辽宁省名校联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期3月联合考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1辽宁省名校联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期3月联合考试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AChineseDualLanguageImmersionProgram(CDLIP)WhatisDualLanguageImmersion?Duallanguageimmersionprovidesacademicinstructionintwolanguages.ThePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrictcurrentlyoffersaChinese-Englishimmersionprogram.WhyChoosetheCDLIP?Learningasecondlanguageawakenscuriosityandrespectforothernationsandtheircultures.Chineseisnotonlyarichlanguagewithalongliterarytradition,butithasalsoemergedasaninfluentialworldwidelanguage.OurCDLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothatstudentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.FornativeChinesespeakers,ourprogramensuresfulldevelopmentandmasteryofEnglishlanguageartswhilehelpingthembecomemorefluentintheirmothertongue.OurClassroomsTheCDLIPservesprimaryschoolstudents,fromkindergartenthroughsecondgrade.Grades3,4and5willbeaddedinSeptemberof2022,2023and2024,respectively.TheprogramiscurrentlylocatedatLutherBurbankPrimarySchool.Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullofkindergartnerscountingandsortingcoins,firstgraderssinging“TheMoreWeGetTogether”,orsecondgradersdescribingphysicsexperiments—allinChinese!HowDoestheProgramWork?CDLIPclassroomscombinenativeandnon-nativespeakerssothatallstudentsmaysucceedinbothChineseandEnglish.WeapplyaTwoWay90:10Model.Inkindergarten,90%oftheday’sinstructionisinChineseand10%isdevotedtoimprovingEnglishorallanguageandtheabilitytoreadandwrite.Aschildrenprogressthroughgradelevels,thepercentageofEnglishinstructiongraduallyincreases,finallyachievinga50:50splitbyfifthgrade.ToRegisterYourChildLanguagelearningisalong-termprocess,soparentsareaskedtoregistertheirchildrenforthefullsixyears.●Registeronlineatwww.pusd.us/oebetweenJune13and23.●Theprogramisfree,supportedbythePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrict.●Forkindergarten,noknowledgeofChineseisnecessary.(SomeknowledgeofChineseisexpectedforstudentsenteringgrades1-3.)●Applicationswillbeacceptedafterthedeadlineifspacesarestillavailable.●Ifyouwouldlikeassistancetocompleteyourapplication,pleasecontactMs.NettyLiatBurbankPrimarySchool(626)396-5760orvisitPUSDWelcomeCenter.1.AfterattendingtheCDLIP,studentswillbeableto________.A.masterChinesearts B.developcross-culturalawarenessC.handdowntraditionalliterature D.understandworldhistory2.TheCDLIPisintendedfor________.A.primaryschoolstudents B.childrenandtheirparentsC.Chineseteachingassistants D.1-3-year-oldchildren3.WhatcanyoufindinCDLIPclasses?A.Kindergartnersspendingmoretimepracticingreading. B.Studentsfocusingonsciencevocabulary.C.Higher-gradestudentsusingmostlyChinese. D.Studentslearningthroughsongsandactivities.〖答案〗1.B2.A3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍中英双语浸入式课程的相关信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据WhyChoosetheCDLIP?中“OurCDLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothatstudentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.(我们的中文双语浸入式课程提高了跨文化的敏感度，这样学生就可以了解全球化的世界)”可知，参加了中英双语浸入式课程后，学生将能够培养跨文化意识。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheCDLIPservesprimaryschoolstudents,fromkindergartenthroughsecondgrade.(CDLIP为从幼儿园到二年级的学生提供服务)”可知，CDLIP旨在服务于小学生。故选A项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullofkindergartnerscountingandsortingcoins,firstgraderssinging“TheMoreWeGetTogether”,orsecondgradersdescribingphysicsexperiments—allinChinese!(在任何一天，你可能会发现教室里满是幼儿园的孩子们在数硬币和分类硬币，一年级的学生在唱《我们在一起的日子越来越多》，二年级的学生在描述物理实验——所有这些都是中文！)”可知，学生通过歌曲和活动来学习。故选D项。BItwasaweekaftermymomhadpassedawayandIdidn’tknowhowtogoonwithlife.SowhenIreceivedane-mailfromafriendaboutaracebenefitingcancerresearch,Iignoredit.Itseemedtoprick(刺痛)myheart,ascancerwasthediseasethattookmymotherawayfromme.Butsomethingaboutmyfriend’swords—“Icanhelporganizethewholething”—stuckwithme.Ifeltobliged(有义务的)toagree.Intheweekstocome,Imanagedtore-entertheworldoftheliving.Icheckedourteam’swebsitedaily,feelingproudeachtimeadonationcontributedtoourtotal.Iknewmymomwouldhavewanteditthatway.Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.Whentheraceended,Inoticedtherunnersallhadonethingincommon:Therewerebigsmilesontheirfaces.Theymadeitlooksorewardingandeffortless.Iwantedin.SoIenrolledinanotherracetwomonthslater.ConsideringIcouldbarelyrunamile,itwasambitious.ButmyfriendandImadeatrainingplansoIwouldn’tcomeinlast.Ifolloweditreligiouslyanddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.Runningupanddownthecity’shills,Iwasfloodedwithmemories.Ihadlivedtherebeforecollegeandmymotherhadvisitedoften.IpassedBloomingdale’s,recallingthetimesheandIhadgottenintoascreamingargumentthere.IwasabouttobeatmyselfupwhenIrememberedwhatMomhadsaidafterherdiagnosisofcancer.“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”Herpaper-thinhandshadheldmetightly.Aweightwasliftedfrommyshoulders.Whentheracedayarrived,Igaveitmyallformymomandforallshehadtaughtmeandcontinuedtoteachme.AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.4.Whydidtheauthorignorethee-mailinthebeginning?A.Shefeltithardtofinishtherace. B.Shehadnotimetojoinintheevent.C.Shewasremindedofhermother’sdeath. D.Shethoughttheresearchmeaningless.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“religiously”inparagraph4mean?A.Optimistically. B.Carelessly. C.Carefully. D.Quickly.6.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribetheauthor’smom?A.Considerateandpolite. B.Strong-willedandcaring.C.Braveandhumorous. D.Outgoingandpatient.7.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheLossofSweetMemories:RunningWithMomB.RunningWithMom’smemory:AHealingJourneyC.Mom’sJourneyofHealing:RacingWithHonorD.InMemoryofMom:AnHonoredRun〖答案〗4.C5.C6.B7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者母亲去世之后，作者对母亲的回忆及母亲赐予作者的力量，使他能够从悲伤中走出来，积极面对生活。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“Itseemedtoprick(刺痛)myheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.（这件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌症夺去了我母亲的生命。）”可知，这封邮件使作者想起了因癌症过世的母亲。故选C项。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线句“anddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.（并且不让任何事情阻碍我的道路。）”可知，作者做事非常认真，不让任何事情成为阻碍。由此猜测，划线词意为“认真地”，与carefully同义。故选C项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。）”可知，作者的母亲意志力坚强，结合第六段第二句“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.（我不希望你对任何事情感到内疚。）”说明母亲关心爱护作者。所以作者母亲是一个意志坚强，又体贴的人。故选B项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.（在赛跑的时候，每当我想慢下来的时候，就会看到母亲鼓励我的画面。）”及最后一段“Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.（通过终点线时，我内心充满了她的关爱和一种平和感。）”并结合上文作者对母亲的回忆，可知母亲治愈了作者，正是母亲的鼓励，他才能完成比赛。因此B项“带着妈妈的记忆奔跑:一段治愈之旅”可以作为文章的最佳标题。故选B项。COfthemorethan3,000speciesofmosquitoesintheworld,justasmallnumberspecializeinsuckinghumanblood.Howmosquitoestrackusdownsoeffectivelyisn’tcurrentlyknown,butitmatters,sincetheycarrydangerousdiseaseswhichmaycausedeath.“Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantedtounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.Mosquitoesmostlychoosewhattobitebasedonodor(气味).Knowinghowapotentiallydisease-carryingmosquitofindsaperson,whileignoringotherwarm-bloodedanimals,isakeyquestion.Butit’snoteasytoanswer,sinceanyanimalsmellismadeupofhundredsofchemicalsmixedtogetherinspecificpercentage.“Theactualchemicalsthatarefoundinhumanodorarebasicallythesameasthechemicalsfoundinanimalodor—it’sthepercentagesandtherelativelargeamountofthosesubstancesinhumanmixturesthat’sunique,”saidGauff.Toinvestigate,researchersdecidedtorecordneuralactivityinthebrainofmosquitoeswhileexposingthemtonaturalhumanandanimalodorsamples.Theycollectedodorsamplesfromabout40differentanimals.Whentheycomparedsomeofthosewiththe16humansamples,somethingjumpedout.Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.Understandingwhatthemosquitoesaretargetingisonlypartofthestory;knowinghowtheydoitisalsoimportant.Toseeexactlyhowmosquitoesusethissense,scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(转基因的)mosquitoessothattheycouldcutopenmosquitoes’headsandwatchneuronsfiringwhenthey’reexposedtohumanandanimalodors.Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivities.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.Howtokeepmosquitoes’decanalsignalfrombeingtransmittedwillbetheresearchteam’snextfocus.Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.8.What’sthefinalpurposeoftheresearchconductedbyGauff’steam?A.Tostudywhyonlycertainmosquitoessuckhumanblood.B.Toinvestigatetheneuralactivityinmosquitoes’brains.C.Totesttheeffectivenessofmosquitokillers.D.Tohelppreventdeadlydiseasescausedbymosquitoes.9.Towhichsubstance(s)wouldmosquitoesmostlybeattracted?A.Remainsofdecomposedsapienicacid. B.Chemicalsintheenvironment.C.Decanalgeneratedinhumanblood. D.Naturaloilfromhumanskin.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Chemicalsfoundinhumanandanimalodorsarequitedifferent.B.Geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarenotsensitivetohumanodor.C.Furtherresearchwillfocusonodorsignalandneuralconnection.D.Mostmosquitoneuronsarenotinvolvedinrespondingtohumanodor.11.Fromthelastparagraph,whichoptionaccuratelydescribesthefutureusageofGauffandhisteam’sresearch?A.Developingmoreeffectivemosquitokillers.B.Studyingofmosquitoneuralconnectionsinresponsetoodorsignals.C.Analyzingthetypesofneuronsinmosquitoes.D.Discussingthebenefitsforpreventingmosquitoesfromtransmittingthedecanalsignal.〖答案〗8.D9.A10.D11.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了CarolynGauff及其团队努力了解蚊子，尤其是携带危险疾病的蚊子是如何找到并攻击人类的。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段““Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantedtounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.(普林斯顿神经科学研究所的生态学和进化生物学教授CarolynGauff说：“事实上，阻止这些讨厌的昆虫的活动，每年可以挽救多达50万因这些疾病而丧生的人。”这就是为什么Gauff的团队想要了解蚊子如何发现和瞄准人类的原因)”以及最后一段“Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.(Gauff希望他们目前的工作可以用于制造灭蚊剂和引诱剂，以预防疾病)”可知，Gauff团队进行的研究的最终目的是帮助预防蚊子引起的致命疾病。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.(人体皮肤中的癸醛含量特别丰富。在自然界和人类中很常见，癸醛来自另一种更复杂的物质。当我们皮肤的天然油脂的一种成分——皂酸——分解时，就会留下癸醛)”可知，蚊子最容易被分解后的皂酸残留物吸引。故选A项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivities.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.(研究小组已经知道蚊子有大约60种不同类型的感知气味的神经元，所以当他们观察昆虫的大脑时，他们认为他们可能会看到很多活动。但它出奇地安静，这意味着信号可能非常简单，只有几种类型的神经元。“有一种神经元对人类和动物的反应都非常强烈。另一种神经元对两者都有反应，但它对人类的反应比动物强烈得多，”高夫说)”可知，蚊子有大约60种不同类型的神经元来感知气味，但研究发现只有几种类型的神经元才会对人类和动物气味作出反应，可得出大多数蚊子神经元不参与对人类气味的反应。故选D项。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.(高夫希望他们目前的工作可以用来制造蚊子杀灭剂和引诱剂来预防疾病)”可知，高夫和他的团队研究的未来用途是开发更有效的灭蚊剂。故选A项。DMyuniversityhasnowtoppedtheU.S.News&WorldReportrankingsfor11yearsrunning.GivenPrinceton’ssuccess,youmightthinkIwouldbeafanofthelist.Notso.Don’tgetmewrong.IamproudofPrinceton’steaching,researchandcommitmenttoservice.Ilikeseeingourqualityrecognized.Rankings,however,areamisleadingwaytoassessuniversities.Differentschoolshavedistinctstrengths,structuresandmissions.Theideaofpickingoneas“best”,asthougheducationalprogramscompetedlikeathleticteams,isstrange.However,theU.S.Newsrankingsattractgreatattentionandahugecustomerbase.Applicantsandtheirfamiliesrelyontherankingsandfeelpressuretogetintohighlyregardedinstitutions.Asaresult,manyschoolsmakeintenseeffortstomoveupintherankings.Thiscompetitionproducesdamagingconsequences.Forexample,someuniversitiesavoiddoingdifficultbutvaluablethings—suchasadmittingtalentedlower-incomestudentswhocansucceedatuniversityifgivenappropriatesupport.Still,studentsandfamiliesneedcomparativeinformationtochooseuniversities.Ifrankingsmislead,whatisthealternative?Forgenerations,buyershaveturnedtoConsumerReportsforadviceaboutalmosteverythingexceptuniversityeducation.WhenConsumerReportsevaluatesaproduct,itassessesmultiplefactorssothatpotentialbuyerscanmaketheirownchoicewisely.Similarly,universityapplicantsneedinformationaboutsomebasicvariables.Graduationratesarecrucial.Auniversitythatdoesnotgraduateitsstudentsislikeacarwithabadmaintenance(维修)record.Itcostsmoneywithoutgettingyouanywhere.Whatapplicantsneedisnottheaveragegraduationrate,buttherateforstudentswithbackgroundsliketheirown.Forexample,someplacessuccessfullygraduatetheirwealthystudentsbutdolesswellforlower-incomestudents.Applicantsshouldalsoseesomemeasureofpost-graduationoutcomes.Hereisapartiallistofotherfactorsthatmatter:costoftuition(学费)andfees;high-qualityteachersactivelyengagedinundergraduateinstruction;andalearningculturecomposedofdiversestudentswhostudyhardandeducateoneanother.Judgedbythesecriteria,manyschoolscouldbe“ConsumerReportsBestBuys”.Applicantsshouldbeexcitedtogetintoanyofthem;theyshouldpicktheonetheyfindmostappealing;andtheyshouldnotwastetimeworryingaboutwhichis“thebest”.ItwouldbegreattohaveaConsumerReportsforuniversities.Ihopethatsomenationalpublicationwillhavethecouragetoproduceanannual,user-friendlyConsumerReports-styleanalysisofhighereducationinstitutions,evenifitisnotasattractiveasafootball-stylesetofrankings.Inthemeantime,thoseofuswhounderstandtheimperfectionintherankingsmustcallthemout—evenwhen,indeedespeciallywhen,wefinishatthetop.12.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsuniversityrankings?A.Supportive. B.Indifferent. C.Disapproving. D.Neutral.13.WhydoestheauthormentionConsumerReports?A.Torevealthemultiplicityofconsumers.B.Topresenttheinformationofpotentialbuyers.C.Tohighlightthedifficultyofchoosinguniversities.D.Toemphasizetheneedofoverallevaluationofuniversities.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.ItisnotlikelytohaveaConsumerReportsforuniversities.B.Themostsuitableuniversityforapplicantsmaynotrankthetop.C.Theaveragegraduationrateiscrucialtolower-incomeapplicants.D.Thetopuniversitiescanseetheimperfectionintherankingsbetter.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thereisnosuchthingasagoodorbadstudent.B.Educationequalityisanidealhardtoberealized.C.Analternativeapproachisneededtoassessuniversities.D.Discriminationagainstpoorstudentsbringslossoftalents.〖答案〗12.C13.D14.B15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大学排名是是一种误导性的评估方式，所以作者用其他的方法来评估大学。【12题详析】观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Rankings,however,areamisleadingwaytoassessuniversities.”(然而，排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式。)可知，作者认为排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式，由此可以推断出，作者对大学排名的态度是不赞成的，C选项“Disapproving”(反对的；不赞成的)符合，A.Supportive.支持的；B.Indifferent.漠不关心的；D.Neutral.中立的，均不符，故选C。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ifrankingsmislead,whatisthealternative?Forgenerations,buyershaveturnedtoConsumerReportsforadviceaboutalmosteverythingexceptuniversityeducation.WhenConsumerReportsevaluatesaproduct,itassessesmultiplefactorssothatpotentialbuyerscanmaketheirownchoicewisely.Similarly,universityapplicantsneedinformationaboutsomebasicvariables.”(如果排名误导了别人，那还有什么选择呢？几代人以来，除了大学教育，消费者几乎都是从《消费者报告》中获得各方面的建议。当《消费者报告》评估一个产品时，它评估了多个因素，以便潜在的买家能够明智地做出自己的选择。同样，大学申请者需要一些基本变量的信息。)可知，作者提到《消费者报告》是为了强调大学综合评价的必要性，故选D。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“theyshouldpicktheonetheyfindmostappealing;andtheyshouldnotwastetimeworryingaboutwhichis“thebest”.”(他们应该挑选自己认为最有吸引力的学校，而不应该浪费时间担心哪一所学校是“最好的”。)可知，申请者应该申请自己认为最有吸引力的学校而不是那些排名最好的学校，由此可以推断出最适合申请者的学校，不一定是排名最好的学校，故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“ItwouldbegreattohaveaConsumerReportsforuniversities.Ihopethatsomenationalpublicationwillhavethecouragetoproduceanannual,user-friendlyConsumerReports-styleanalysisofhighereducationinstitutions,evenifitisnotasattractiveasafootball-stylesetofrankings.”(如果能有一份大学的《消费者报告》就好了。我希望一些全国性的出版物有勇气对高等教育机构进行一年一度、用户友好型的消费者报告分析，即使它不像足球式的排名那么有吸引力也没关系。)可知，文章主要讲述了大学排名是是一种误导性的评估方式，所以要用其他的方法来评估大学，即大学需要另一种评估方式。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）Inourmodernworld,thereareendlessalternatives.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfwonderingwhetheryoushouldquitorstayinyourjob,acceptanofferorgiveitupforanother?Thereisasimpleandpracticalmethodthatsolvesthisproblem.____16____Whenyouunderstandtheconcept,youhavethepowertomeasureeveryalternativewithprecisionandmaketherightdecision.Inthefieldofeconomics,opportunitycostisthevaluethatyouhavetogiveupwhenyouchooseanoptionoveranothergoodoption.____17____Everytimeyouchoosesomething,yougiveupotheralternativestogetherwiththeirfinancialbenefits.Itisnotalltheotheroptions,butthemostvaluedonethatisdefinedastheopportunitycost.____18____Takethesimpleexampleoftryingtodecidewhethertotakepublictransportationfor80minutesortodrivefor40minutes.Youmightsaveonthecostofgaswhileridingthebusbutdoublethetriplengthandmissoutonotherthingsyoucouldhavedoneduringthattime.____19____Thisishowyoucreateprioritiesinyourdailylife.Thoughusefulindecisionmaking,thebiggestdrawbackofopportunitycostisthatit’softenrelatedtowhat’shardtoquantify.____20____Afterall,puttinganumbertoyourpeacefulmindorhappinesscanbedifficult.Opportunitycostisn’tcutanddried.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.Attheendoftheday,youareinchargeofwhatyouownandwhatyouwanttogain.A.Itisaboutfindingouttheopportunitycost.B.Weighthelossesandgains,andmakeyourdecision.C.Opportunitycostmattersnotonlyineconomicsbutalsoinreallife.D.Thisisespeciallytruewhentheopportunitycostisofnon-financialbenefit.E.Thekeyprincipleunderlyingtheideaisthatthereisnosuchthingasfreelunch.F.Mostpeopleoverlookopportunitycostbecausethebenefitsareusuallyhiddenfromview.G.Itisthedevelopmentofimportantskillsthatwouldhelpyoumoveforwardinyourdailylife.〖答案〗16.A17.E18.C19.B20.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机会成本。【16题详析】根据上文“Thereisasimpleandpracticalmethodthatsolvesthisproblem.(有一个简单实用的方法可以解决这个问题。)”和下文“Whenyouunderstandtheconcept,youhavethepowertomeasureeveryalternativewithprecisionandmaketherightdecision.(当你理解了这个概念，你就有能力精确地衡量每一个选择，并做出正确的决定。)”可知，空处提到了一个概念，就是机会成本。A项中的“theopportunitycost”和下文中的“theconcept”对应。A项：Itisaboutfindingouttheopportunitycost.(这是关于找出机会成本。)符合语境。故选A。【17题详析】根据下文“Everytimeyouchoosesomething,yougiveupotheralternativestogetherwiththeirfinancialbenefits.(每次你选择某样东西，你就放弃了其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。)”可知，下文举例说明机会成本的具体实施原则，选择了某样东西，就要放弃其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。E项：Thekeyprincipleunderlyingtheideaisthatthereisnosuchthingasfreelunch.(这个观点的关键原则是，天下没有免费的午餐。)符合语境。故选E。【18题详析】空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Takethesimpleexampleoftryingtodecidewhethertotakepublictransportationfor80minutesortodrivefor40minutes.(举个简单的例子，试着决定是乘80分钟的公共交通工具还是开车40分钟。)”可知，本段主要讲述机会成本在日常生活中的应用。C项：Opportunitycostmattersnotonlyineconomicsbutalsoinreallife.(机会成本不仅在经济学中很重要，在现实生活中也很重要。)符合语境。故选C。【19题详析】根据上文“Youmightsaveonthecostofgaswhileridingthebusbutdoublethetriplengthandmissoutonotherthingsyoucouldhavedoneduringthattime.(你可能会在乘坐公共汽车时节省汽油费用，但会使行程长度增加一倍，并错过在这段时间内你可以做的其他事情。)”可知，在做决定之前要权衡利弊。B项：Weighthelossesandgains,andmakeyourdecision.(权衡得失，再做决定。)符合语境。故选B。【20题详析】根据上文“Thoughusefulindecisionmaking,thebiggestdrawbackofopportunitycostisthatit’softenrelatedtowhat’shardtoquantify.(虽然机会成本在决策中很有用，但它最大的缺点是它往往与难以量化的东西有关。)”可知，此处提出机会成本的局限性，结合下文“Afterall,puttinganumbertoyourpeacefulmindorhappinesscanbedifficult.(毕竟，用一个数字来形容你内心的平静或快乐是很困难的。)”可知，像情绪等非经济利益机会成本难以形容。D项：Thisisespeciallytruewhentheopportunitycostisofnon-financialbenefit.(当机会成本是非经济利益时尤其如此。)符合语境。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Overtheweekend,a____21____damagedhouses,roads,andbridges,leavingmanypeoplenowheretogo.ThepowerfulflooddamagedHagan’sbridge,leavinghimandhiswife____22____fromthecommunity.Heturnedtosocialmediabutnever____23____hewouldreceiveacallfromhisgrandson’scoachRyanJesop.“TheHaganshavedonesomuchforthisarea,soitwasa(n)____24____decisiontohelp,”Jesopsaid.TheSwitzerlandCountyfootballcoachdrewupaplantellinghisteamtobuildanewbridge____25____theoldbrokenone.Haganreceiveda(n)____26____thatateamwouldbeathishouseMondayat9a.m.towork.“PeopleI’dneverseenbeforewerewalkingdownmydrivewaytohelpus,”Hagansaid,“Itwas____27____andbroughttearstomyeyes.”