托福一对一培训听力-题型讲解

TOEFLiBT-ListeningTOEFLListeningSection1：1conversation+2lecturesSection2：1conversation+2lectures*可能有加试5questionsperconversation6questionsperlectureListeningtesttime:60-90minAnsweringtime：10minpersection(每小题答题时间无具体限制）模拟真实场景（说题外话、口误、停顿）时间较长，内容丰富——边听边做笔记机考界面：只能前进，不能反悔TOEFLListening正确题数得分正确题数得分正确题数得分343023161253329221511432272115104312620149330251913832924181172282317962272216851262115840251914730241713620TOEFLListeningConversation：OfficehoursServicecountersLecture:ArtsLifesciencePhysicalscienceSocialscienceWarm-upListentoalectureandanswerthequestionsTPOTOEFLListeningGistQuestionGistQuestion主旨题Requiresthelistenertounderstandcriticalvocabularyphrasesorfactsfromseveralpointsinatextandtointerprettoidentifythekeypointsofthetext.Questionsthattestunderstandingthegistmayrequireyoutogeneralizeorsynthesizeinformationinwhatyouhear.Listenforthemainidea找出所听内容全文主题Conversation部分常询问学生来访目的Lecture部分常询问演讲内容主题如何识别主旨题？出题位置：常常出现在conversation或lecture的第1或2小题只有一题提问方式：Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?Whydoesthestudentcometoseehisprofessor?Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?如何听出主旨题的答案？开门见山型开头直接出现提示词开头部分是理论展开注意开头部分的keywordsTodaywearegoingtobetalkingabout…I’dliketobeginmylecturebyintroducing…Let’sfocuson…Let’snowlookat…Lasttimewediscussed…today,wearegoingtomoveon…TPO6-L3Whataspectcreativewritingdoestheprofessormainlydiscuss？A.Howtokeepareader’sinterestB.HowtocreatebelievablecharactersC.KeydifferencesbetweenmajorandminorcharactersD.Techniquesfordevelopingshort-storyplotsProfessor:Alrighteverybody,thetopicfortodayis,well,we’re

gonna

takealookathowtostartcreatingthecharactersforthestoriesyou’rewriting.

Professor:OK,todaywearegoingtocontinueourdiscussionof

theparentingbehaviorsofbirds.

Andwearegoingtostartbytalkingaboutwhatareknownas

distraction

displays.

TPO11-L1Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.VariouspredatorsthatthreatenyoungbirdsB.VariouspatternsofgrowthinyoungbirdsC.OnewaythatbirdsprotecttheiryoungD.OnewaythatbirdsprovidefoodfortheiryoungTPO13-L3Whatisthemainpurposeofthetalk?ToinvestigatetheinformationknownaboutthetroubadoursToexplaintheroleofpatrioticpoetryduringmedievaltimesToexplainwhyopinionsaboutknightschangedduringthemedievalperiodTocomparetwodifferenttypesofmedievalpoems

Professor:OK.Sothetwopoemswearelookingattodayfallintothe

category

of

medieval

times,whichwashowlongago?如何听出主旨题的答案？拨开云雾型回顾上节课讲解理论背景故事或举例寒暄表示回顾的词：Lastclasswe’vebeentalkingabout…todaywe’llbefocusingon…Tocontinueourlastdiscussionabout…let’sconcentrateon…let’snowlookat…TPO1-L3whatisthelecturemainlyabout?ArtintheNeolithicperiodThesiteofaNeolithictownMethodsofmakingstonetoolsThedomesticationofplantsandanimalsbyearlyfarmer

Professor:OK,we’vebeentalkingaboutearly

agriculture

intheneareast.

Solet’s

concentrate

ononesiteandseewhatwecanlearnfromit.

Let’slookatCatalhoyuk.Ah…I’dbetterwritethatdown.Catalhoyuk,that’saboutascloseaswegetinEnglish.It’sTurkish,really.ThesitesinmoderndayTurkey,andwhoknowswhattheoriginalinhabitantscalledit.Anyway,uh…Catalhoyukwasn’tthefirstagriculturalsettlementintheneareast,butitwasprettyearly,settledabout9000yearsagointheNeolithicperiod.TPO3-L2Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?A.TodiscussthestyleofanearlyfilmmakerB.Todescribedifferenttypesoffilmmakinginthe1930sC.TodiscusstheemergenceofthedocumentaryfilmD.TodescribePainleve’sinfluenceontoday’sscience-fictionfilmsProfessor:Okay,we’vebeendiscussingfilmsinthe1920sand30s,andhowbackthen

film

categories,asweknowthemtoday,hadnotyetbeenestablished.

Wesaidthatbytoday’sstandards,manyofthefilmsofthe20sand30swouldbeconsideredhybrids,thatis,amixtureofstylesthatwouldn’texactlyfitintoanyoftoday’scategories,andinthat

context.

Todaywearegoingtotalkabout

afilm-makerwhobeganmakingvery

unique

filmsinthelate1920s.Professor:Now,James,yousaidyouhadbeentothe

State

ofMaine,right?

Student:Yeah,actuallyIlivedinwesternMaineuntilIwasaboutsixteen.

Professor:Great.Sowhydon’tyoutelleverybodywhatislikethereinthewinter?

Student:Thewinter?Well,it’scold.

Andthere’slotsofsnow,youwouldn’tbelievehowmuchsnowweusedtoget.

Professor:ActuallyIwould.

Idid

field

researchuptherea

coupleofwinters.

Anditreallyisan

incredible

environment.

Andto

survive

inthat

sort

ofenvironment,animalshaveto

adapt,to

evolve

in

response

totheirsurroundings.

Asyou

recall,an

adaptation

isanyfeature,um...

physical

or

behavioral

featureofa

species

thathelpsit

survive

and

reproduce.

