2024年人教版中考英语复习专题七情态动词

初中语法专题七情态动词一、初中常见的情态动词：can(could)“能够；可以；可能”may(might)“也许；可以”must“必须；一定”haveto“必须，不得不”shall“将，可以，必须”should/oughtto“应该”will(would)“愿意，将会”need“需要，必要”dare“敢”hadbetter“最好”二、情态动词的特点：1、无人称和数的变化2、后接动词原形构成谓语，不能单独使用3、否定式直接在其后加“not”，一般疑问句直接将其提到句首e.g.Imustdomyhomeworknow.Musthedohishomeworknow？Hecan’tgotoschool.三、情态动词的用法：（一）can&could的用法和区别1、表示能力，“能，会”。could为can的过去式，用于一般现在时和一般过去时。can/could可与beableto互换e.g.Hecanswim,butIcan’t.IcouldswimwhenIwaseight.2、表示请求、允许，相当于may，意为“可以”e.g.Canyouhelpme?3、表示猜测、怀疑，意为“可能”，通常用于否定或疑问句中。e.g.Hecan’tbehere.HewenttoBeijinglastnight.Couldyouhelpme,please?（二）shall&should&oughtto的用法和区别1、shall表征求意见，主要用于第一人称的疑问句中，表示提建议或请求。e.g.Shallwegonow?2、should&oughtto“应该”。强调说话者主观看法时，用should；强调道义或法律规定的义务职责，则用oughtto.e.g.WeshouldspeakEnglish.Weoughttotakecareoftheold.3、should/oughtto+have+过去分词，表示“本应该做某事，但实际上未做”。shouldnot/oughtnotto+have+过去分词，表示“本不该做某事，而实际上做了”。e.g.Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomework..Yououghtnottohavetakenthebookhere.（三）must&haveto“必须”的用法和区别1、must表示说话者的主观愿望；haveto侧重于客观上的必要，“不得不”。e.g.Imusttakecareofthedog.TomorrowisMonday,soIhavetofinishmyhomeworktonight.2、must表推测，“一定，准是”。e.g.Hemustbeateacher.（四）will&would的用法和区别1、表示决心、愿望，“愿意，将会”，would是will的过去式e.g.Iwilldomybesttofinishit.Hewouldhelpme.2、在疑问句中，均表示对对方提出请求或询问。Would比will更委婉。e.g.Willyouhelpmecarrythebox?Wouldyoulikesomeapples?（五）may&might的用法和区别1、表推测，“可能”(=maybe)，might是may的过去式，might比may的可能性更小，语气更加委婉。e.g.HemaygotoBeijingtomorrow.Hesaidhemightgiveusmoney.2、表示允许或征求意见，多用于肯定句和疑问句中。e.g.Youmaytakethebookhome.MayIuseyourbook?3、表示祝愿。Eg.Mayyoubehappy.（六）need“需要，必要”1、作情态动词时，无人称、时态和数的变化，且后直接跟动词原形，变否定句时直接在其后加not，变疑问句时直接将其提到主语前e.g.Heneedfinishhishomework.Youneedn’tfinishyourhomework.NeedIfinishmyhomework?2、作为实意动词时，后接todo，有人称、时态和数的变化，变否定和疑问句时须借助助动词don’t/doesn’t/didn’te.g.Sheneedsanecklace.Youneedtofinishyourhomework.Hedoesn’tneedtofinishhishomework..DoIneedtofinishmyhomework?注意：need作实意动词讲时，主动结构表被动，即“needdoing=needtobedone”Eg.Thisbrokendeskneedsrepairing.=Thisbrokendeskneedstobedone.dare的用法：dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有两种词性1、dare作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：Darehetellthemwhatheknows?Idaren’taskherifshewilldoitforme.2、dare作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如：Hedoesn’tdaretobreakhispromise.注意：口语中dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。如：DoyoudaretellherwhatIsaid?（八）hadbetter的用法：hadbetterdosth.最好做某事。1、You’dbetterdosth.=Youhadbetterdosth.你最好做某事。You’dliketodosth.=Youwouldliketodosth.你想要做某事。2、变否定句为Youhadbetternotdosth.变一般疑问句为Hadyoubetterdosth?变反义疑问句为Youhadbetterdosth,hadn’tyou?情态动词使用“七注意”表示“不能”的can't与mustn't的区别。can't表示“不能”时，意指没有能力；mustn't表示“不能”时，意指禁止或不允许。试比较：Theoldmanissotiredthathe__________goanyfarther.Thebabyisasleep.You__________makeanynoise.回答must引导的一般疑问句时，如果是否定回答，一般不用mustn't，而要用needn't或don'thaveto。如：—Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?—No,you________./No,you__________.must表示肯定猜测“一定”用于反义疑问句时，疑问句部分应根据其后的动词来决定eg.Hemustbeshy,isn'the?ShemusthavegonetoBeijing,hasn'tshe?回答表示请求的may引导的一般疑问句时，不可用maynot，而要用mustn't，也可用can't。如：—MayIuseyourruler?—No,you__________./No,you__________.maybe&maybe的区别及用法：maybeadv.也许常置于句首；maybe情态动词+be动词常置于句中eg.Maybeheisright.=Hemayberight.在回答could引导的表示请求的一般疑问句时，不能用could回答，而用can。如：—Couldyoutellmehowtogettothehospital?—Ofcourse,I__________.shall的用于第二、三人称时表示“命令、警告、决心、意图等”eg.Youshallreturnittothelibrarynextweek.Hesayshewon'tgo,butIsayheshall.课堂练习1．—MayItakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?—No,youcan’t.You______readithere.It’stherule.A.mustB.would C.may D.might2．CanIwatchTV,Mom?No,you.Youtodoyourhomeworkfirst.A.don’t;haveB.can’t;can’tC.can’t;haveD.do;must3．—MustIebackbeforesupper,mum?—No,you.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.don’t D.needn’t4．_____Iaskyouaquestion,Mr.Wang?Yes,you_______.A.Can,can’tB.Can,mayC.May,canD.May,mustn’t5．—Listen!Helenissinginginthenextroom.—It__________beHelen.SheisinTianjinnow.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.maynot D.shouldn’t6．—Lookatthepictureonthewall.It________beDavid’s.—Yes,hisnameisonthefirstpage.A.can B.can’t C.mustD.mustn’t7．Maywestartthemeetingnow?No,we________

