.wouldn’tbetaken----Mycar_________twicethismonth.----I’msorrytohearthat.A.hasbeenbrokeninB.wasbrokeninC.hasbeenbrokenintoD.wasbrokenintoOurgameofbasketball_________.Wehadbeenplayingforabouthalfanhourwhenitstartedtorainheavily.A.hasinterruptedB.hadinterruptedC.wasinterruptedD.hadbeeninterruptedTheprincessandtheFrogisafairymusicalthat_________thedayswhenWaltDisneywasaperson,notabrand.A.wasdatedbacktoB.datesbacktoC.hasbeendatingfromD.haddatedfrom(2010全国2)Linda,makesurethetables_________beforetheguestsarrive.A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting(2009北京)Thewaytheguests_________inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheservice..A.treatedB.weretreatedC.wouldtreatD.wouldbetreated(2009上海)Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_________nottotouchanyunattendedbag.A.hadalwaysbeenwarnedB.werealwaysbeingwarnedC.arealwayswarningD.alwayswarned(2009福建)----Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?----Becauselargequantitiesofwater_________.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted(2009江苏)----Hi,Tory,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?----Sorry._________.A.It’srepairedB.IthasbeenrepairedC.It’sbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired(2008全国1)Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront_________toarrive.A.isexpectedB.isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpected(2008安徽)IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_________manytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeen