2023年12月英语四级押题密卷（NO.3）解析

Part Dear①I’mverygladtoreceiveyourlettertellingmethatyouarereadytostartyourjobhut.Asfortheadviceonhowtomakeyourresumedistinctive,Iwilltrytomakesomepracticalsuggestions.②Tobeginwith,③justasthesayinggoes,“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”Soisitwhencomingtopreparingforyourresume,asnoemployerwantsaliarworkinginhiscompany.④Tocontinue,yourresumeshouldbeconcise,presentingpersonalinformation,togetherwithashortsummaryofyourprofessionalexperience.Don’tdressupyourresumeasifitwereabookorpartofabook,becausenoonewantstoscanthroughpagesoflong-windedcharacters.⑤Lastbutnotleast,itisoftenworthwhiletoprepareseveraldifferentresumesstressingdifferentaspectsofyourselfsoastomakethemparticularfordifferentjobsthatyou’reseeking.⑥IbelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccountseriouslyandIhopeyouwillfindthesesuggestionsuseful.WishyoueverysuccessinyourjobSincerely2总结来信内容，概述问题，引出自己TobeginwithTocontinue,Lastbutnotleast引出三条不同的建议，concise简明的，简洁的dressup盛装打扮，修饰scanthrough浏览，粗略地看long-winded冗长的stress

Part ListeningNewsReportA16-year-oldboywasarrestedafterthecarhewasdrivingploughedintothewallofahouse,seriouslyinjuringtwoteenagegirlsastheywalkedalongtheroadwithfriends.Theteenagerwasconfinedafterthevehicle,believedtohavebeenstolen,veeredontothepavementinLongsight,Manchester.(1)AgroupoffourgirlswerewalkingalongElsdonRoadwhenthecarcrashedintothreeofthem.Thevehiclethendroveoveragardenbushandsmashedintothewallofahouse.Twogirls,bothaged16,wereseriouslyinjuredinthecrashandathirdwasleftwithbruising.ThetwoseriouslyinjuredteenagersweretakentotheManchesterRoyalInfirmary,withonesufferingabrokenarmandtheotherafracturedhip.(2)Policewerecalledtothesceneanda16-year-oldwasarrestedonsuspicionoftheftofamotorvehicleanddrivingabovethelegallimitofacontrolleddrug.Shockedeyewitnessesreportedhearinga“loudbang”andcamerushingoutoftheirhousesandsawtheaftermathofthesmash.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustHowmanypeoplewereinjuredinthecaraccident?Whatcanwelearnabouttheboy?NewsReportAhandhelddevicecanidentifycanceroustissuein10seconds,accordingtoscientistsattheUniversityofTexas.Theysayitcouldmakesurgerytoremoveatumourquicker,saferandmoreprecise.Testssuggestthetechnologyisaccurate96%ofthetime.TheMasSpecPentakesadvantageoftheuniquemetabolismofcancercells.Theirfuriousdrivetogrowandspreadmeanstheirinternalchemistryisverydifferenttothatofhealthytissue.Thechallengeforsurgeonsisfindingtheborderbetweenthecancerandnormaltissue.Insometumoursitisobvious,butinotherstheboundarybetweenhealthyanddiseasedtissuecanbeblurred.Thepenshouldhelpdoctorsensurenoneofthecancerisleftbehind.Removetoolittletissue,andanyremainingcancerouscellswillgrowintoanothertumour.Buttaketoomuch,andyoucancausedamage,particularlyinorganssuchastheLiviaEberlin,anassistantprofessorofchemistryattheUniversityofTexas,Austin,said:“What’sexcitingaboutthistechnologyishowclearlyitmeetsaclinicalneed.Thetooliselegantandsimpleandcanbeinthehandsofsurgeonsinashorttime.”Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustWhatisthisnewsreportmainlyabout?Whatchallengedosurgeonsface?NewsReportFornearly200years,scientistshavewonderedabouttheGiantRedSpotonJupiter.Thisweek,picturesoftheplanetshowdarkcloudsmovingaround,andthrough,alargeredovalcentre.Thesearetheclosestimageshumanshaveeverseenofthespotonthegiantgas(5)America’sspaceagencyNASAsenttheJunospacecrafttoJupitertogatherscientificdataonthesolarsystem’sbiggestplanet.OnMondayJunoflewovertheGiantRedSpot,whichisastormlargerthanourplanetEarth.Firstobservedin1830,scientiststhinkitmaybemorethan350yearsold.(6)Thestormmeasures16,350kilometerswideandappearstobegettingsmaller.Boltonsaid,“itwilltaketimeforthescientiststoprocesstheinformationJunoissendingbacktoEarth.(7)NASAhopestheinformationwillalsotellthemwhatisunderneaththestorm.”JunowaslaunchedonAugust5,2011fromCapeCanaveralinFlorida.Thespacecraftwillcontinueflybystogetmoreinformationforscientiststolearnabouttheplanert.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustWhydidNASAsendtheJunospacecrafttoJupiter?WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthestormonJupiter?WhatdoesNASAwanttoknowfromtheinformationJunoissendingback?SectionConversationOneM:Hi,Sarah!I’mAdleyBoardman.Wespokeonthephone.W:Ohyes,Iremember.M:(8-1)ItsaysonyourCVthatyoudovoluntaryW:(8-2)Well,whenIhavetime,yes!Idoworkatacentreforchildrenwithdifficulties.M:Thatmustbeveryinteresting.M:Sarah,canyoutellusalittlebitaboutyourcurrentposition?W:I’massistantsalesdirectorforachainoflanguageschools.M:(9-1)Sothispostwouldbequiteachangethen.W:(9-2)Idon’tthinksohonestly,becausetheskillsarethesame,despitetheproduct.M:Whyareyouthinkingofmovingon?W:Well,I’vecomeasfarasIcaninmycurrentposition,Ifeel,andI’m28nowandwouldlovetotakeonsomemoreM:(10-1)HowwouldyoudealwitharapidlychanginganduncertainglobalW:(10-2)OK,that’sactuallysomethingIwantedtotalkaboutinmypresentation…butI’dsaytostayflexibleandtodiversifymarketsandsalesstrategies.M:Ok,canyoutellusaboutatimeyouclosedaparticularlychallengingW:Well,thebiggestcontractIwonwaswithalargeuniversityinIndia,toprovidelanguagetraining.Thecontractwasfulloftechnicalitiesandtheclientwasverypicky!ButIstillpulleditoff.M:(11-1)OK.DoyouhaveanyquestionsforW:(11-2)Yes.It’saboutyourethicalpolicyandyourcarbonfootprint.Iwaswonderingwhetheryouareplanningtoreduceyourcarbonfootprintandwhetherallyourproductsareethicallysourced?M:That’saverygoodquestion,andthat’ssomethingwe’removingtowardsattheQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustWhatdoesthewomansayabouthervoluntarywork?Whatisdifferentbetweenthewoman’scurrentjobandthepostsheisapplyingfor?Whatshouldtheydowhenfacinganuncertainglobalmarketaccordingtothewoman?Whatdoesthewomanconcernaboutthispost?M:Hello,everyone.(12-1)TodaywehaveLindaForbusfromtheDepartmentofTransport,andsheisheretotalkaboutatypicallyBritishwaytotravel.W:(12-2)Ah,yes.It’sonabus—or,tobeexact,onreddouble-deckerbus.Double-deckerbusesarebusesthathavetwolevels—anupstairsandadownstairs.Youseetheminothercountriestoo,butforlotsofpeopleareddouble-deckerbusisatypicalLondonsight.M:Actually,ifyouthinkaboutaredLondonbus,(13)you’reprobablythinkingaboutonespecialkindofdouble-deckerbuscalledtheRoutemaster.Theonethat’sopenattheback.W:That’sright.Yougetontothebusattheback—thereisn’tadoor;itisopen.M:Andyoucanjustjumponoroffthebus.(14)Bitdangerous.W:Yeah,abit.But,infact,wedon’treallyhavethattypicalreddouble-deckerRoutemasterbusanymore.M:Yeah,wedo—Isawonethismorning.W:Well,wedostillhavethemononeortwobusroutesrightinthecentreofLondonbutIthinkthat’ssortofatouristthing,really.Busesnowadaysaremostlynewdouble-deckers.They’restillred—ortheverylongsingle-deckerbuses—theoneswecallbendybuses.M:Oh,yeah,Idon’tlikethosebendyW:(15)Butthey’remucheasiertogetonforpeoplewheelchairs,ormumswithbabiesinpushchairsoroldpeoplewhocan’twalkverywell.ThatwasoneofthemainreasonsthattheystoppedusingtheRoutemasterbuses.M:Ohright,Ididn’tknowW:Sopeopleliketoseetheold-fashionedRoutemasterbusesandtouristsliketoseethemtoo,butit’sprobablybettertotravelonthenewbuses—they’redefinitelymorecomfortable.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustWhatarethespeakerstalkingabout?WhatisspecialabouttheRoutemaster?WhatdoesthemanthinkoftheToutemaster?WhatwasthemainreasonthatbendybusesreplacedtheRoutemaster?SectionPassageWhenmammalsfirstbegantogrowlarger,someofthemevolvedintotheearliestancestorsofhorses.(16)ThefirsthorsesevolvedinNorthAmerica.Theywereaboutthesizeofdogs.Theyhadthreetoes,livedinjunglesandatefruit.