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TOZEROANDBEYOND
EEBATEAMZER
ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy
2019-2020InventoryofresidentialprojectsonthepathtozerointheU.S.andCanada
INTRODUCTION
TEAMZEROisproudtopresentthislandmarkreportdocumentingsix
yearsoffindingsandobservationsfrominventoryingzeroenergy(ZE)residentialdesignandconstructionactivityintheUSandCanada.Hereinweofferyou—ourcontributors,
allies,andfans—ourmostrecentdataalongwithafewnuggetsofinsightderivedfromthissix-year—andcounting!—researchproject.
Thedatawehavecompiledsinceourmodeststartin2015haveenabledustotracknotonlythe
volumeandgrowthofresidentialZEdevelopment,butalsotodiscernpatternstothisgrowthand
identifyleadinggeographicareas,keyinfluences,keytechnologies,andpowerhouseplayersinthisstillnascentsectorofthebuildingindustry.
Alongtheway,webelievewehavesucceededinprovidinginspirationtoaspiringZEpractitioners,proofoftheviabilityofZEconstructionasavalid
businessproposition,andconfidenceto
policymakersthatincentivizingZEhomebuildingwasareasonableandrightpathway.
Overtime,wehavealsobeenabletoprovidemorecustomizedlensesonourdataforpublicagencies,non-profits,corporations,andresearch
institutionsaboutZEdevelopmentinareasofparticularinteresttothem.(Pleaseemail
aaron@
ifyouwouldlikemoreinformationaboutcustomizeddataqueries.)
Eachyear,wewanttoknowmore!Westruggletoweighthevalueofgatheringmoreinformation,
whilenotwantingtooverburdenourcontributors.Thisyear,curiositywon,andweaskedjustabitmoreabouttheZEprojectsweinventoried.
First,inresponsetothephenomenalgroundswellintheenergycommunityaroundtheconceptofdecarbonization,andmorespecifically,all-electricbuilding,itbecameimperativeforustofindout
WeatTEAMZEROofferourheartfeltthankstoallyouwhohaveinvestedyourtimeandenergyto
assistincompilingthisinventory.YourpioneeringeffortsandwillingnesstoshareinformationarethelifebloodoftheZEmovement.YouaretheZEROHEROESwhoaresteeringthehousingindustrytothenecessarynewnormal!
Allourannualreportscanbedownloadedat/inventory-of-zero-energy-homes
howZEhomesarebeingfueled.Seewhatwelearnedaboutthatonpage11.
Wewerealsocuriousaboutwhatfractionof
inventoriedhomesalreadyincludesolarenergy(asopposedtobeingreadyforsolar,havingachievedZElevelsofefficiency),aswellasotherkeyenergytechnologiesthatareincreasinglyfoundinZE
projects.Thoseresultsarealsoshownonpage11.
Asthecombinationofonsitesolarenergyand
batteriesmakeitevermorefeasibletoapproachoff-gridperformance,wedecidedtoextendourreachintothatcategory,too;thefewoff-grid
projectswenettedaretalliedonpage10.
Andlastly—butcertainlynotleastimportantly—it’slongpasttimeweacknowledgednotjustthedevelopersandbuildersofZEhomes,butalsotherockstararchitectswithoutwhomtheseprojectswouldn’thappen.Wesalutethemostprolific
designersonpage7.
Despiteaskingmoreofyouonour
dataintake
forms
,wehaveimprovedourdatacollection
process.Anumberofitemshavebeenclarified,andwesimplifiedthedatarevisionprocessfor
contributorsgraciousenoughtoupdateprojectstheyhavepreviouslyreported–e.g.,withchangesinstatus,suchasfromindesigntocompleted.
(Wealsooffermoresupportforcontributorswhohavelargeprojectportfolios.)
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy2
AFEWNOTESABOUT
OURFINDINGS:
1.Withinthisreport,weusetheterm“zero
energy”expansively.Whileitsuggests
precision,infact,sincetheinceptionofthis
projectin2015,wehavesoughttoincludeall
residentialZEdevelopmentsthataredesignedtoachieveenergyperformanceintherealmofzero.Allprojectsdesignedwiththisaim
contributetocreatingacleanenergyfutureandhelpusunderstandhowZEhousingmarketsintheUSandCanadaareevolving.
2.Forreasonsstatedbelow,TEAMZEROdoesnotrepresentanyoftheinformationcontainedhereintobehighlypreciseordefinitive;itis,rather,
indicativeoftheZEactivityintheUSandCanada.
