论马克·吐温短篇小说的幽默

28679ChapterOneIntroductionHumorisaquitepopulartopic,andthereisnoclearandconsistentexplanationintheacademiccommunityforwhathumoris.Humorcomesfromlifeandislearned.Humorisalanguageformofartisticprocessingandartisticlanguage.Humorisanartisticmethodusedtocreatelaughter.1.1ABriefIntroductionofHumorThroughtherhetoricalmethodsofmapping,irony,punandotherrhetoricalmethods,revealstheabsurdityandunreasonabilityinlifeinakindsmile."Humor"isdifferentfromfunnyandirony.Itisakindoflaughingandrevealingthecontradictionsofthingsinordertoachievethepurposeofcriticismandirony.Ironicistoexpose,criticize,orlaughatbadorfoolishbehaviorbymeansofmetaphorandexaggeration.Humorisdifferentfromthem.Theterm"Humor"firstappearedinQuYuan'sNineChaptersHuaisha,whichmeansquiet.Nowrefersto"humor"isatranslatorofEnglish"Humor".Generallyspeaking,aperson'shumorabilityisproportionaltohisIQ.1.2TheLanguageStyleofMarkTwainTheflexibleuseoftheotherparty'slanguageisunique.Hiswordsarespoken,conciseanddirect,thesentencestructureissimpleandsimple,andevenincompatiblewithgrammar.Hebelongstoatypicalorallanguage.Heskillfullyusesspokenlanguagetodescribethedailylifeofthestorycharacters.Inaddition,hecharactersofhisstoryarelimitedtospecifichistoricalperiodsandareas,andthestrongdialectsareheld.Hislocalcharacteristicsaremoretrue.

ChapterTwoTheReasonsfortheHumorinMarkTwain'sShortStoriesMarkTwain'suniquehumorouslanguageandrichhumorousskillsmakehisliteraryworksuniqueandestablishhisextremelyimportantpositionintheAmericanliteraryworld.ReadingMarkTwain'shumorousartinhisliteraryworks,wecanfindthathishumorisactuallyasharpweapon.Letreadersstrivetouncovertheprofoundmeaninghiddeninthesurfacelaughter,thatis,toexposeandcriticizevariousuglyphenomenainAmericansocietyatthattimethroughhumorousartistictechniques,triggeringpeople'sdeepthinkingandreflection.2.1InconsistencybetweenContentandFormMarkTwain'snovelscanbeseeneverywherewiththehumoroustraceoftheinconsistencybetweenformandcontent.Theinconsistentwayofformandcontenteffectivelystrengthensthecomedyeffectofthenovel,andalsoaddsauniqueartisticcharmtothenovel.IntheadventuresofTomSoya,thechildreninschoolhavechangedtheirusuallazinesstowinaverycarelessBibleprize.Readingisonlyaverycommonthinginpeople'sdailylife,butaboyofGermandescentwillbecomeanidiotbecauseofexcessivereadingwithhisbrain,whichmakespeoplereadasenseoffunny.Thiskindoffunnyisnotcausedbythefactthattheauthorisabsurdandexaggeratedtoshowthingsinartisticform.Thisexaggeratedformofexpressionleadstoainconsistencybetweenformandcontent.Theauthor'sfunnyandrelaxednarrationtriggeredthereader'ssmileandrevealedtheinfringementofreligiontothepurityofchildren'shearts.Itisthroughthisinconsistentcomparisonbetweenformandcontent,MarkTwaincreatedahumorouscomedyatmosphere,whileallowingreaderstoappreciatethehumorofthenovel,theyalsorevealtheuglinessofthevanityoftheupperclassbourgeoisie.2.2InconsistencybetweenCharacter'sWordsandActionsMarkTwainisgoodatdiscoveringsomeunusualelementsofhumorouselementsfromthecharacterortheinconsistencyofwordsanddeeds.Forexample,AuntPollyintheAdventuresofTomSoya,AuntPollyisessentiallyakind-hearted,lovingandaffectionateperson.However,sheusuallyshowsavillainattitudeinthepublic,andhercareforTomisalwaysexpressedinthewayofscoring.Thewayofscoringiscontrastingwiththeattitudeofcare,andsometimescontradictory.However,itisthiscontradictionandcontrastthatmakesAuntPolly'skind-hearted,fulloflove,richfeelingsandothercharacteristicsbettertothereaders.IntheadventuresofHuckberryFinn,HuckshowedtheuniquespiritofadventureofWesternAmericans.Atthesametime,Huckwasfulloflongingandimaginationoflife.AlthoughHuck'scharacterhassecularconstraints,wecanalsoseethevaluablechildhoodfromhiswordsandbehavior.Inhisseriesofadventures,Huck'sdisharmonyoftenimposessomerestrictionsonhiswordsorbehavior.Thereaderwillunderstandtheauthor'sintentionsandexperiencethemeaningofhumor,andunconsciouslyproducealaughter.Forexample,MarkTwaindescribedtheperformanceofHuck'sattempttoreport,Hucksaid,"I'vealwayscounted.I'llneverintendtorectifytheevilagain.I'llthrowthematterbehindmymindandthenmakeupmymindtogototheevilpath,soastomatchmyidentity."However,lookingatHuck'sremarks,wedidn'tfeelanyhumor,butfromthefulltext,wewillfindthatHuck'sremarksafterthefierceinnerstruggle,andthisoathseemsfullof"evilsmell"sothatthereaderswillinevitablyhaveasmile.AlthoughHuck'smindwaserodedbythedeformedsocialconsciousness,Huckfinallydefeatedthedeformedsocialconsciousnesswithhissoundandbeautifulsoul.Inhisnovel,MarkTwainappliedtheinconsistencyofthecharacterortheinconsistencyofwordsanddeeds,andexpressedtheemotiontothereadersinauniqueway.2.3InconsistencybetweenEnvironmentalSettingandCharacterActivityScenarioThetwoelementsofcharacteractivitiesandsurroundingenvironmentareinextricablylinkedtohumor.Ifabehaviorisnotcoordinatedwiththeconventionalenvironment,itiseasytohelplaughandhighlightthefunnynature.InthenovelAdventuresofTomSoya,TomSoyaisavictimofcapitalisteducation.Hispursuitoffantasyandmadevariousriskstogetridofreality.TomSoyapreachedpranksinthechurch.Allkindsofnaughtytroublesinschoolmakereaderslaugh,makingiteasytoexperiencethehumorousfun.Inparticular,itsperformanceinthechurchreflectstheincompatiblehumorousapplicationskillsofcharacters'activitiesandenvironmentinMarkTwain'snovels.Thechurchwassolemnandsacred,butTomSoya'snaughtybroughtanuproartothechurch.Prayinginteachingisaverysacredmatterofopinion.Itisnotallowedtobeblasphemy.Itissolemnandsolemninprayer.Intheprocessofprayer,itisnecessarytobethepietyofpeople.Itisnotallowedtodootherthingsthatarenotrelatedtoprayer.However,MarkTwainaskedTomSoyatoactagainstfliesinthissolemnandsolemnenvironment.Itseemedtobea"disrespectful"ofGod,anditseemedfunny.Inthesolemnandsolemnchurch,TomSoyaalsocausedatrickinthewarbetweenbeetlesandlionsanddogs.Hemadethesolemnandsolemnchurchessmoke,andeveryonelaughintoasmile.ByusingthemiscoordinationbetweenTomSoya'snaughtyandthesolemnandsolemnchurchenvironment,MarkTwainconstructsaveryhumorousenvironment,whichcannotonlymakethereadersfeelthehumorandhumorofthenovel,butalsoallowthereaderstoreflectontheessenceofhumorandfunnythroughthelaughter.Itsessenceisessentiallythedesireofhumanitytoreturntonature.Theexpectationofgettingridofreligiousconstraints.Inthenovel,theapplicationoftheinconsistencybetweenthecharacters'activitysituationandtheenvironmentsettingisadistinctivecontrastinthenovel,whichallowsreaderstoquicklyseetheessenceofhumorandhumorousandmakeiteasiertoexpressMarkTwain'semotion.2.4InconsistencybetweenSubjectiveIntentionandObjectiveResultsThenovelsofMarkTwaingenerallyhavegreatrenderingandpavingthewayatthebeginningofthebeginning.Readerscaneasilyinfertheplotdevelopmentofthenovelaccordingtotheirownconjectureswhenreading.However,theplotdevelopmentofMarkTwain'snovelsisinconsistentwiththereader'sconjecture,theoutcomeisunexpected,andthelogiciscontrarytoreason.Thislogicthatisinconsistentwithrationalityactuallydescribestheessenceoflife.Theartisticeffectofformingafunnyhumor.Forexample,JacobBliversintheStoryofGoodChildren,Jacobalwayslistenstohisparents.Eventhoughhisparents'wordsareunreasonableandabsurd,Jacquesalwaysworkshardinschool.Intheeyesofthereaders,Jacquesissocleverthattheoutcomeshouldbeagoodend.However,MarkTwain'sthinkingisdifferentfromthatofthegeneralreaders.Inhisnovel,Jacobisalwaysveryunlucky.Thereaders'assumptionsareoverthrowinghere,andtheplotdevelopmentofthenovelisalsoreversed.Althoughthenovelisalittleexaggerated,itcontainsalotofhumorouselements.Throughtheseelements,theauthormakesaglimpseofAmericaneducationandtellsthereadersthatthisAmericaneducationisamachinetostiflestudents'vitalityandvitality,andcannotachievethegoalofeducatingpeople.Theapplicationofobjectiveresultsandsubjectiveintentionsinthenovelcannotonlyattracttheaudience'sattention,butalsobetterpresentthefeelingsandviewsthattheauthorneedstoexpressinawittyway.2.5InconsistencybetweenDialectSlangandLanguageRulesInMarkTwain'snovels,therearealotoflocallanguages,slang,dialects,etc.whilethereisoneinconsistencybetweenthelocallanguage,slang,dialectandlanguagerules,resultinginalanguagetensioneffect,thuscreatingahumorousatmosphere.Languagerulesarecharacterizedbygoodstability.Therearecertainlanguagerulesinbothdiachroniclinguistics,synchroniclinguisticsormodernlinguistics.However,thelocallanguage,slang,dialects,etc.ofthefolkareveryresoluteanddiverse.Thisinconsistencybetweenlocallanguage,slang,dialectandlanguagerulescanhighlightthesenseofhumorinlanguage.Thesuccessfulapplicationoflocallanguage,slanganddialectinthenovelcangreatlyincreasethehumorouscharacteristicsofMarkTwain'sworksandthelocalcolorofliteraryworks.InthenovelHuckberryFinn'sadventures,whenDouglaswantedtoteachtherulesofHuckcivilization,heshouldhaveusedtheauthenticEnglish"Civilize"withstablegrammarrules,butMarkTwainused"Sivilize","Sivilize"isthePinyinoftheTurkishlanguageof"Civilize"amongMissouripeople,andMissouriisadialectthatcontainstheelementsofblackandnativelanguageandenrichesIndianlanguage.Thislanguagehasastrongfolkatmosphere,anditsexpressiveandtensionisverystrong.TheapplicationoftheinconsistencybetweenlanguagerulesanddialectscanbringbetterhumorousexpressiontoMarkTwain'snovels,butalsohasmoredeepartisticeffect.ChapterThreeTypesofHumorinMarkTwain'sShortStoriesMarkTwain'sworkshavesuperbartisticcreationstyle,andsuperbhumorandsatiricallanguageareeverywhere.Theuseofcolloquiallanguageanddialectsforcreationishisgreatestartisticfeature.