.We__________

tostartuntilthemanageres.A.mustn’t;areallowed

B.don’thaveto;aresupposedC.needn’t;aren’tallowed

D.can’t;aren’tsupposed8．—WewillgototheWushanSquarethisafternoon,whynottakeabus?—We________takeabus,it’sonlyonekilometerormore.A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.maynot9．Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation? Notyet.We_________gotoMountLu.Itisagoodplaceforvacation.A.mayB.shouldC.needD.must10．Withthehelpofthenewtechnology,you__emailyourfriendsbymobilephone.A.canB.mustC.needD.should11．ThistoyMickeyMouse_______beAmy's.she'stheonlykidatthepicnic.A.mustB.canC.needD.can't12．—Look!Abookisonthefloor.Whoseisit?—It______beRick's.Ithashisnameonit.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.mustD.need13．—________Iswimhere?—I’msorry.Children_______swimalonehere.A.Must,can’tB.May,mustC.Can,mustn’tD.Can’tcan14．ThemagazinebeLily’s,forwecanfindhernameonthecover.A.can B.might C.could D.must15．—Thereissomebodyatthedoor.________itbeTom?—No,it_______behim.It’sjustsixo’clock.It’stooearly.A.May;can’t B.Will;won’tC.May;mustn’t D.Must;maynot16．Listen!IsTomsingingintheroom?No,it______beTom.HehasgonetoParis.A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t17．______wecleantheclassroomatonce?No,you_____.You____cleanitafterschool.A.Must,needn’t,mayB.Must,mustn’t,canC.Shall,can’t,mustD.Need,mustn’t,may18．You'dbetterbecauseyouhavetodrivebackhome.OK.A.notdrinkingB.nottodrinkC.notdrinkD.don'tdrink19．MustIcleantheLablenow?No,you____.Youmaydoitlater.A.can'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't20．Look!Theboyinthewhiteshirt___beTom.It____behim.Isawhimenterthelibraryjustnow.A.must;can’tB.must;mustn’tC.may;shouldn’tD.may;mustn’t21．—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Ofcourseyou______.A.must B.can C.should D.need22．Thisbook_____Lucy’s.Look!Hernameisonthebook.A.mustbeB.maybeC.can’tbeD.mustn’tbe23．—MustIfinishtheexerciseatschool?—No,youdon’thaveto.Youdoitathome.A.must B.need C.will D.can24．Thebosshasgiveneveryoneaspecialholiday,sotheygotoworktomorrow.A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t25．—______youpleasetellmesomethingaboutthelifeinCanada?—Sorry,I______.Idon’tknoweither.I’mfromAustralia.A.Could,couldn’tB.Can;couldn’tC.Could,can’tD.Can,mustn’t26．You______tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.needn’ttoeB.don’tneedeC.don’tneedingD.needn’te27．—_____youfind_______waystoworkoutthisproblem,Jim?—Yes,I______.A.Could;another;couldB.Can;another;canC.Could;other;canD.Can;other;could28．Foreveryone’ssafety,we___________a1waysrememberthelawagainstdrivingafterdrinking.A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.would29．Excuseme，Mr.Li,_________Iclosewindows?It’scoldnow.Yes，you__________A.can;can'tB.can;mayC.may;can’tD.may;can30．—Bequite,theheadteacherMr.Qianising.—Don’tworry.It_____behim.MrQianismuchfatter.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.needn’tD.can’t31．—Listen!IsthatPingpingplayingtheguitar?—No.It__________bePingping.HehasgonetoBeijing.A.mustn’t B.may C.can’t D.must32．—Ihearyou’vegotanewiPhone4S.______Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.A.May B.Do C.Shall D.Should33．Shecanhardlywriteherownname,______?A.canshe B.can'tshe C.needshe D.needn'tshe34．—MustIwaitforyouhere?—No,you______.A.don't B.can't C.mustn’t D.needn’t35．You________stopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.A.can B.hadbetter C.need D.must36．—Shallwetakeataxi?—No,we.It’snotfarfromhere. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t37．—Mike’sparentshaveboughta2floorhousewithaswimmingpool.—Oh,it________beveryexpensive.A.must B.can C.need D.should38．—CanIgotothemovie,Mum?—Certainly.Butyou_______bebackbyteno’clock.A.can B.may C.might D.must39．—IsKateingtothepartythisevening?—No,she_________betheparty.She________totheUK.A.mustn't;hasgone

