适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习高考题型组合练Unit3Careersandskills课件牛津译林版选择性必修第四册

Unit3

CareersandskillsⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠ.阅读理解A“Iknowwhentogoout,andwhentostayin.”,EnglishrockstarDavidBowieonceconfidentlysanginhishitsingle.Whenitcomestoconsumingfood,thedecisivenessclaimedbythesinger-songwriterishardtoachieve.Idisagreewiththestatementandargueit’sbettertoeatoutthantoorderhomedelivery.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTobeginwith,whensettingfootinarestaurant,we’reimmediatelygreetednotonlybyaserverreadytoseatus,butbyafloodofphysicalfeelings—theeyestakeintheinternaldecorationoftheplace,thenosebreathesinthepleasantsmellofexpertlyplatedfoodandtheearspickuponcompetingsoundsofcustomerchatterandattractivein-storemusic.Toeatoutistoexperienceanatmosphereuniquetoeachrestaurant.Somethingasspecialasthatsimplycan’tbereproducedbyorderinghomedelivery.Eatingoutis,withoutdoubt,themoreexcitingandthusbetterchoice.ⅠⅡⅢⅣEatingoutbecomesevenmoreappealingwhenstayinghomeprovestoopainful.Whetheritisbecauseweneedatemporaryfightfromourfamilyorthatwesimplywanttospendsomequalitytimeoutsidewithlovedones,goingoutforamealcanbeabreakfromthehardlabourofdomesticliving.Wecouldtakeitasanopportunityforself-care—totreatourselvesbydressingup,arrivinginstyleatafancyrestaurantandorderingaslightlymoreluxuriousmealtorefreshourwearysoul.Orderinghomedeliverywouldonlycontributetofeelingsofbeingpennedinwhileeatingoutisanescapeforthetrappedindividual.Fooddeliveryappusersreasonit’satroubleandlessconvenienttodressupandeatout.ⅠⅡⅢⅣHowever,it’sworthnotingwemaynotalwaysgetourfoodinthemostsatisfactoryconditionwhenoptingforhomedelivery.There’sariskofreceivingfoodorderswithmissingitemsorevenentirelywrongordersthatcan’tbesentback.Whatwesacrificeforconveniencemightjustwindupbeinginconvenient.Consequently,itmakesmoresensetoeatoutratherthanriskdisappointmentbyorderinghomedelivery.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较,告诉读者“在外面吃饭”是更好的选择。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ1.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkabout?A.Diningoptions.

B.Cuisineculture.C.Consumptionlevel. D.Foodcategories.√推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I

disagree

with

the

statement

and

argue

it’s

better

to

eat

out

than

to

order

home

delivery.”和最后一段中的“Consequently,it

makes

more

sense

to

eat

out

rather

than

risk

disappointment

by

ordering

home

delivery.”可知,作者在文章中把“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较,认为在外就餐更有意义。由此可知,作者主要谈论了用餐选择问题。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.Whatadvantageofeatingoutishighlightedinparagraph2?A.Qualityservice. B.Comfortandconvenience.C.Sensoryenjoyment.D.Areasonablemixofnutrition.√ⅠⅡⅢⅣ推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To

begin

with,when

setting

foot

in

a

restaurant,we’re

immediately

greeted

not

only

by

a

server

ready

to

seat

us,but

by

a

flood

of

physical

feelings—the

eyes

take

in

the

internal

decoration

of

the

place,the

nose

breathes

in

the

pleasant

smell

of

expertly

plated

food

and

the

ears

pick

up

on

competing

sounds

of

customer

chatter

and

attractive

in-store

music.”可知,第二段强调了外出就餐可以让眼睛、鼻子和耳朵等感官都获得享受。由此可知,第二段强调了外出就餐的好处是可以获得感官上的享受。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoforderinghomedelivery?A.It’squitepricy.B.Itmayletconsumersdown.C.Itmaycausefoodwaste.D.It’snotenvironmentally-friendly.√ⅠⅡⅢⅣ推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There’s

a

risk

of

receiving

food

orders

with

missing

items

or

even

entirely

wrong

orders

that

can’t

be

sent

back.What

we

sacrifice

for

convenience

might

just

wind

up

being

inconvenient.Consequently,it

makes

more

sense

to

eat

out

rather

than

risk

disappointment

by

ordering

home

delivery.”可知,作者认为点外卖面临着物品丢失或订单错误的风险,这会让我们感到失望。由此可知,作者认为点外卖送到家可能会让消费者失望。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Howisthetextdeveloped?A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Byfollowingspaceorder.C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Byanalyzingmentalprocesses.√推理判断题。通读全文内容可知,作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较,告诉读者“在外面吃饭”的好处。由此可知,文章是通过作比较而展开的。ⅠⅡⅢⅣBAsanycatownerwilltellyou,talkingtoyourcatistotallynormal.Andeventhoughfeline(猫)friendsmayseemdistanttotheseadoringtalks,anewstudyinAnimal