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnisMarkTwain'smasterpieceandoneofthefewmasterpiecesinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Itispraisedbycriticsasitsbestwork.3.1HappyandRelaxedHumorInMarkTwain'snovels,thehumorouscolorinthenarrationisnotjusttomakelaugh,buttoexpressdeepemotions.Asawriter,MarkTwainsawavarietyofsocialphenomenaintheAmericansocialenvironmentinthemiddleandlate19thcentury.Hehadastrongdesiretoexpressthesephenomenainhisheart.Therefore,itpresentedthesephenomenawithahumorouswaytoexpresshisthoughtsandphilosophicalfeelingsinlife.3.1.1WittyLanguageArtThehumorouscolorinMarkTwain'snovelsconveysarelaxedandpleasantemotion,intuitiveorobscurenarrativetechnique,whichmakesthereaderslaughhappily.Thishappyemotionemittedbythetextistrue.Forexample,MarkTwain'sclassicnovelMillionPoundstellsthatthehero"I"gotamillionpoundsofmoneyduringthebetofthetwogentlemen,andaseriesofstoriestriggeredbythefallofmoneyalsomadelaughing.Inthestory,the"I"wasoriginallydepressedinordertobehavemoreinlinewiththeimageofamillionaire,wenttothegarmentstoretoaddclothes.Theexpressionandbehavioroftheclerkandbossafterseeingthebillsofmillionsofpounds.Theclerkbegantoappearonthefaceoftheclerk,withwrinkles,fishtailandspiralinthemiddle,justlikeyouthrewastoneintothepond.However,whenheglancedatthemoney,thesmileimmediatelyfrozenintoice.Inordertoshowthechangesintheexpressionoftheclerkbeforeandafter,theauthordeliberatelysaidwiththehelpof"I".Suchjokesmadetheboss'sbehaviormorefunny.Thecontrastofthefeelingofpicturewassolaughing.Withwonderfulstrokes,MarkTwainshowedvividcharactersandinterestingscenes,andthiskindofhumorworthyofcarefulchewingmakesthewholenarrativefullofjoy.Thisisalsoanimportantpurposeoftheauthor'screation.3.1.2IntriguingLanguageArtInadditiontothefeelingofjoyandjoyinthenovel,thehumorouscolorshownbyMarkTwaininhisworksismoreimportanttoreflect.ThedetailedreadingofMarkTwain'snovelscanbeattractedbyhisuniquewayofhumor,butafterlaughing,theinformationhiddenbehindthestorywillalsoleadtostrongthinking.MarkTwain'shumorisrational.Inhishumor,peoplecantouchakindofwisdom,whichisrelatedtoself-orientation.Forexample,inTheAdventuresofHuckberryFinn,MarkTwainusedhischildren'schildishandridiculouswordsanddeedstoshowtheimpactofthesocialenvironmentonpeople.Huckfacedtheseeffects,likeanadventure.Theprocessofthestoryislaughing.Buttheendresultpointstotheideal.Huckwithstoodtheinfluence,foundhistruepersonandbecameakindperson.IntheRunningforGovernor,theauthorthoughtaboutthephenomenaofAmericansocietyatthattime,givingpeopleareminderandwarninginahumorousway.Insuchafullemotionalexpression,MarkTwain'shumorissoclassicandendless.3.2BitterHumorwithCriticalandIronicIronicalhumorisaperfectcombinationofhumorousandsharpviews.Ironichumorhasseriousandprofoundideologicalconnotation,whichistheembodimentofthewisdomoflife.Ironichumorhasthevalueandsignificanceforhumanbeingsbeyondtimeandspace,andcanstandthetestoftimeandtheconsiderationofreality.Thedevelopmentstagesofhumanhistoryincludeprimitivesociety,slavesociety,feudalsociety,capitalistsocietyandsocialistsociety,alongwiththeprogressofcivilization,thegamebetweenmaterialfanaticalpursuitandhumandignityandvalue.Therefore,ironichumorcanbeusedasamirrortocareabouthumanbehaviorindifferentperiods.3.2.1IronicImitationintheAdventuresofHuckberryFinnMarkTwainusedaveryrelaxedandlivelyrhythmforthecharacterizationofcharactersandlanguagebehavior,andusedalargenumberofwritingmethodssuchasexaggeration,dialogy,playfulwordsandotherwritingmethodstocreateahumorousatmosphereforthenovel.However,inhisfunnylanguage,itdeeplyrevealedthedarksideofsocietyandthedefectsofhumannature.Insteadofrevealingmanybadphenomenainsocietythroughthelanguageofcharacters