写作语法一-五大基本句型+句子成分+名词性从句

基本的句子分类和句子核心成分简单句，复合句（用连词直接连接的两个完整的简单句，“串联句”），复杂句（主从复合句，“并联句”）不管是什么句子，既然叫做“句子”，那么意味着成分必须完整没有缺失。既然是句子，不管是主句还是从句，都必须有谓语动词。而且任何一个句子中，有且只有一个谓语动词。“非谓语动词”---v-ing现在分词，v-ed过去分词，to-do改错：Therearemanypeopleclaimthateducationisquitecrucialfortheyounggenerations.修改一：whoclaimthat…修改二：claimingthat…修改三：去掉thereare5大基本句型:简单句的分类主语+谓语（常常在后面接一个副词修饰谓语动词）Timeflies.//Iran.//Youjump;Ijump.主语+谓语+宾语Iwantyou.//Iborrowbooks.//Iloveyou.主语+系动词(可接名词和形容词):be动词+感官动词（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）+get/become/turn/grow/appear/fall(asleep)/keep/stay/remain/maintain/exist(thereexist…=therebe…)…+表语（主语补足语）主语+谓语+双宾语主语+谓语+复合宾语（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，宾语补足语是对宾语的进一步说明，一般是名词和形容词）Hegavemeabook.IcallhimJack.Ipushthedooropen.区别双宾语和复合宾语：双宾语的两个宾语之间没有必然的逻辑关系，而复合宾语的两个成分之间是有逻辑关系的，中间可以加be动词来进行甄别。句子基本成分的概念的建立和强化主语---是一句话的中心，整句话都谈它的情况。最简单的形式是名词。谓语---是主语的主要情况，可表示动作，也可表示状态。只能是动词。宾语---表示动作的承受者，也可表示动作的结果。最简单的形式就是名词。表语---也叫主语补足语，和系动词一道构成谓语。定语---修饰名词、代词。最简单的定语就是形容词：abeautifulflower//astandardizedtest状语---修饰动词、形容词或副词。最简单的状语就是副词：increaserapidly//extremelywealthy//verywell句子翻译练习：这个经济危机最初在美国爆发。Theeconomiccrisis//depression（衰退）brokeoutoriginallyinAmerica.跟他讲话就像对牛弹琴。Itis/seemslike/isliketalkingtoawall/deafthatwhenyoutalktohim.Itis…(主语)that/who…Takingtohimisliketalkingtoawall.//Seeingisbelieving.忽略这个事情可能会导致严重后果。Ignoring/Toignore/Theignoranceofthismattermayleadtoseriousconsequences.价格会升高是确定的。Theincreasingpriceiscertain.Anincreaseinthepriceiscertain.Itiscertainthatthepricewillincrease...iscertain.Thepricewillincrease.Thatthepricewillincreaseiscertain.=Itiscertainthatthepricewillincrease.送小孩出国留学对于不少家庭来说是个沉重的经济负担.Itisaheavyeconomicfinancialburdenthatsendingchildrentostudyabroadformanyfamilies.大学生做兼职可以减轻父母的经济负担。减轻：lessen/alleviate//release政府应该意识到他们的首要职责(primaryresponsibility)是帮助人民消除贫困(poverty/impoverishment)、疾病(illnesses)和文盲(illiteracy)。Literacy/numeracyskills=beequippedwithbasicliteracyandnumeracyskills有文化，有基本的文化素养这个观点是年幼的孩子比青少年更容易掌握一门语言。Thispointofviewisalanguagethatyoungerchildren…句型：主系表Thispointofviewisthatitiseasierforyoungerchildrentomaster/acquire/haveagoodgraspofalanguagethanteenagers.表语从句Thereisafactthat…同位语从句Somepeoplebelievethat…宾语从句Thatitiseasierforyoungerchildrentomasteralanguagethanteenagersisobvious.=Itisobviousthat…主语从句名词性从句：表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句、主语从句考官范文例题：Somepeoplethinkthatparentsshouldteachchildrenhowtobeagoodmemberofsociety.Others,however,believethatschoolistheplacetolearnthis.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.P1Achild’seducationhasneverbeenaboutlearninginformationandbasicskillsonly.Ithasalwaysincludedteachingthenextgenerationhowtobegoodmembersofsociety.Therefore,thiscannotbetheresponsibilityoftheparentsalone.P2：Inordertobeagoodmemberofanysocietytheindividualmustrespectandobeytherulesoftheircommunityandsharetheirvalues.Educatingchildrentounderstandtheneedtoobeyrulesandrespectothersalwaysbeginsinthehomeandiswidelythoughttobetheresponsibilityofparents.Theywillcertainlybethefirsttohelpchildrenlearnwhatisimportantinlife,howtheyareexpectedtobehaveandwhatroletheywillplayintheirworld.可以作主语/宾语/表语/同位语的所有成分名词TheeconomiccrisisfirstbrokeoutintheUnitedStates.动名词短语doing文段里面的句子，或：Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.带to不定式todosthToignorethismighthaveseriousconsequences.主语从句:分三种形式由that引导的主语从句她成为一个艺术家主要是由于他父亲的影响。Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.价格将会上升是一定的。Thatpriceswillgoupiscertain.//Itiscertainthatpriceswillgoup.由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句:连接代词包括who，which;连接副词包括when，why，how，whether他什么时候回来很大程度上取决于天气。Whenhewillbebackdependsmuchonwhether.这是怎样做的是一个谜。Howthiswasdonewasamystery.派谁去还没有决定。Whoistobesenttherehasn’tbeendecided.我们能够成功还要拭目以待。Whetherwewillsucceedremainstobeseen.由关系代词what引导的主语从句你应该做的是选择一家公司进行投资。Whatyoushoulddoistochooseacompanytoinvestin.P3:However,learningtounderstandandsharethevaluesystemofawholesocietycannotbeachievedjustinthehome.Onceachildgoestoschool,theyareenteringawidercommunitywhereteachersandpeerswillhavejustasmuchinfluenceastheirparentsdoathome.Atschool,childrenwillexperienceworkingandlivingwithpeoplefromawholevarietyofbackgroundsfromthewidersociety.Thisexperienceshould（教他们如何相互合作以及如何对他们的社区做贡献）___________________________________________________________________________________________表语从句例子：这个问题是谁应该对发生了的事情负责。同位语从句：Thereisnodoubtthattrafficandpollutionfromvehiclesbecomehugeproblems,bothincitiesandonmotorwayseverywhere.Wereceivedamessagethathewouldbeabsent.I’veexpressedtheopinionthatshecanact.Ihavenoideathatyourhusbandwasopposedtomyvisit.Hecametoseeherinthebeliefthathewillbewelcome.Thereisarumorthatyouhaveresigned.限定性定语从句同位语从句That前面的名词没有限制，基本上所有的名词都可以用定语从句常见为一些特定的名词，比如idea,notion,concept,news,concern等功能

限定一个名词的范围Thisisanideathatwedonotsupport.(限定idea，也有其他的idea是我们支持的)解释一个名词Wedefytheideathatauniversitydegreeisthepredictorofone’ssuccess.(解释idea的内容是“大学学历是成功的必要因素”)结构that在从句中一般要充当一个成分，如上句中that充当从句动词support的宾语从句一般是一个完整的句子名词性从句的相互转换(市面上流传的各种套句很多都是同位语从句结构)Wecannotdenythefactthat...同位语从句Wecannotdenythat...宾语从句Itisundeniablethat...主语从句,it做形式主语，原来的语序是That…isundeniable.Whatwecannotdeny(主语从句)isthat…Theundeniablefactisthat…表语从