(17)Around20millionyearsago,somehorsesevolvedtoliveonthegrasslandofcentralNorthAmerica.Thesehorseshadonebigtoeandsmallersidetoes,andtheyhadlonglegssotheycouldrunfasttoescapefromtigersandwolves.Theywerebigger,andtheyhadtheireyesonthesideoftheirheads,insteadofinfront.Byabout17millionyearsago,theseplainshorseswereeatinggrassinsteadoffruit.SomeNorthAmericanplainshorsesusedtheirlonglegstorunsouthtoSouthAmericaabout10millionyearsago.About5millionyearsago,theNorthAmericanplainshorsesevolvedintomodernhorses.SomeofthemranacrosstheSiberianlandbridgetoCentralAsia,wheretheymusthavebeenhappytofindthousandsofmilesofgrasslandthattheycouldliveon.(18)SomeoftheseAsianhorsesslowlyspreadsouthacrossAsiaandAfrica,evolvingintodonkeys.OthersstayedontheCentralAsianplains,wheretheylearnedtoeatapplesandcarrots.Sometimearound10,000BC,horsesdisappearedinbothSouthAmericaandNorthAmerica.Probablythisbecausehumanshuntedandkilledthemall.InCentralAsia,however,horsescontinuedtothrive,andpeopletamedthemabout4,000BC.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustWhatcanwelearnabouttheearliestancestorsofhorses?Whatarethecharacteristicsofhorsesabout20millionyearsagoincentralNorthAmerica?WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutsomeAsianhorses?PassageCollegeisanexcitingword,butalsoaterrifyingone.Aftermonthsofendlessapplications,emotionalacceptancesandrejections,anddifficultdecisions,you’refinallyreadytopackyourbagsandgo.(19)Asyourdeparturedatedrawscloser,you’reprobablysufferingfromsomeseriouspre-collegeanxiety.You’llhavetomakenewfriends,adjusttonewacademicexpectationsandlearnhowtoliveawayfromhome.(20-1)Whenyou’renervousaboutsomething,thebestwaytofeelbetteristotalktosomeonewho’sbeenthroughitandsurvived.Andnomatterwhereyoulive,therearesuretobetonsofcollegestudentscominghomeforthesummer.Evenifyoudon’thaveclosefriendswhoareincollege,therearestillplentyofpeopleyoucantalkto.Forexample,friendsofyourolderbrothersorsisters,peoplewhowereintheschoolmusicalsocietywithyouorplayedonthesamesportsteam,etc.(20-2)Ifyouworkasummerjob,thereareprobablycollegekidsbeingaroundsomewhere.Let’sseeifyoucanstartupaconversationwiththemwhileyou’reeatingicecreamoronbreak.Thesestudentsareyourmostreliableresourceforwhatcollegeisreallylike,fromschoolworktoclubstodiningtoparties.(21)Remember,though,thateverycollegeisdifferent,andthattraditionsandcustomsatyourfriends’schoolswon’tnecessarilyapplytoyourexperience.Justbecauseyourfriend’sentireschoolparticipatesinanakedmidnightrundoesn’tmeanyou’llhavetodothesame!Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustWhatmightoneworryaboutbeforegoingtocollege?Whatcanonedotoreducenervousnessbeforegoingtocollege?Whatdoesthespeakersuggestintheend?PassageHowmanyplasticcarrierbagshaveyougotinyourhouse?Theshoppingbagisjustoneexampleofthemillionthingsweusemadefromthisusefulmaterial—plastic.(22)Butunfortunately,it’snottheeasiestthingtorecycleandthisiscausinganenvironmentalproblem.Someofoureverydayplasticitemsblowaway,causingdamagetothenaturalenvironmentandharming(23)Theproblemismostacuteinouroceans.Astudydescribedhowremoteislandsactasasinkfortheworld’srubbish.Theybecomecollectingpointsforfishingitemsandeverydaythingsthatwethrowaway.Becauseofthedurablenatureofplastic,itstaystherecausinggreatdamagetotheocean’secology.Someotherrecentworldwideresearchestimatesthat90%ofallseabirdshaveswallowedplastic.Andworsestill,thisplasticisbrokendownintotinyparticlesoveralongperiodbythewindandthewaves.(24)Thenseacreaturesatthebottomofthefoodchaintakeinthem.Thesecreaturesareeatenbythefishthatweeventuallyconsume.Thesolutiontothisproblemwouldbetouselessplastic.Severalcountriesnowchargeforusingplasticcarrierbags,whichreducestheamountused.Someproductsnowusenaturalandrecyclablematerials.