.MarkTwaindidnotdirectlyuseirony,butusedthenaiveideaofchildrentoreversethedirtysocialphenomenathroughthechild'sview.Throughthiscomparison,itmapsthedistortedvaluesandabsurdsocialethicsofrealsociety.TheauthoristhroughtheheroofthenovelHucktoachievethepurposeofcontrast.HuckviolatedthemoralconstraintsofritualsandreleasedJim.Althoughhedidagoodthingundertheinfluenceofsocialculture,healwaysfeltthathewasdoingbadthings.Throughthiscomparison,theauthorhasachievedareflectionofsociety,highlightingtheabsurdsituationofthewholeenvironmentthatisreversedtoblackandwhite.Thismakesthereadersfeelfunnywhilethinkingdeeplyaboutthepoorrootandstubbornperformanceofsocialdiscriminationatthattime,andtheauthorexpresseshisruthlessmockeryaboutthecurrentsituationofthewrongandwrongthroughHuck'slanguage.Withhisseeminglycarelessstrokes,MarkTwainrevealedaseriesofissuesofdogmaandrigidityinthesocietyatthattimefromtheperspectiveofHuck'sinnocence,makingthenovelfullofprofoundimplications.3.2.2HumorousIronyinPoundsMillionInhisnovel,MarkTwaintoldHenry,anhonestandsmartyoungAmericanman.ItwasunfortunatelylosttoLondon,becauseitwaslostwhenplayingatsea.Whenhewasinapennilesssituationandhungry,thetworichbrotherslenthimamillionpoundsofmoneyandaskedhimtoreturnthemoneyassoonashewasinamonth.TheywonderedhowthebillwouldaffectHenry.WhenHenrywashelpless,heshowedthebilltotheLondon.Thebusinessmanwhoonceturnedouttotheraggedyoungmaninagreatchangeinattitudeatthetimeofcheckoutandpayment.WebegantocompetetoprovideHenrywithfood,clothingandaccommodation,constantlyflatteringandflatteringhimandpullingoff.Henry'ssocialstatusrosesharplytothehighestDukeexcepttheroyalroom.Thestoryisrelaxed,humorousandironic,andattackedtheideaof"moneyfirst"intheasset-basedsocietyaswellasthehypocrisyandsnobofpeople.Thehumorismixedwithironyandhumorinirony,whichreflectstheauthor'shighabilitytocontrolthetext.3.3HumorwithBlackElementsAsoneoftheimportantschoolsofpost-modernistliterature,blackhumorbeganinEuropeinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,andprosperedintheUnitedStatesinthe1960sand1970s.Americanliteratureandeventheworldliteratureinthe20thcenturyhadagreatinfluence.TheblackhumorousnovelreflectstheyoungAmericanwriters'pursuitanddesireforspirituallife.3.3.1SpecialSubjectsThethemechoiceofblackhumorinvolvesthesoilitproduces.TheAmericansocietyhadundergonefiercechangesinthe1960s,andtherewerealargenumberofsocialheterogeneity.Intraditionalnovels,thesocialrealityofhippies,wardepression,gender-mixed,andabsurdhavebecomeahottheme.Thisprovidesafoundationfortheemergenceofblackhumor.Theblackhumorouschoicehasunknownsignificance,volatileswing,likeadream-awakeningscene.Thisscenarioprovideswriterswithinfinitethemesfordenyingoldstandardsandestablishingnewstandards.Mostofthesethemessurpassedthesurface,formingtheattentionofpeople'sspiritandsociety.3.3.2SpecialHumorousStyleBlackhumoremphasizesabsurdity,teasesallseriousandserioussocialproblems,laughsatpainandmisfortune,makesaviolentattackonthesociety,revealsuglinesswithaliteraryimage,andwidelyinvolvessomefieldsofsocietyintheworks,thesocialcontradictionsinthecapitalistworldaredeteriorating,andsocialabnormalitiesandillegalitiesarebecomingmoreandmoreserious.Thehostilitybetweenthesurroundingworldandthe"self".Nolongerbelieveinthesayingthat"socialharmony",thereisnohopeformankind's"perfectrealm",andthe"Americanlifestyle".Whenthesewritersfacetheserealities,thatkindofpainistherealpain,andtheythinkinthepainandpayattentiontosocietyandlife.3.3.3"Anti-heroic"CharactersTheso-called"anti-hero"imageisactuallydeconstructingtheoriginalheroimageinpeople'shearts,excludingthosedeifiedthingsandforces,andwritingallcommonlife,suchasloveandhate,lifeanddeath,sorrowandsorrow,showingthemostordinaryandordinarysideoflife.Thecharacterimageof"anti-hero"isproducedwhentheheroimagewithstrongwillandindomitablespiritintraditionalliteraturegoestodisappear.ItisoneofthemaincharacteristicsofAmericanliteratureafterthewar.Inblackhumorousliteraryworks,bothpoetry,proseornovels,themethodofblackhumorfocusesonwritinganti-heroes.Meanwhile,thecharactersof"anti-heroes"showblackhumor,whiletheparadoxishiddeninblackhumorandhasbecomethecarrierofblackhumorexpression.Therefore,theclose-upofanti-heroiccharactershasbecomeanimportantwaytodeepenblackhumorandparadox.3.3.4TheNarrativeStructureMethodof"AntiNovels"Thetraditionalnoveladoptsthenarrativemethodof"tellingstories"whichgenerallyhasacompletestorystructure.Thenarrationhasaheadandend,andthedevelopmentoftheplotshouldaccordwiththeinternallogicalrelationship.The"blackhumor"literaturecompletelyabandonedtheoldsetof"storytelling"andcreatedanewmethodof"dramatic".Itbrokethelimitationoftimeandspaceandexaggeratedthevastworldofthepeople'sinnerworld;Itisnolongerrestrictedbytimeandspace.Itcantranscendsociety,morality,customsandideas.Itexpressestheconfusingplotthroughhints,setbacks,contrast,andsymbolicforms.Breaktherationaltimeorder,acceleratethejumpofrhythm,andlackoflogicalconnectionwiththeplot,oftenmixthenarrativereallifewithfantasymemories,andmixtheseriousphilosophyandgags.Thewritingisironic,andthelanguageoftenbreaksthegeneralgrammarrulesandtheinherenthabitofcollocation.ChapterFourTheFormofPerformanceofHumorinMarkTwain'sShortStoriesThehumorousexpressionsinMarkTwain'sshortstoriesincludeuniquecolloquialism,exaggeratedcomediceffects,contrastivehumorouseffects,andimplicitmockeryandsatire.4.1UniqueOralLanguageTheuseofUniqueOralLanguagewhichmakesthecharacters,authorsandreadersorganicallycombinethecharactersofthenovel,andcompletesthereproductionofthestorycreatedbytheliteraryworks,andallowstheauthortoexpresshisjoyanddislikesthroughtheroleofthenovel.Thereaderalsoresonateswiththeauthor'semotionthroughtheroledeductioninthenovel.4.1.1WrittenintheFirstPersonTheauthoradoptedauniquefirstpersonperspectiveandsuccessfullycreatedHuck'strueandcredibleimage.ThemainthingisthatMr.MarkTwainsuccessfullyintroducedthereadersintotheplotofthenovelthroughthistechnique,andreplacedthereadersfromtheperspectiveof13-year-oldboywithaslightlyyoung,honestandprofoundbehaviorandlanguageofinnocence.LeadustodrifttogetherontheMississippiRiverandwitnessthereallifeandsocialatmosphereofthatsocietythroughaseriesofexperiencessuchasrobbers,involvementinfamilygrievances,anddeception.Ifeelthatthestereotypicalsociety'soppressionofchildren'snatureandMrMarkTwain'sironyanddisgustofsociety.4.1.2Child-likeHumorousStrokesThechildren'sworksarethestepscompletedinhisheyday,whichledthereaderintoastoryframeworkhehadsetinadvance,andletitreadtheworks.MarkTwaindescribedtheAmericansocietyatthattimethroughtheperspectiveofchildren,andaskedpeopletoreadaccordingtothenormalplot.However,whenthestorydevelopstofeelthattheAmericansocietyintheeyesofchildrenissoinconvenientandvulgar,thusleadingtotheend.MarkTwainsuddenlygavethereadersanunexpectedlyprofoundthinkingandruthlesscriticismtocarrythereaders.MarkTwain'sdescriptionofthechildren'simagedidnotstayonthetable,andthereadersfoundthatallthecontentinfrontofthestoryisjustawaytoend,whichfocusesonthepsychologicaldescriptionofthesechildren.Therefore,thereaders'normalthinkingmodelhasundergonegreatreversalandthiskindofchilddescriptionisactuallyaspecialhumor.4.1.3StrongRegionalCulturalCharacteristicsInthemiddleandlate19thcentury,humorousliteraturewashighlyrespectedintheAmericanliteraryworld.Althoughalargenumberofhumorouswriterswerebornduringthisperiod,fewworksthatcouldcausestrongreactions.Thatis,mosthumorousliteraturelackedprofoundideologicalcontent,sotheyoftenbecameasmokeaftermakingasmile.TheplacewhereMarkTwainisdifferentfromthegeneralhumorouswriteristhathishumorisfullofstrongatmosphereinthewesternUnitedStates.Heisakindofpioneerhumor.HishumorrevealsdeepthinkingaboutAmericanrealsociety.Therefore,whenreadingMarkTwain'sworks,peoplecanfeelthekindofMississippihumor,butalsofeelastrongrealisticideaafterlaughing.ThisideaisMarkTwain'ssympathyfortheworkingpeopleandaironyofsocialugliness.4.2ComedyEffectinExaggerationAsanimportantmeansofliterarycreation,theexaggeratedwritingtechniqueiswidelyusedinliterarycreation.Inhisliterarycreation,MarkTwainlikestoenlargesomecharacteristicsandcharacteristicsoftheoriginalthings.Atthesametime,MarkTwainalsolikestodeliberatelyreducesomecontentsinhisliteraryworks.Theimpactinthereader'sheartcanproduceahugegap.4.2.1ExpandingExaggeratedMethodsInhisliteraryworkMillionPounds,MarkTwainmadeaadventureinLondon,whenHenryAdams,amemberoftheSanFranciscominingagent,aclerkintheSanFranciscominingbroker,atthistime,thetwogoodbrothersinLondonbetthatborrowedanunspeakabledollartoHenry.ThepreviouseventasabethasbecomeawonderfulturninHenry'srichexperience.TheauthorrevealstheprevalenceofthethoughtofgoldworshipinBritishsocietyatthattimethroughexaggerateddescription.4.2.2ReducingExaggeratedMethodsDownscalingexaggerationreferstothedeliberatereductionofconditions,degree,image,quantityandfunction.TheSpunkofaRabbitisanexaggeratedstatement.Inthisnovel,HuckhadintendedtoexposeJimtoletthewhitepeoplecatchhim.However,duringtheadventure,JimtrustedHuckverymuch,whichmadeHuckhesitated.Atthistime,therewasasmallboatwithtwopeoplewithgunsinhishand.OneofthemaskedwhethertheHuckraftwaswhiteorblack.Huckdidn'tanswerimmediately.Hisman'shusbandwasnotenoughatthistime.Hedidn'tevenhavethecourageofarabbit.ThissentenceemphasizedHuck'shesitationatthattime,buthecouldn'tdoit.Theexaggeratedreductioncanalsomakethereadersbrightandlaugh.4.3HumorousEffectinComparisonWithrichhumorskillsinthecreativeprocess,MarkTwainusedthecontrastmethodtocreateauniquehumorouseffect,sothatthereader'soriginalnervousmoodcanberelaxedandrelieved.4.3.1ComparisonofLanguageItisalsoanimportantfeatureofthelanguageofMarkTwain'snovellanguage.ThemostrepresentativeisMarkTwain'sclassicanecdote:MarkTwainpraisedaladyataparty.ItcanbeseenthatMarkTwainissoskilledandsuperbintheuseoflanguage.Hishumorouscounterattackoftenmakestheotherpersonsilent,thus