Cognitionsuggeststheyarereallylistening.ResearchersinFranceexposedhousecatstorecordingsoftheirownerorastrangersayingphrasesincat-orhuman-directedspeech.Likebabytalk,cat-directedspeechistypicallyhigherpitchedwithshort,repetitivephrases.Theteamfoundthatfelinestendedtoreacttotheirownerspeakingincat-directedspeech—butnottotheirownerspeakinginadulttonesortoastrangerusingeitheradult-orcat-directedspeech.ⅠⅡⅢⅣPreviousresearchhadshownsimilarfindingsindogs,butmuchlessisknownwhenitcomestocats.“Somepeoplestillconsidercatsindependent—youcannothavearealrelationshipwithcats,”saysleadstudyauthorCharlotteMouzon,acatbehavioristattheUniversityofParisNanterre.Somepeoplemightbeembarrassedaboutusingspecialvocalizationsforcats,shesays,butthisresearchshows“peopleshouldn’tbeashamed”.ⅠⅡⅢⅣMouzonandherteamrecorded16catownerssayingsuchas“Doyouwanttoplay?”or“Doyouwantatreat?”incat-andhuman-directedspeech.Thentheyfilmedeachcatbefore,duringandafterplayingitaseriesofrecordingsofitsownerandotherowners’speech.Theresearchersusedsoftwaretoratethecats’reactionsfrommultipledimensions,makingtheresultmoreconvincing.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ“Althoughcatshaveareputationforignoringtheirowners,agrowingbodyofresearchindicatesthatcatspaycloseattentiontohumans,”saysKristynVitale,acatbehaviorscientistatUnityCollegeinMaine,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Catscanlearnthatspecificspeechhascertainmeanings.”Butshenotesthestudyistoosmallandthatfutureworkisneededtoexpandtheresearchtoothercatpopulations.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项法国研究认为和宠物猫用特殊语调说话是有效的,会受到宠物猫的关注。以往研究只在狗身上展示出类似结果,这是首次在猫身上进行,具有里程碑意义,并需要进一步从其他角度进行扩展。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatdohousecatsrespondobviouslyto?A.Theowner’scat-directedtone.B.Astranger’shuman-directedtalks.C.Astranger’scat-directedrecordings.D.Theowner’shuman-directedspeech.√细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The

team

found

that

felines

tended

to

react

to

their

owner

speaking

in

cat-directed

speech—but

not

to

their

owner

speaking

in

adult

tones

or

to

a

stranger

using

either

adult-

or

cat-directed

speech.”可知,宠物猫明显对主人的猫式语气反应明显。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vocalizations”meaninparagraph3?A.Strategies.B.Trainings.C.Sounds.D.Rhymes.√词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Some

people

might

be

embarrassed

about

using

special

vocalizations

for

cats,she

says,but

this

research

shows‘people

shouldn’t

be

ashamed’.”可知,有些人可能会因为对猫使用特殊的声音而感到尴尬,画线单词的意思为“声音”。故选C项。

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.WhatmakesMouzon’sfindingsmorereliable?A.Continuousfilmingofcats’responses.B.Comprehensiveanalysesbackedbysoftware.C.Multi-dimensionalevaluationsofcats’habits.D.Furtherreferencetopreviousstudiesondogs.√细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Then

they

filmed

each

cat

before,during

and

after

playing

it

a

series

of

recordings

of

its

owner

and

other

owners’

speech.The

researchers

used

software

to

rate

the

cats’

reactions

from

multiple

dimensions,making

the

result

more

convincing.”可知,该研究有计算机软件支持,从多方面对猫的反应进行了综合分析使得Mouzon的研究更加可靠。故选B项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ8.WhatisthelimitationofMouzon’sresearch?A.Lackofsampletypes.B.Absenceofowners’support.C.Absenceofscientifictools.D.Lackofexperts’involvement.√推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But

she

notes

the

study

is

too

small

and

that

future

work

is

needed

to

expand

the

research

to

other

cat

populations.”可知,虽然试验对猫有一定参考意义,但未来的研究还需要拓宽样本的数量和种类。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.七选五Beinglateisatendencythatsomepeoplecannotseemtoshake.Manyfactorscontributetocontinuallateness,includingtimeperception,timemanagementandpersonality.Weallknowsomeonewhoneverseemstobeontime,whetherit’stoalunchdateoraworkmeeting.

1

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ“Itislikelythatthere’samechanisminthebrainthatcausessomepeopletobelateformeetingsbecausetheyunderestimatethetimeitwilltakethemtogetthere,”HugoSpiers,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondontoldLive

Science.

2

Researchsuggeststhatneuronsinthehippocampus(海马体)actingas“timecells”contributetoourperceptionandmemoryofevents,butwhyexactlysomepeoplecontinuallyunderestimatetimeisunclear.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣOnefactormaybehowfamiliarwearewithaspace.Forthe2017study,

Spiersasked20studentswhohadnewlymovedtoLondontosketchamapoftheircollegedistrictandestimatetraveltimestodifferentdestinations.Thestudents’spaceestimatesexpandediftheyknewanareawell.

