高考英语复习-语法专项-一动词的时态和语态市赛课公开课一等奖省名师获奖课件

语法精讲强化系列一、动词时态和语态1/89考点1普通时态1.普通现在时(1)表示习惯性、经常性发生动作或存在状态,常与表示频度时间状语连用,如usually,often,always,sometimes,everyday等。*OnMondaymorningitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetowork.

2/89(2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好或者要求行为,只限于go,come,leave,start,stop,arrive,begin,return,open,close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义词。*Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.3/89(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中惯用普通现在时代替普通未来时。*Youwillsurelysucceedifyoutryyourbest.4/89【典例剖析】①(·全国卷Ⅱ)Someclassmatessuggestwegotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.(改错)5/89解题关键:依据句中动词suggest,is可知,应指当前想法,应用普通现在时。答案判定:thought改为think6/89②(·全国卷Ⅱ)Thiscycle________(go)dayafterday.Thewallswarmupduringtheday.(填空)7/89解题关键:时间状语为dayafterday,且依据第二句warm用了普通现在时可知此处表示当前情况,所以用普通现在时。答案判定:goes8/892.普通过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生动作或存在状态,惯用yesterday,lastyear,in1995,theotherday等作时间状语。*Itwasaterriblepieceofworkyouturnedinyesterday.9/89(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中惯用普通过去时代替过去未来时。*Hesaidhewouldnotgoifitrained.(3)表示“原认为/原来认为/原希望”等意义时,know,think,expect等动词惯用普通过去时。*Ididn’texpecttomeetyouhere.我没料到会在这里遇见你。10/89【辨析】普通过去时与现在完成时区分普经过去时①强调动作发生在过去某一时间,不强调对现在造成影响或结果;②与表示过去某一特定时间或与现在无关某一过去时间连用现在完成时①表示过去动作与现在相关系,主要强调对现在造成影响和结果;②可与today,thisweek,since等表示包含现在一段时间状语连用,但不能和表示过去时间状语连用11/89*They’vegonetoParissofar.他们当前已经去巴黎了(说明他们现在不在这里)。*TheywenttoParislastyear.他们去年去过巴黎(只说明去过,不表明是否现在仍在那里)。12/89【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空①(·全国卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand______(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.13/89解题关键:依据主句谓语动词believed可知,此处讲是孔子过去想法,应该用普通过去时。答案判定:were14/89②(·全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.15/89解题关键:句意:就在天亮之前我到了阳朔,天下着小雨。不过我关心不是这件事。依据主句wasraining以及第二句话didn’t可知,记叙是过去发生事情,应该使用普通过去时。答案判定:arrived16/893.普通未来时(1)普通未来时表示未来某一时刻动作或状态,即单纯未来事实。*HewillgraduatefromBeijingUniversitynextyear.17/89(2)三类表示普通未来时特殊结构:①begoingtodosth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。*Really?You’regoingtowalkthedog?②betodosth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、要求等要做某事。*Wearetoobeytheseruleswhenwegointothelibrary.18/89③beabouttodosth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与详细时间状语连用。*Thetrainisabouttoleave.19/89【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyouareabletocomewithus,pleaseletusknowandwe________(wait)foryouattheschoolgateat9inthemorning.20/89解题关键:依据if从句用是普通现在时表示未来,可知主句用will+动词原形表示普通未来时。答案判定:willwait21/89【高考题组】单句语法填空/改错1.(·四川高考)Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother_____(drive)theyoungpandaaway.2.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo__(be)reallybeautiful.3.(·广东高考)Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she___(fall)overthehillanddied.

droveisfell22/894.(·全国卷Ⅱ)We’llalsospendsomefuntimetogethersinging,dancingandplayinggames,whichwehope_________(make)themhappy.5.(·四川高考)BothDadandIplannedtodosomethingonMother’sDay.Wegetupearlyinthemorning.(改错)__________willmakeget改为got23/896.(·全国卷Ⅰ)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(改错)________________7.(·全国卷Ⅱ)Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.(改错)_______________think改为thoughtbegun改为began24/898.(·四川高考)AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendshere.(改错)___________tell改为told25/89考点2进行时态1.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行动作、存在状态或者表示现阶段(atpresent,thisweek等)正在进行动作、存在状态(说话时动作不一定进行或存在)。*ExpertsarewonderingnowiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.

