2023届高三英语二轮复习完形填空之利用首句信息和复现信息解题 讲义

完形填空之利用首句信息和复现信息解题完形填空是一种综合性极强的题型，主要考查考生的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，要求考生具备扎实的词汇、语法知识，

并且能够灵活运用语言知识、文化背景知识和生活常识，通过文章的行文逻辑厘清语篇中的线索。由于完形填空各设空处间距较短，考生在做题时，容易因为文章信息不完整而无法准确把握文章脉络，导致出现理解障碍而失分。近3年新高考卷考情分析试卷名称考试年份考查体裁主题语境文章话题篇章词数考点统计句内层次句组层次语篇层次实词虚词动词名词形容词副词介词连词新高考Ⅰ卷2022记叙文人与自我野营奇遇2384655531102021记叙文人与社会打工经历2306549420002020记叙文人与自然环境保护217465572100新高考Ⅱ卷2022记叙文人与自我环球旅行2145644830002021记叙文人与社会警察破案2214746720002020记叙文人与自我优秀品行213663941100近3年新高考卷命题规律专题微课一利用首句信息和复现信息解题完形填空一般不在首句设空，这是为了给考生提供部分有效的文章背景信息。若首句交代了when，where，who，what，即四个“W”，一般来说文章为记叙文；若首句提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说文章为说明文；若首句提出一个论点，一般来说文章为议论文。仔细分析首句，往往能获取许多解题信息。除了文章首句以外，考生还可以利用段落首句来把握文章大意，因为主题句一般出现在段落的开头。【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Mylifeasatax－payingemployedpersonbeganinmiddleschool,when,forthreewholedays,Iworkedinabakingfactory.MybestfriendBetsy’sfatherwasamanageratHoughBakeries,which,atEastertime,41.made

littlebunny(兔子)cakesforallits42.stores

throughoutCleveland.Ithappenedthattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfor__43__helpduringourspringbreak，forwhichIhadno44.plans

beyondlisteningtomyfavoriterecords.I’d__45__minimumwage.I’dseehowafactory__46__.MyparentsthoughtallofthiswasagrandideaandcalledBetsy’sdadwiththeir47.permission.点拨：完形填空一般选用记叙文作命题材料。文章的首句常常会交代故事发生的背景，如时间、地点、人物等。本文的首句交代了背景：作者从中学时期开始纳税，当时作者在一家烘焙工厂工作了整整三天。43.A.generous

B.financialC.technical

D.temporary【分析】根据首句中的“inmiddleschool”和“forthreewholedays”可推知，作者是短期打工，

再结合空后的“duringourspringbreak”可知，此处表示春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。自主解答：D45.A.offer

B.earnC.set

D.suggest【分析】首句中的“asatax－payingemployedperson”说明作者挣钱了，根据空后的“minimumwage”可知，作者当时还是中学生，要做的是临时工的工作，挣得最低工资。自主解答：B46.A.worked

B.closedC.developed

D.survived【分析】由首句中的“Iworkedinabakingfactory”可推知，作者去工厂打工可以获知工厂是如何运转的。自主解答：A在完形填空中，仅仅依据设空所在句的句意或设空前后句的语境无法对有些题目做出正确的判断。

此时，就需要考生仔细阅读其他部分，因为答案往往会在某处复现，我们把这种现象称作“信息复现”。

语篇中的信息复现包括原词复现、同/近义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现和代词复现等。考生可以利用这一现象快速解题。原词复现【典例】(2022·全国乙卷)Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2－4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each__47__satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.ears.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49.see

orheartheadult.47.A.parent

B.childC.researcher

D.doctor【分析】根据Webroughtyoungchildren...及本空下一句中thechild可推断，此处属于原词child的复现，指每个孩子都与一名成年人坐在一起。自主解答：B同/近义词复现【典例】(2021·天津3月卷)Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot__16__whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough，his17.emotions

tookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy18.instead.16.A.amazed

B.madC.curious

D.frightened【分析】根据下文中的“Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration”可知，此处应选与anger，frustration是同义词的词汇。自主解答：B反义词复现【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Our48.roles

inthefactoryweresimple:Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.49.Remove

bunnyfromthebelt.Thiswas__50__thanitsounds.51.Slow__down

abitandthecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight,itwasallalittlemorehigh－pressurethanI’d52.expected.50.A.harder