3.Theinventoryreliesonindividualstoreportontheirprojects’performancebasedontheirbestunderstandingofourcategorydefinitions
(page13);wedonotverifytheperformanceofindividualprojects.
4.WebelievethattheZEhousingstockis
considerablylargerthanthisinventoryreports.Weknowwecan’tpossiblyreachevery
designer,builder,developer,orownerofaZE
home,andovertimeexpectthatweare
actuallycapturinglessoftheoverallZEactivitybecause,asZEactivityincreases,the
communitybecomesmorediffuseandthereis
moreandmorespontaneousengagementwithZEbyindividualsandorganizationswho
gravitatetothisworkspurredbynewsmedia,andnotnecessarilybydirectexposuretootherZEpractitioners.Theyhaven’tyetfoundus,sowedon’tknowthem,andtheyhaven’theard
abouttheinventory.Allofthisisgood–it
suggestsstronglythatZEiscatchingonevenfasterthanweknow.
5.Thebulkofthisreportfocusesonunitsin
design,inconstruction,andcompleted,
omittingunitsintheplanningstage.Thisis
becausedevelopmentprojectsinplanningarehighlyuncertain.Somemaynevercometo
fruition;othersmaytakemuchlongertobe
realizedthantheirdeveloperseverimagined.Asnapshotofprojectsintheplanningstageisgivenonpage12.
6.Numericdiscrepanciesmayappearfromyeartoyear,becausetheinventoryisdynamic.
Projectionschange,errorsarefoundand
corrected,andourstakeholdersupdatetheirprojectinformation.
7.BecauseoftheimpactsofCOVID-19thispastyear,wehaveextendedourdatacollection
effortforthiscurrentreportfrom2019-Q2to2020-Q3,andnamedthisreportaccordingly.
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy3
13,905UNITS
22,146UNITS
27,965UNITS
+26%
FINDINGS
Whiletherateofgrowthhasslowedcomparedwithprioryears,theincreaseinthenumberofZEunitsremainsveryhealthy,withatotaljustshyof28,000—upfromalittle
over22,000in2018.
+82%
741PROJECTS
4,077BUILDINGS
+22%
+33%
8,203UNITS
+56%
1,153PROJECTS
+49%
6,059BUILDINGS
+70%
408PROJECTS
3,339BUILDINGS
6,177UNITS
2015
2016
2017
PROJECTS
1,629
+41%
+17%
7,059BUILDINGS
+59%
2018
PROJECTS
1,851
+14%
+11%
7,739BUILDINGS
2019-20
THISYEAR’SNUMBERSYIELDSEVERALNOTEWORTHYFINDINGS:
We’veseenasignificantupwardbumpinenergyperformance(page10)—thezero-energy
categorygainednearly10%overlastyear,
climbingupfrom29%ofunitsto38.6%,with
mostofthatincreasereflectingaclimboutoftheZE-readycategory.Netpositiveunitsdroppedabit,however,from4.5%to2.2%.
Projectsizeisrelativelystable(page6)—theaveragesingle-familydevelopment(excluding
one-homeprojects)comprises24homes,vs.26lastyear.Theaveragemulti-familyprojecthas62units,comparedwith59lastyear.
ThemultifamilyshareinCanadaisholding
strongat90%ofallZEunits,comparedwith
73%intheUS(page5)—notableinasmuchasCanadaismuchlesspopulousthantheUS,thismayreflectaheavierconcentrationofZEactivityinurbanareas.
Inthetwocountriescombined,multifamily
projectsnowrepresent75%ofthetotalZE
residentialstock—thisisamodestgainoverlastyear(71%)butbearsouttheyear-over-yeartrendofincreasingmultifamilydominanceIntheZE
marketplace.
Therearesomenewcontendersandsomepositionleapsamongthetop20cities
(page5)—CaliforniacitiesRichmond(#6),Los
Angeles(#13),SanJose(#14),andEscondido
(#18)appearinthetop20forthefirsttime(406,338,326,and292units,respectively);Denver
jumpedto#5(709units,vs.265lastyear)—
givingColoradoaniceboosttofifthlargestZE
state;andSacramentohasreclaimedapositionintheranks(#19,with290units).