Andinadaptingto

extreme

climates,likeMaineinthewintertime,animalscan

evolve

in

pretty

interestingways.

Take,forexample,thesnowshoehare.

Ok,thesnowshoehare,andof

course,that’sH-A-R-E,likearabbit.

TPO20-L4Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?Typicalfeaturesofthesnowshoeharethatdonotresultfromadaption.Variousstrategiesusedbysnowshoeharestofindfoodduringthewinter.Characteristicsthatsnowshoehareshavedevelopedinresponsetotheirenvironment.InteractionsbetweensnowshoeharesandhumanpopulationsinthestateofMaine.TPO2-L2Whydoestheprofessormentiongoingawayfortheweekend?TotelltheclassajokeToapologizefornotcompletingsomeworkTointroducethetopicofthelectureToencouragestudentstoaskabouthertripProfessor:Hi,everyone.

Goodtoseeyoualltoday.

Actually,Iexpectedthe

population

tobealot

lower

today.

Ittypicallyrunsbetween50and60percentonthedaytheresearchpaperis

due.

Um,Iwashopingtohaveyourexamsbacktoday,but,uh,thesituationwasthatIwentawayfortheweekend,andIwassupposedtogetinyesterdayatfive,

andIexpectedtofullycompletealltheexamsbymidnightorso,whichisthetimethatIusuallygotobed,butmyflightwasdelayed,andIendedupnotgettinginuntiloneo’clockinthemorning.

Anyway,I’lldomybesttohavethemfinishedbythenexttimewemeet.

OK.Inthelastclass,westartedtalkingaboutusefulplantfibers.

In

particular,wetalkedaboutcottonfibers,whichwesaidwereveryuseful,notonlyinthe

textile

industry,butalsointhechemical

industry,andintheproductionofmanyproducts,suchasplastics,paper,explosives,andsoon.

Todaywe’llcontinuetalkingaboutusefulfibers,andwe’llbeginwitha

fiber

that’scommonlyknownas“Manila

hemp.”正确选项特征：nottoogeneral,nortoospecific.correctlyimplytheorganizationofapassage:history,development,background,information,growth,origin,features,characteristics,invention,creation,innovation,evolution,era,trend,comparison,classification…havenoextremewords.干扰选项特征：toogeneral:anideathatisbeyondthefocusoftheconversationorlecturetoospecific:asupportingdetailinsteadofamainideainaccurate:nottrue,oronlypartiallytrue,accordingtothespeakersirrelevant:aboutsomethingthatthespeakersdon’tmentionTOEFLListeningDetailQuestionDetailQuestion细节题requirethelistenertounderstandandrememberexplicitdetailsorfactsthatareimportantasanexplanationoranexampleofthemainidea.Thesedetailsaretypicallyrelated,directlyorindirectly,tothegistofthetext,byprovidingelaboration,examplesorothersupport.细节题考察明确的重要细节，不考过度详细或与主旨不相关的细节；细节信息出现的形式分为：事实、解释、举例、支持内容与文章主题相关的内容。DetailQuestion细节题常见细节题问题形式asanexampleWhatdoestheprofessorsayaboutFrantzen’spaintingofafarmscene?Accordingtotheprofessor,whatchangehascauseduranium-leaddatingtogainpopularityrecently？WhatdoestheprofessorsayabouttheentrancestothehorsesinCatalhoyuk?asanexplanationWhydidFrantzengototheSalesBarn?Accordingtothecasestudy,whyaremarmotsidealforobservation?Whatreasondoestheprofessorgiveforthedifferenceinmarmotbehaviorpatterns?十大表层细节ExplicitDetails时间细节具体时间：年、月、季节历史事件代表的时间e.g.duringtheGreatDepression,aftertheCivilWar※不考具体时间，没有“when….?”的题目；只考该时间对应的事件十大表层细节ExplicitDetails2.地点细节国家名称山脉河流名称美国洲名地名，建筑物名※不考具体地点，没有“where….?”的题目；只考该地点发生的事件十大表层细节ExplicitDetails3.名词细节新名词，专有名词e.g.meme,MilankovitchHypothesis记住发音、首字母缩写重点听懂该名词的定义并记下来十大表层细节ExplicitDetails4.方位细节方位词：west,southeast方向词：upward,forward,clockwise,anticlockwise/counterclockwise※不作为考点，只辅助理解十大表层细节ExplicitDetails5.数字细节重点记住数字修饰的名词，即数字代表的含义e.g.age,surface,volume,diameter…大数字的记录：逗号原则※不对具体数字提问十大表层细节ExplicitDetails6.颜色形状细节熟悉常考的颜色、形状词汇e.g.circle,square,rectangle,ellipse/ellipticale.g.pinkishyellow,reddishmud※不考具体的颜色形状十大表层细节ExplicitDetails7.态度细节教授常对所讨论的对象作出评价形容词正/负态度语气十大表层细节ExplicitDetails8.人名细节熟悉常见人名发音常考：艺术家的风格特点；科学家的观点/实验/假说等记住人名对应的事件常出现其他人作为对比，重点听懂各人的区别十大表层细节ExplicitDetails9.双/三选细节注意听并列的原因，建议，结果，特点(信号句：e.g.Therearetworeasons…;…isdividedintothreecategories.)序数词、表示顺序的短语语气结构十大表层细节ExplicitDetails10.图片细节常出现图片的学科：生物学，植物学，地理学，地质学，气象学图片要素：大小，形状，颜色，方向，方位，特点等※基本不出题十大表层细节ExplicitDetails哪几个表层细节最重要？必考：时间地点人名专有名词

次重点：并列细节态度细节十大听题重点——出题点教授表示强调的内容，可被认为是“主要的观点”，容易出考点。interesting/amazing/surpri