26/89(2)一些特定表示动作趋向性短暂性动词come,go,leave,get,start,open,arrive,begin,return等惯用现在进行时表未来。*Someofthesearegettingscarcebecausepeoplekillthemforvariousreasons.27/89(3)现在(或者过去)进行时态与always,constantly,often,forever,continually等副词连用表示说话者“赞叹、厌烦、不满”等感情色彩。*Thegirlisalwaystalkingaloudinpublicplaces.28/89【辨析】普通现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作,常伴随使用频度副词usually,often,seldom等现在进行时主要用于表示当前或现阶段正在进行动作或状态,常跟时间状语now,atpresent等连用29/89*Heusuallywritesalotofletters,butheisn’twritingatpresent.30/89【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·北京高考)I______(write)totellyoumyexcitingplanforthesummerholiday.31/89解题关键:此句是书信开头语,强调现在正在写信,故用现在进行时。答案判定:amwriting32/892.过去进行时(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行动作或者存在状态。*Nowtwenty-twoyearsold,hewasstudyingwetlandsecology.Heagainappearedbeforethetownplanningboard.33/89(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。*ShewaswatchingTVwhenaburglarbrokeintoherhouse.(3)过去进行时能够表示按计划、安排在过去将要发生事。用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置移动动词时,也能够用过去进行时表示过去按照计划、安排将要发生动作。*YesterdayhesaidhewasleavingforCanada.34/89【辨析】普经过去时表示一个完成动作;亦可表示过去某个时刻发生单纯动作(侧重说明事实)过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行动作;亦可表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生动作(强调在这一过程中所进行动作或展开情景)或者不停重复进行动作35/89*Iwasreadinganovellastnight.(可能没看完)。*Ireadanovellastnight.(已经看完)。36/89【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·北京高考)Jack______(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.37/89解题关键:依据句意“Jack正在试验室工作时候突然停电了。”以及关键词occurred可知,此句型是was/weredoing...when...结构。答案判定:wasworking38/893.未来进行时表示未来某个时间正在进行动作,或按预测未来会发生事情。惯用时间状语有:soon,tomorrow,thisevening,bythistime,intwodays,tomorrowevening等。*ThistimenextweekI’llbelyingonthebeach,enjoyingthesunshine.39/89【辨析】普通未来时表示对“现在时刻”来说,将要发生动作或将要存在状态未来进行时表示未来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行动作40/89*Sheissixteen,andwillbeseventeennextyear.*WhatwillyoubedoingatthistimenextMonday?41/89【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·江苏高考)—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.I______(write)areportathome.42/89解题关键:由题干中关键信息词tomorrowmorning可知,双方在谈论明天早晨事情,所以答语应用未来进行时,表示“明天早晨我将在家写汇报”。答案判定:willbewriting43/89【高考题组】用所给词适当形式填空1.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Andthetown___________(become)apopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsianow.2.(·全国卷Ⅰ)NowI________(live)inacity,butImissmyhomeinthecountryside.

isbecomingamliving44/893.(·辽宁高考)Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,many___________(break)therulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.arebreaking45/894.(·北京高考)Intheearlyafternoon,whenhe____________(plan)togohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.5.(·全国卷Ⅱ)He_________(ride)besidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver.wasplanningwasriding46/89考点3完成时态1.现在完成时(1)表示过去发生或已经完成某一动作对现在造成影响或结果,惯用时间状语:already,sofar,never,just,before,recently等。*Nowadaysthecostofanewcarhasfalleninrealtermssothatitischeaperthanevertoownone.

47/89(2)表示过去发生而连续到现在动作或状态。常与since,for以及sofar,now,today,thisweek(month,year),foralongtime,inthepast/lastfewyears,thesedays等连用。*Sofarnofurthernewshasbeenobtained.48/89(3)现在完成时还能够用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示未来某时完成动作。*Pleasereturnthebooktomewhenyouhavefinishedit.49/89【点津】(1)注意切记以下固定句型:①Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since...表示“自从……以来已经……”。*Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.

50/89②This/It/Thatisthefirst/second/third...timethat...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用现在完成时。*ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.51/89(2)注意防止思维定势:一看到for+时间段,就用动词现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(普通过去时),还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。①YangZhenninglivedinAmericaformanyyearsandnowhelivesinChina.杨振宁在美国定居多年,现在他生活在中国。52/89②DashanhaslivedinChinaformanyyears.大山在中国住了许多年。53/89【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·北京高考)I______(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI’lltrytofinishitattheweekend.54/89解题关键:依据关键词finishit可知,已读完二分之一,read动词是已经完成动作,应用现在完成时。答案判定:haveread55/892.过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成动作,强调“过去过去”之意。常与by,before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示句子中。*Bytheendoflastyear,wehadaccomplishedtheprojectcompletely.

56/89(2)表示意向动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本……(实际上未能……)”。*Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.57/89【点津】注意固定句型:①This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second/third...timethat...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用过去完成时。*ThiswasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenhere.

58/89②hardly...when...和nosooner...than...两个句型中,主句均用过去完成时。*Hardlyhadthematchstartedwhenwearrived.59/89【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·浙江高考)Silk__________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.60/89解题关键:依据句中时间状语byabout100BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去过去”,故用过去完成时。答案判定:hadbecome61/89【高考题组】用所给词适当形式填空1.(·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewalls__________(give)uptheirheatandarenowcoldenough.2.(·天津高考)Thenextday,wegotadisappointingmessagethatanotherbuyer__________(offer)amuchhigherprice.

havegivenhadoffered62/893.(·重庆高考)Herfamily____________(return)fromabroad,andthengotamessagefromthevet.4.(·山东高考)Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe____________(expect).hadreturnedhadexpected63/89考点4现在完成进行时和过去未来时1.现在完成进行时(1)惯用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直连续到现在而且会继续进行下去动作。*(·全国卷Ⅰ)Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp.

64/89(2)表示到当前为止一段时间里一直在重复进行动作。*Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning,butthere’snoanswer.65/89【辨析】现在完成时表示过去开始一个动作到当前为止已经完成,表示动作结果现在完成进行时表示过去开始一个动作到当前为止仍在进行,甚至仍将继续66/89①I’vewatchedtheTVseriesNirvanainFire.(已经完成)②IhavebeenwatchingtheTVseriesNirvanainFirethesedays.(仍在进行甚至仍将继续)67/89【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·江苏高考)Dashan,who________(learn)crosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.68/89解题关键:依据句意:“大山数十年来一直在学习中国喜剧传统节目:相声,想把它和西方单口相声融会贯通。”可知,大山学习相声是从过去连续到现在,而且还可能继续下去,故使用现在完成进行时。答案判定:hasbeenlearning69/892.过去未来时过去未来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生动作或存在状态。即过去未来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”一个时态,惯用于宾语从句中。*Theshopswouldsoonclose,andallthepeoplewouldgohome.70/89【典例剖析】用所给词适当形式填空(·全国卷Ⅰ)Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidstopicksomethingtheythoughtourfriendthere__________(appreciate).71/89解题关键:由语境可知强调“他们认为我们那里朋友可能会喜爱一些东西”,同时由关键词asked和thought可知是站在过去时间点上展望未来。故用过去未来时。答案判定:wouldappreciate72/89【高考题组】用所给词适当形式填空/改错1.(·北京高考)—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?—ThenewStarWars.We________________(wait)hereformorethantwohours.havebeenwaiting73/892.(·福建高考)Asaresult,Isabelle________________(receive)bloodtransfusions(输血)every4—6weekssinceshewas11monthsold.

3.(·天津高考)She___________________(volunteer)hertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesformorethan40years.hasbeenreceivinghasbeenvolunteering74/894.(·福建高考)We________________(drive)infogallmorning,butthefogisliftingnow.5.(·天津高考)Justtoseewhatshe________(do),Igentlyplacedoneontopofthegroundhog’shead.havebeendrivingwoulddo75/896.(·浙江高考)Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.(改错)________去掉had76/897.(·全国卷Ⅱ)Tonypromisedherthatthiswillneverhappenagain.(改错)_____________8.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Sincethen—foralltheseyears—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.(改错)____________will改为wouldhad改为have77/89考点5被动语态1.不能用被动语态特殊动词(1)系动词类(look,seem,feel,taste,sound,prove,appear等)。(2)表示主语特征词(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock等),常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。*Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布料轻易洗。78/892.get组成表示被动短语getpaid/lost/hurt等。*Wegetpaideveryweek.我们按周取得薪酬。79/893.主动形式表示被动意义(1)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词、worth等形容词后面,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式被动形式。*Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这房子需要修理。