介词导学案-高三英语一轮语法复习

一轮英语语法之四：介词【预习案】什么是介词介词（preposition简写prep.）又称作前置词，表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系。介词的特点：量少、词形简单，但不能独挡一面，必须与其余的词结合使用。介词主要考____________与动词搭配look______________; ask___________; judge__________regard…_________; protect…________; divide…_______②与______________搭配befamiliar_________; begood________; beanxious___________=3\*GB3③与之前的名词的搭配alack_____food; haveaccess_______sth. adesire_______sth.=4\*GB3④与之后的名词的搭配________thesametime; _____themeanwhile; ______

a

speed

of

必须接宾语。介词后必须接宾语，但是通常不能接副词、that从句（except,but,in除外）、不定式作宾语。Sheisquickat______________(learn)languages.Hewassurprisedat________shesaid.Suddenlyhecameoutfrom___________________.他突然从门后出来。Iknownothingabouthimexcept_________heisfromParis.Isawhimgo_______________(去了楼上).介词短语的语法功能介词及其宾语合称为介词短语，介词短语在句中可以充当状语、Thehouseisinfairlygoodcondition.__________Heisamanwithakindheart.__________Thecoldkepthiminbedforthreedays.__________Don’twalkonthegrass.

__________*Fromninetotwelveismybusiesttimeofaday.__________*Amansteppedoutfrombehindthewall.

__________介词的分类单一介词：at,in,of,by,about,for,from,except,since,near,with等复合介词：inside,outside,onto,into,throughout,without,asto,asfor,exceptfor等。短语介词：insteadof,bymeansof,onbehalfof,infavorof,inregardto,atthecostof等常见的介词表示时间介词

at,in,on表示时间点和时间段 by不迟于，到……时为止 after在……之后后

before在……之前

for

表示一段时间

during

在……期间

within在……期间，不超过

since自从…

throughout

贯穿……期间 until/till

直到

from…to…

从……到

between在…之间

over

在……期间，过完一段时间表示方位的介词into进入

out

of从……出来

along沿着 against

靠着towards向或朝着

to到或向

from从

up沿……而上off从……离开或下来

at朝着或向着

for到…去

down沿..而下at在某一点或在(某物)旁

in在某一范围内

on在某物的表面上 between在(两者)之间

above在……的上头或高出

below在…下面或低于among在(多者)之中

near在……的附近

inside在……的里面 outside在……的外面

before在……之前

behind在……的后面over在……的上方或上面

under在……的下面或下方；

beside/by在……的旁边 across在……的对面或那一边

by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过

over从某人或某物的上空经过

through从某事物的里面经过 (a)round

围饶着或在……的各处 beyond在……的那一边，远于，超过(某事物的范围)

表示原因的介词有

because

of,

owing

to,

due

to,

for,

with,

at

(

at常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因，相当于“听到或看到”

)等。

表示方式、方法或手段的介词有

by

乘、坐、骑(接交通工具),

靠、通过

with用(具体的工具)，和……一起；in用(某种语言或材料，如墨水,

抽象的文具

等)

through通过(实践或书本)等

。

5)表示“除……外”的介词有

except,

besides,

but,

except

for等。

6)表示“数量”的介词有

about(大约),

around(大约),

over(超过)等

表示“关于”的介词有on,

about等；

表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的介词有of

表示(增加/减少，相差，高出等的)程度的介词有by

以及as(当作，作为)，

like(像…一样)等介副两用的词about,above,across,along,around,before,behind,below,besides,by,down,in,near,off,on,over,past,round,since,through,under,upDoyoubelievehisstoryaboutbeingabsentbecausehehadaheadache?______________Don’tdropcigarettesashabout. ______________Putonyourcoat/putyourcoaton. ______________Putthebookonthedesk. ______________Iwillgetoff(thebus)atthecorner. ______________【当堂训练】填空Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback________mydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s，whenIwasthefirst...Mostofusaremorefocused________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia，forexample，mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.________themorningofoneFriday________November,mybrothertogetherwithmevisitedmyuncleinprison.Muchattentionshouldbepaidto__________(improve)people'slivingconditions.AccordingtoDarwin'sSurvivaloftheFittest,onlythosespeciesthatwereabletoadapt________thesuddengreatchangesoftheirlivingconditionssurvived.Iamfamiliar________mostpopularkindsofsoftware.高考真题：（2023新高考I卷）Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferentlymoredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressedhandratherthanrolled.（2023新高考II卷）AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish?（2023浙江1月卷）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistorycapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoricevents.（2022新高考I卷）Giantpandasalsoserve___________anumbrellaspecies(物种),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.（2022全国甲卷）Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers___________Xi’antoKashgaronseat20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.（2021年全国乙卷）Duetothegrowingpopularityofenvironmentallyrelatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes___________tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.（2021年全国乙卷）Ecotourismhasitsoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept_________thelate1980s.（2020全国II卷）Museumsmustpete__________people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.（2020全国III卷）Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartist___________earth,MotherNature.（2019浙江6月卷)Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer__________thisquestionisnotclear.(2019北京卷)EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated__________1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).(2018全国III卷)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’mascientistwhostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching__________thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.语篇填空Iwasinarestaurant.Inoticedanelderlycouple1.________aballoontiedtotheirtable.WhenIaskedthemwhattheoccasionwas,theytoldmeitwastheir50thweddinganniversary.Iwasgladandsad2.________thematthesametime.Iwasgladbecausetheystillcherishedeachother.Iwassadbecausetheywere3.________theirown,withoutanychildrenorfriends.AfterIwentbacktomytableIthoughtIshouldpaytheirbill.Itriedtodoit,andtherestaurantmanagerandthewaitressesaskedmecuriouslywhotheywere4.________me.Finally，ItoldthemIworkedinachurchandfeltitwasmydutytodoso.Theelderlycoupleweresurprisedandspeechlesswhentoldatotalstrangerhadpaid5.________them.Allofuswerenearly6.________tears：thecouple,themanager,thewaitressesandme.TwomonthslaterIgotacall7.________anewspapertellingmemysimpleactofkindnesswasreported.Iwasn'texpectinganything8.________return，butIbecamefamous9.________thatactofkindness.Whatwouldandcouldhappen10.________usifwealwayspracticesuchactsofkindnessonfamily,friends,neighborsandstrangers?【巩固练习】填空ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway_______carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetterknowncity.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby_______otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhatwasleft.Igotaplacenext______thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Don’tlaugh_______me.Imaylookfunny.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;________thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanything________return.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbut________ThomasEdison.高考真题（2023全国甲卷）Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility____savingtheirenvironment.（2023全国乙卷）FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong__royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuiltsystemofringroads.（2023北京卷）Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention___________globalwaterissues.（2022全国乙卷）May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.（2022北京卷）Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate________theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.（2021新高考I卷）Apanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover___________plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.（2021年全国甲卷）Itwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecity__________theTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修复).(2020浙江卷）Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven___________twofactors.(2019全国I卷)Modernmethods__________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.(2019全国III卷)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack__________dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2018江苏卷)Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shome________dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.(2018天津卷)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonme________curiosity.(2018全国Ⅲ卷)WangShu,a49­year­oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferred________astheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.(2018北京卷)—Goodmorning,MrLee'soffice.

—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment________nextWednesdayafternoon.(2018江苏卷)DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisas