Unit2Illhelptocleanupthecityparks.知识点人教版八年级英语下册

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks?I.SentencePatterns(句型)1.Youcouldhelptocleanupthecitypark.(can/could表建议）2.Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.3.Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.4.Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafterschoolstudyprogramtoteachkids.5.Let'smakesomenotices,too.6.WeneedtoeupwithaplanfortheCityParkCleanUpDay.7.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.8.Alotofoldpeoplearelonely.9.Weshouldlistentothemandcareforthem.10.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners'faces.(such+a/an+adj.+n.sl.)11.Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafterschoolreadingprogram.12.Butyoucanseeintheireyesthatthey'regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook13.Forexample,wecanmakeplanstovisitsickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.14.Itakeaftermymother.15.Ifixeditup.16.Igaveitaway.17.Jimmyhasrunoutofmoney.18.I'msureyouknowthatthisgroupwassetuptohelpdisabledpeoplelikeme.19.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.（it作形式宾语makeit+adj.Forsb.todosth.)20.Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.21.Whatwoulditliketobeblindordeaf?22.Mostpeoplewouldneverthinkaboutthis,butmanypeoplehavethesedifficulties.23.Ican'tusemyarmsorlegswell,sonormalthingslikeansweringthetelephone,openingandclosingthedoors,orcarryingthingsaredifficultforme.24.Iamonlyabletohavea“doghelper”becauseofyourkindness.25.Thankyouagainforchangingmylife.II.Phrases(短语)cheerup使变得高兴give/handout分发；散发avolunteerafterschoolstudy/readingprogram志愿者课后学习/阅读项目cleanup打扫（或清除）干净aCityParkCleanUpDay城市公园清扫日fiveprimaryschools五所小学eupwith想出;提出（主意;计划;回答等）bebusywith/doingsth.忙于（做）某事putoffdoing推迟做某事putupsigns/notices张贴标语/通知makesomenotices制作一些布告makesomeplans制定计划callsb.up给某人打；征召anoldpeople’shome敬老院feellonely感到孤独carefor照顾，照料=takeafter/takecareof；非常喜爱17.giveup放弃18.hardwork艰辛的工作workhard努力hardworkingadj.努力的19.astrongfeelingofsatisfaction强烈的满足感20.thelookofjoy喜悦的表情21.ontheirowners'faces在他们主人的脸上22.attheageof…在......几岁时23.tryoutfor参加......的选拔24.helpsb.out(withsth.)帮助某人分担工作；帮助某人摆脱困境25.goonadifferentjourney进行不同的旅程26.etrue实现27.atthesametime同时28.workfor…为…...而工作workas...作为......29.homelesspeople=thehomeless无家可归者30.hopetodosth.希望做某事31.atleast至少32.raisemoneyfor为......募捐34.ananimalhospital一家动物医院35.runout(of)用尽;用完36.fixup修理37.giveaway(sth.tosb.)（把某物）捐赠;捐助（给某人）38.takeafter（外貌和行为）像39.makesth.possible使某事成为可能40.setup成立;建立41.disabledpeople=thedisabled残障人士42.makeabigdifferencetosb./sth.对......有巨大影响43.answerthetelephone接44.atraineddog一只受过训练的狗45.beabletodosth.能够做某事beunabletodosth.不能够做某事46.atonce=rightaway立刻；马上47.beaguideatamuseum在博物馆做导游48.befreetodosth.有空做某事49.bestrongin...在某方面很强50.inmyfreetime在我的空闲时间离51.brokenbicycleparts坏了的自行车零件52.beexcitedabout...对......感到兴奋53.besimilarto...和......相似54.bringsb./sth.tosp.把某人带去某地bringsb./sth.home带某人/某物回家55.feelluckytodosth.对做某事感到幸运56.becauseofyourkindness由于你的善良57.changeone’slife改变某人的生活58.workoutfine(办法）很奏效，很有效果59.trainsb.todosth.训练某人做某事60.volunteerone’stimetodosth.志愿奉献（牺牲）时间做某事volunteertodosth.志愿做某事61.havedifficulties/difficult/trouble/problemsindoing/withsth.在（做）某事上有困难62.thanksb.for(doing)sth.因为（做）某事感谢某人=bethankfulforsth.tosb.III.Grammar(语法)动词短语phrasalverbs1.定义：短语动词/动词短语是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。2.类型和用法：①动词+介词：相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。lookafter照顾lookat看一看carefor非常喜欢；照顾thinkabout考虑agreewith同意waitfor等待e.g.Iagreewithwhatyousaid.Everystudentissupposedtotakeup(doing)asportingactivityforahealthylife.开始做②动词+副词：可看作及物动词，名词作其宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作其宾语时，只能位于动词与副词之间。有的也可看作不及物动词，不跟宾语。cheerup振奋起来cleanup打扫干净giveup放弃putoff推迟takeaway拿走fixup修理turndown调低；拒绝lookup查阅e.g.It'stoonoisy.PleaseturndowntheTV.=PleaseturntheTVdown.Thisisanewword.You'dbetterlookitupinthedictionary.③动词+副词+介词：相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词之后。catchupwith赶上eupwith想出lookforwardto期望runoutof用完，耗尽e.g.Heworkedhardtocatchupwithhisclassmates.④动词+名词+介词：相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。makefunof取笑makefulluseof充分利用paymoreattentionto更加注意takegoodcareof好好照顾makefriendswith与……交朋友e.g.It'simpolitetomakefunofyourclassmates.动词不定式infinitives1.定义：动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成的，有时to可以省略，它是非谓语动词的一种。2.功能：动词不定式在句子中不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化，其否定结构是“notto+动词原形”。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。e.g.Tellhimnottobelate.3.不定式作宾语：(1)一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语，这类动词有agree,decide,forget,remember,fail,hope,wish,expect,learn,try,plan,refuse,want,need,choose,start,begin,help等。e.g.Amyagreedtogoforapicnicwithus.IforgottoclosethewindowwhenIlefttheroom.Wefailedtoarriveontimebecauseofbadtrafficyesterday.PeterplanstogoonavisittoBeijingnextmonth.(2)what,which,who,where,when,how等疑问词与不定式连用作宾语。e.g.Nobodytolduswhattodo/howtosolvetheproblemnext.Idon’tknowwheretogo.Thequestioniswhentostart.(3)在feel,find,make,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语，且宾语补足语是形容词或名词时，常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(即动词不定式)后置。e.g.Shefindsitdifficulttofinishtheworkbyherself.不定式作宾语补足语：(1)一些动词后可以跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成v.+sb.+todosth.。这类动词有advise,allow,ask,encourage,i