B.mustn't;hasbeenC.can't;hasgone

D.can't;hasbeen40．IthinkMissLinmustbeinthelibrary.Shesaidshewouldgothere.No,she__________bethere.Ihavejustbeenthere.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t41．_____youputawayyourbooks?Yes,mum.I’lldoitatonce.A.MightB.ShouldC.CouldD.Must42．—MustIfeedthegoldfishnow?—No,you______.Butyoumustdoitbeforesupper.A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.don’t D.can’t43．Lookatthatgirl!IsitSusan?No,it_______beher.Shehasgonebacktoherhometown.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t44．______youabletorunfasterthanPeter?Oh,I’mnotsure.A.CanB.AreC.Will45．—IwanttoknowifI________smokehere.—No,you______________.Couldyouseethesign“NoSmoking”there?A.can;needn’tB.must;can’tC.shall;won’tD.can;mustn’t46．He________beathomebecausethelightinhisroomison.A.mustB.can’tC.canD.mustn’t47．Thatman________beMary’sfather,asheismuchtaller.A.canB.mustC.can’tD.mustn’t48．Thislift__________onlyhold12people.It’sfullnow.We________waitforsomemoretime. A.can;haveto B.can;may C.may;may D.must;can49．You______tothepartyifyou’resobusy.A.don’tneede B.notneedingC.needn’te D.neednottoe50．—_____Iuseyourdictionary,Tom?—Ofcourse,you_______A.Can;couldB.Could;canC.Could;couldD.Can;might课后练习1．—Look，yourfatherisplayingthepianooverthere.—He________bemyfather.HehasgonetoBeijing.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.maynot2．IsthisrulerMary’s?No,it_______Mary’s.Hersisonthedesk..A.canbeB.can’tbeC.mustbeD.mustn’tbe3．You______doitifyoureallydon’twantto.A.can’t B.couldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t4．Jim_____tolearnEnglishwell.A.canB.mustC.wasable5．______youswim?No,Ican’t.A.Can B.May C.Must D.Need6．What_______Amygoingtobuyforthetrip?Shewillbuysomefish.What____webuythen?A.is;shallB.are;shallC.will;will D.does;will7．IarguedwithmybestfriendyesterdayandIdon’tknowwhattodonow.Maybeyou_______saysorrytoher. A.must B.should C.need D.may8．—Myclothesareoutofstyle.—Maybeyoushould______somenewclothes.A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.b