____28____,thesteelframebasestructure(钢架基础结构)ofthebridgewasn’tdamagedbytheflooding.Dozensofpeoplewenttothebridgeand____29____theoldoneplank(木板)byplank.Thentheteambuiltitbackupby____30____anassemblyline(流水线).“The____31____ofourteamistohelpthemthroughteamwork,”studentLinebackerGabrielRosesaid.Theteam____32____theprojectinonlyafewhours.“Theywerehereatnineo’clock,andIlookedatmy____33____whenitwasdoneanditwas11:45.”Hagansaid.TheHagansnowreconnectedwiththeir____34____thankstotheirgrandson’sfootballteam.AsforCoachJesop,heischalkingitupasthebiggest____35____oftheseason.21.A.snow B.fire C.flood D.landslide22.A.separated B.saved C.freed D.hidden23.A.agreed B.expected C.remembered D.explained24.A.difficult B.rough C.easy D.tough25.A.inhonorof B.inneedof C.incaseof D.inplaceof26.A.invitation B.message C.opinion D.report27.A.touching B.shocking C.frightening D.confusing28.A.Fortunately B.Suddenly C.Surely D.Personally29.A.tookin B.tookup C.tookoff D.tookapart30.A.recording B.protecting C.creating D.changing31.A.reason B.problem C.trip D.goal32.A.designed B.moved C.researched D.completed33.A.bridge B.door C.watch D.house34.A.company B.competitors C.neighbourhood D.students35.A.win B.risk C.hope D.task〖答案〗21.C22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.A28.A29.D30.C31.D32.D33.C34.C35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是洪水摧毁了Hagan家的桥，切断了他们与外界的联系。Hagan求助媒体，却意外接到孙子的教练的来电，在孙子的教练球队重建了桥之后，他们再一次与邻居取得了联系。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周末，一场洪水摧毁了房屋、道路和桥梁，使许多人无处可去。A.snow雪；B.fire火灾；C.flood洪水；D.landslide滑坡。根据下文“Thepowerfulflood”可知，洪水摧毁了房屋。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：强大的洪水摧毁了Hagan的桥梁，使他和他的妻子与社区分离。A.separated使分开；B.saved救；C.freed释放；D.hidden躲藏。根据上文“ThepowerfulflooddamagedHagan’sbridge”可知，桥被毁了，Hagan和妻子与社区分离了。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他求助于社交媒体，但从未预料到他会接到孙子教练RyanJesop的电话。A.agreed同意；B.expected预料；C.remembered记得；D.explained解释。根据下文“hewouldreceiveacallfromhisgrandson’scoachRyanJesop”以及but表示转折，可知，他孙子的教练给他打来电话，这是他没有预料到的。故选B。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hagan一家为这个地区做了很多，所以帮助他们是一个很容易的决定。A.difficult困难的；B.rough（表面）粗糙的；C.easy容易的；D.tough困难的。根据上文“TheHaganshavedonesomuchforthisarea”可知，因为Hagan一家为这个地区做了很多，所以是应该得到别人的帮助的，因此此处表示“帮助他们是一个很容易的决定”。故选C。【25题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：瑞士郡的足球教练制定了一个计划，让他的球队在旧的断桥上建造一座新桥。A.inhonorof为了表示尊敬和钦佩；B.inneedof需要；C.incaseof万一；D.inplaceof代替。根据上文“anewbridge”和下文“theoldbrokenone”可知，用新桥代替旧的。故选D。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hagan收到消息说，周一上午9点会有一个团队到他家工作。A.invitation邀请；B.message消息；C.opinion观点；D.report报道。根据下文“ateamwouldbeathishouseMondayat9a.m.towork”可知，周一上午9点会有一个团队到他家工作，这是他收到的消息。故选B。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它很感人，让我热泪盈眶。A.touching感人的；B.shocking令人震惊的；C.frightening令人害怕的；D.confusing令人困惑的。根据下文“broughttearstomyeyes”可知，Hagan哭了，说明这很感人。故选A。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，桥梁的钢框架基础结构没有被洪水破坏。A.Fortunately幸运的是；B.Suddenly突然；C.Surely无疑，肯定；D.Personally亲自。根据下文“thesteelframebasestructure(钢架基础结构)ofthebridgewasn’tdamaged”可知，桥梁的钢框架基础结构没有被洪水破坏，这是幸运的。故选A。【29题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：几十个人走到桥边，一块一块地把那座旧桥拆开。A.tookin吸收；B.tookup占据；C.tookoff起飞；D.tookapart拆开。根据下文“oneplank(木板)byplank”可知，他们一块一块地把那座旧桥拆开了。故选D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，团队通过建立一条装配线来重建它。A.recording记录；B.protecting保护；C.