B.betterC.longer

D.cheaper【分析】尽管上文提到了“Our48.roles

inthefactoryweresimple”，但根据下文中的“thecakespileup”

“alittlemorehigh－pressure”可知，作者想表达实际上他们的工作并不像听上去那么简单，

所选项应与simple构成反义词复现。自主解答：A同根词复现【典例】(2021·全国甲卷)Burchillsaidinarecentletterof__51__tothe4－starhotel...“Ihave55.matured

andIadmitresponsibilityformy56.actions，”

hesaidintheletter.“Icometoyou,57.hat__in__hand,__toapologizeforthedamageIhad58.indirectly

causedandtoaskyouto59.reconsider

mylifetimebanfromthehotel.”51.A.application

B.apologyC.request

D.invitation【分析】根据下文中的“...hesaidintheletter.

‘Icometoyou...toapologizeforthedamageIhad58.indirectly

caused’”可知，空处应该是道歉信，所选项应为apologize的同根词。自主解答：B代词复现【典例】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Asabusinesswoman，Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection，__41__can

alsodriveyoumad.They’llcomerushingin，42.saying

theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll43.swear

thattheyleftitinthechangingroom，createhavoc(混乱)andthen44.discover

ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.They’llhaveouthalfthe45.goods

intheshop，andwanttheonlystyleyoudon’thaveleftina46.particular

colour.41.A.shopkeepers

B.customersC.salespersons

D.receptionists【分析】根据上文中的“Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.”和下文中的语境可推知They的指代意义。自主解答：B(2021·全国甲卷)Olderandwisernow,Burchillchalkeduptheincidenttoyouthfulindiscretion(莽撞).“Ihave__55__andIadmitresponsibilityformy56.actions，”

hesaidintheletter.“Icometoyou,57.hat__in__hand,__toapologizeforthedamageIhad58.indirectly

causedandtoaskyouto59.reconsider

mylifetimebanfromthehotel.”55.A.recovered

B.retiredC.escaped

D.matured答案D[本题可利用近义词复现解题。根据上文“Olderandwisernow...”可知，现在的Burchill变得更加成熟了。mature

“成熟”是对“Olderandwiser”的近义词复现。]15yearsagowhenIwasplayingbasketballinoneofAustralia’spremierbasketballleagues，Irememberasportspsychologistwehadfortheseason......Itinvolvedmovingourselvesintoameditative(冥想的)stateandtakingourselvesonajourneyintothe44.future

torecreatetheexperienceofagame—45.leaving

home，gettingtothestadium，beinginthechangingroom，walkingoutontothe__46__andthenfinallyvisualizinghowwewouldplayandseeourselves47.winning...46.A.court

B.streetC.platform

D.stage答案A[本题可利用首句信息解题。根据首句中的“Iwasplayingbasketballin...leagues”可知，“我们”是运动员，结合选项可知，court

“球场”

符合语境。court除了有“法院，法庭”的意思，还有“球场”的意思。](2022·重庆名校联盟高三联考)“My33.advice

foryoungpeopleistobelievethatyoucandoanythingyousetyourmindtodo.Ifyouwanttotravel，youhaveto34.make

sacrificestotravelaroundtheworld.Andit’sonlyamatterof__35__untilyoucanmakeitareality.”35.A.honor

B.careerC.time

D.assessment答案C[本题可利用代词复现解题。结合句意以及常识可知，it指代上文的“环游世界”，所以完成环游世界的目标只是一个时间问题。]

Weweremovingdownthemotorway(高速公路)atoverahundredkilometersanhour.“Canyou__41__it？”mywifeaskedwhiledriving.“Almost，”

IrepliedasItwistedmybodyfromthe42.passenger

sentbesidehertowardsthe43.back

ofthecar，whereourtwochildrensat.Iwastryingtoreachthesmallbearourtwo－year－oldsonhadjust44.dropped.Hekeptcrying.41.A.keep

B.reachC.stop

D.change答案B[本题可利用原词复现解题。根据下文中的“Iwastryingtoreachthesmallbear”可知，这里表示作者妻子问作者是否能够得