(25)Butitseemsinevitablethatplasticwillcontinuetobenecessaryinmanyofthegadgetsthatwedemand.Sonexttimeyoupickupacarrierbag,orbuyaplasticbottleofwater,spareathoughtforthebirdsandanimalsontheislands.Whatdoyoudotohelptheenvironment?Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustWhatistherootcauseofplasticitemscausingenvironmentalproblems?Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemofplasticitemsinoceans?Howaretinyplasticparticlestakeninbyhumans?Whatcanwelearnaboutplasticfromthepassage?Part ReadingH）intensifying（使）增强，（使）加剧；I）limited限制，规定；J）minimize最小化，把……降至最低；L）optimizes使最优化，使尽可能有效；M）rate评价，认为……非常好形容词：B）abundant充裕的，丰富的；I）limited有限的，有限责任的；N）remedial补救的纠正的副词：K）occasionally偶然，有时候；O）ultimately最后，最终D）decline“降低，减少”为本题答案。unlessactions，因此应填入一个形容词修饰从句的主语N）remedial“补救的，纠正的”为本题答案。H）intensifying“（使）增强，（使）加剧”为本题答案。To不难得出空格所在部分是一个目的状语，故空J）minimize“最小化，把……减至最低”为本题答案。sssas..asbedtheof，因此空格处应填入名词。此处介绍的是导致健康、多产的提低减B）abundant“充裕的，丰富的”为本题答案。G）expense“花费，代价”为本题答案。随着时间的推移，土地生产力下降，这会导致土地被撂荒并最终土地沙漠化，因此O)ultimately“最后，最终”为Section本文主要分析了工作何保证完美小睡方面B)~L)[G]InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience,[G]InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience,researcherstestedsubjectsontheirperceptualperformancefourtimesthroughouttheday.Performancedeterioratedwitheachtest,butsubjectswhotooka30-minutenapbetweentestsstoppedthedeteriorationinperformance,andthosewhotooka60-minutenapevenreversedit.36.Participants’perceptualperformancebecamebetteraftersleepingonehourbetweentestsinanarticleinNature译文：在《自然神经科学》中的一篇文章提到，实验对定位：由题干中的peceualperfoance和NauNeuroscenceG处。60分钟的人的感知力发生了逆转，也就是睡了G）为答案。[M]Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied紧密相连)toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology,butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.38.Ourtalentiscloselyboundtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/7.724小时可以被联系到。[Q][M]Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied紧密相连)toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology,butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.38.Ourtalentiscloselyboundtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/7.724小时可以被联系到。[Q]Still,Mr.Siegelsaid,“theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight’ssleep.”TherealHolyGrailofrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight,whichexpertssayisoptimal.37.JeromeSiegelfoundthatonlybysleepingsoundlythroughthepreviousnightcouldpeopletackletheirwearinessduringtheday.JeromeSiegelthepreviousnight定位Q）段画线处。到原文M)段。[B]Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos-likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk-thatwe’retaughttolookdownon.Ifsomeonenapsat2p.m.whiletherestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemails,surelyitmustmeanthey’reslackingoff().Orsotheassumptiongoes.39.TakinganapatworkisnormallyregardedaslazinessthatshouldbeheldincontemptandavoidedinTakinganap[B]Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos-likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk-thatwe’retaughttolookdownon.Ifsomeonenapsat2p.m.whiletherestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemails,surelyitmustmeanthey’reslackingoff().Orsotheassumptiongoes.39.TakinganapatworkisnormallyregardedaslazinessthatshouldbeheldincontemptandavoidedinTakinganapatworklazinessslackingoff；题干中的heldincontemptlookdownonB）为答案。