3

“Ifyou’reveryfamiliarwithaspace,youstarttodiscountthetroubleitwilltake,”Spierssaid.

Anotherenvironmentalfactormaybecrowdedness.Ina2022studyinthejournalVirtual

Reality,researchersaskedparticipantstoestimatethelengthofmoreorlesscrowdedsimulated(模拟的)subwaytrips.Theyfoundthatcrowdedcommutesfeltliketheytook10%longerthanlessbusyrides.

4

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

5

Certaincharacterfeatures,suchasreducedconscientiousness(责任心),cancausesomepeopletoforgettasksthattheyhadplannedaheadoftime.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣA.Personalityalsoplaysaroleinrunninglate.B.Thatwaslinkedtoitbeinganunpleasantexperience.C.Wemaketimeestimatesbasedonhowurgentthetasksare.D.However,theirestimatesoftraveltimecontractedwithfamiliarity.E.Butisthereagoodexplanationforwhysomepeoplearealwayslate?F.Aregionofthebrain,calledhippocampus,processessomeaspectsoftime.G.That’sbecausepeoplewhorunlatetellthemselvesandotherstheycanbepunctual.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了为什么有些人似乎从不准时,无论是午餐约会还是工作会议。1.E

根据空前内容“We

all

know

someone

who

never

seems

to

be

on

time,whether

it’s

to

a

lunch

date

or

a

work

meeting.”可知,有些人从不准时。而下一段开始解释人们为什么不准时。E项“But

is

there

a

good

explanation

for

why

some

people

are

always

late?”承上启下,符合上下文内容。故选E项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.F

根据空后内容“Research

suggests

that

neurons

in

the

hippocampus

acting

as‘time

cells’contribute

to

our

perception

and

memory

of

events,but

why

exactly

some

people

continually

underestimate

time

is

unclear.”可知,空后解释了海马体的作用。F项“A

region

of

the

brain,called

hippocampus,processes

some

aspects

of

time.”提出海马体这一概念,与空后内容呼应。故选F项。3.D

根据空前内容“One

factor

may

be...”可知,如果学生对一个地区很了解,那么他对空间的估计也会扩大。D项“However,their

estimates

of

travel

time

contracted

with

familiarity.”与上文内容保持一致,指的是如果学生对一个地区很了解,那么他就会对自己去某个目的地花费的时间做出不精准的估算。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.B

根据空前内容“In

a

2022

study...”可知,如果通勤拥挤那么参与者对于时间的估计就会长些。B项

“That

was

linked

to

it

being

an

unpleasant

experience.”解释了为什么如果通勤拥挤,参与者对于时间的估计就会长些。故选B项。5.A

根据空后内容“Certain

character

features,such

as

reduced

conscientiousness,can

cause

some

people

to

forget

tasks

that

they

had

planned

ahead

of

time.”可知,空后讲述的是性格也会导致人们迟到。A项“Personality

also

plays

a

role

in

running

late.”与下文保持一致。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.语法填空Asnightfell,thesummerheatfadedaway.OntheplaygroundofanelementaryschoolinZunyi,GuizhouProvince,nearly200childrenandteachers1.

(sit)ontheirstools(凳子)towatchthemovie1921,2.

givesanaccountofthefoundingoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

Infrontofthemwasalargewhiteprojector(放映机)screen3.

(tie)totwobamboopoles.Formostofthechildren,itwasthefirsttimeintheirlivesthatthey4.

(watch)amovieonsucha“giant”screen,asthereisnocinemainthevillage.

satwhichtiedhad

watchedⅠⅡⅢⅣXuLongsheng,a21-year-oldfromBeijingNormalUniversity,andfourof5.

(he)fellowstudentsworkedasprojectionists.Althoughthestoryissetagainstacomplexbackgroundcontainingmanyhistoricalfigures,

mostofthechildrenwerestill6.

(attract)toit,askingthecollegestudentsalotofquestions.

hisattractedⅠⅡⅢⅣTheeventispartofaproject,“TakingMoviestotheCountryside”,whichwas7.

(recent)launchedbyBeijingNormalUniversityandtheChinaFilmArchive.Theuniversityisscheduled8.

(send)12teamsofstudentsandteacherstoaround50ruralareas,withZunyibeingthefirststopandGanzhouinJiangxiProvinceasthenextdestination.Theprojectaimstoimproveaesthetic(美学的)education9.

ruralareas,aswellasprovidingthestudentsmajoringineducationwith10.

opportunitytogetatasteoftheirfuturecareer.

recentlyto

sendinanⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了由北京师范大学和中国电影资料馆联合发起并主办的“电影下乡”项目,该项目旨在改善农村地区的审美教育,并为教育专业的学生提供一个体验未来职业的机会。1.sat

考查动词的时态。结合上下文可知,此处是描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填sat。2.which

考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the

movie

1921,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。3.tied

考查非谓语动词。动词tie和screen之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填tied。4.had

watch