[J][J]Forexample,Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-minutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It’sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep,ornon-rapideyemovement(R.E.M.)sleep.40.Between20to60minutes,peoplecangetintonon-REMsleepwhichmayimprovememoryandlearningabilityaccordingtoDr.20to60minutes,non-REMsleepDr[E]Tobesure,theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread,expertssaid.Fewamongushavetheluxuryofbeingabletostepawayforahalf-hoursnoozefest.Butlunchhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout,andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiring41.Peoplecandozeoffatlunchandcoffeebreaksanddefendedthemselvesbysayingtheirimprovedproductivityandalertnesswhenbossesinvestigatedtheirwhereabouts.alertnessbosses[E]Tobesure,theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread,expertssaid.Fewamongushavetheluxuryofbeingabletostepawayforahalf-hoursnoozefest.Butlunchhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout,andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiring41.Peoplecandozeoffatlunchandcoffeebreaksanddefendedthemselvesbysayingtheirimprovedproductivityandalertnesswhenbossesinvestigatedtheirwhereabouts.alertnessbossesE)段画线处。[T]Soifyou’vemadeitthisfarandyou’reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here’saquickguidetotheperfectnap;Findaquiet,unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon’tbeTrytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeep[T]Soifyou’vemadeitthisfarandyou’reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here’saquickguidetotheperfectnap;Findaquiet,unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon’tbeTrytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp.too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou’relikelytowakewithsleepinertia睡眠惰性)，whichwillleaveyouevengroggier头脑昏沉的42.Theauthor’stipsontakingaperfectnapinvolvesleepingplace,environmentandduration.涉及睡觉地点、环境和持续时定位：由题干中的tips[N]“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,”Mr.Bersinsaid.“Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools,moreemails,moreSlack,morechatter,andwe’lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.[N]“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,”Mr.Bersinsaid.“Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools,moreemails,moreSlack,morechatter,andwe’lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey’vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem,anditisaffectingproductivity,engagement,health,safety,wellnessandallsortsofthings.”43.Theauthorbelievesbusinessleadersareawarethatavailabilityatanytimeduetotechnologyhasnegativeeffectsoneveryaspectofpeople’slife.effectsN)画线处。[K]After60minutes,youstartgettingintoR.E.M.sleep,mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep,dreamingstateweallenjoyatnightR.E.M.sleepcanimprovecreativity,perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking,whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas,Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat,yourbestbetisa90-minutenap,whichwillyouafullsleep44.Theoptimallengthofanapwasanhourandahalfsothatpeoplecouldgothroughacompletesleep定位：由题干中的anhourandahalfacompletesleepcycleK)段画线处。theybusinessleaders；this[K]After60minutes,youstartgettingintoR.E.M.sleep,mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep,dreamingstateweallenjoyatnightR.E.M.sleepcanimprovecreativity,perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking,whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas,Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat,yourbestbetisa90-minutenap,whichwillyouafullsleep44.Theoptimallengthofanapwasanhourandahalfsothatpeoplecouldgothroughacompletesleep定位：由题干中的anhourandahalfacompletesleepcycleK)段画线处。[D]Companiesaresufferingfromtremendousproductivityproblemsbecausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday,saidJoshBersin,PrincipalandFounderofBersinbyDeloitte.“They’rebeginningtorealizethatthisistheirproblem,andtheycan’tjustsaytopeople,‘Here’sawork-lifebalancecourse,goteach