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy4
3
Tie
8
3
19
1
6
16
14
2
9
5
10
13
18
16
15
11
20
●5,000+Units
●
1,000-4,999Units
●100-999
Units
12
7
Tie
●10-99Units
●0-9Units
10%
27%
Multi-familyUnits
Single-familyUnits
UnitedStates
●
●
Canada
90%
73%
THEGEOGRAPHYOFZERO
TOP20ZEROENERGYCITIESBYNUMBEROFUNITS
1.London,ON
2001
2.NewYork,NY
1811
3.Davis,CA
759
3.Vancouver,BC
759
5.Denver,CO
709
6.Richmond,CA
406
7.Honolulu,HI
389
8.Portland,OR
378
9.Philadelphia,PA
367
10.Washington,DC
356
11.SanDiego,CA
352
12.Austin,TX
347
13.LosAngeles,CA
338
14.SanJose,CA
326
15.Clarksdale,AZ
323
16.Bronx,NY
308
16.ChinoValley,AZ
308
18.Escondido,CA
292
19.Sacramento,CA
290
20.NationalCity,CA
268
SPECIALKUDOSTOHONOLULUANDWASHINGTON,
DC—THEONLYTWOLEADINGCITIESNOTINTHETOP
TENSTATES
MULTI-FAMILYUNITS
SINGLE-FAMILYUNITS
TOTALUNITS
CANADA
3,070
348
3,418
USA
17,876
6,671
24,547
TOTAL
20,946
7,019
27,965
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy6
5,274
24%
15,707
71%
MULTI-UNITPROJECTS
AREZEMAINSTAY
Themoststabletrendoverthelastseveralyearsisthedominanceofbothsingle-familyandmultifamilyprojectsoftwoormoreunits.
Thesemulti-unitprojectsrepresented94%ofthetotalZEstockin2017,95%in2018,andonceagaincomprise95%ofalltheunitsinthisyear’sinventory.Theremainingprojectsarethosethatconsistofjustonehome.
ThecleartakeawayisthatnearlyallofresidentialZEconstructionactivityisdrivenbythebusinessofhomebuilding,andnotbyprivateindividuals.
ZEisnotacustomniche!
MULTI-UNITVS.SINGLE-UNITPROJECTS,2017-2019
LEGEND
SINGLE-FAMILYHOMES
UNITSIN
SINGLE-FAMILYMULTI-UNITPROJECTS
UNITSIN
MULTI-FAMILYPROJECTS
852
6%
4,730
34%
8,323
60%
2017
1,164
1,274
5%
5%
5,745
20%
20,946
75%
2018
2019-20
SHOREROAD
E
BN
VER
RID
R
O
A
D
LOGANSRUN
OXFORDSTREET
KAINSROAD
SHOREROAD
WESTDELBOURNE
ZESTAR
PROJECTS
SiftonPropertiesstillholdsclaimtothelargest
projectinthe
inventory,
reporting1,900multifamilyunitsat
West5Phase
2
,nowunder
constructioninLondon,Ontario(Canada).
Multi-unitprojectsthisyear
accountfor26,688oftheinventorytotalof27,965units:
.20,943inmultifamilyprojects,withanaverageof62units
.5,745insingle-familyprojects,withanaverageof24units
Thelargeprojectsfeaturedatrightare
emblematicoftheconsistentyear-over-year
leadershipofthreegeographicregions,asthemaponpage5reveals:
.USSouthwestanchoredbyCalifornia(#1),Arizona(#4),Colorado(#5),andTexas(#10)
.NewYork(#2)plusOntario,Canada(#3),
Pennsylvania(#7),andMassachusetts(#8),anchoringtheNortheastUS/SouthernCanada
.BritishColumbia(#6),Oregon(#9),andWashington(#15),makingupthePacificNorthwest
Apartments
MoveIn
2021
FUTURERESIDENTIAL
RETIREMENT
RESIDENCEAND
APARTMENTS
TownhomesMoveIn
NOW
2019
TOWNHOMES
helio
Apartments
MoveIn
2020
PARKSANDPATHWAYS
HIGHRISE
APARTMENTS
Building
OpeningSummer
2019
LEGACY
SQUARE
ResidentialandRetail
Retail
THESIFTONCENTRE
OXFORDSTREET
RECREATIONCENTRE
LEASING
NOWOPEN
OAKWEST
ANIMALCLINIC
FUTUREGROCERY
SOLARPARKADE
NOWOPEN
Thelargestcompletedprojectis
WestVillageattheUniversity
ofCalifornia–Davis
,with662zeroenergyready,multifamily
unitsofstudenthousing.
MandalayHomesisholdingontothetitleforthelargest
single-familyproject:323ZEreadyhomesunderconstructionatMountainGate,Clarkdale,AZ.Mandalay’sleadershipcontinuestocrownArizonasovereigninsingle-familyZEdevelopment,
with17projectstotaling1,153units,or79%ofArizona’s1,458single-familyZEhomes.Thelargestcompletedsingle-family
projectisalsoinArizona:CapstoneHomes’240-homeFlagstaff
MeadowssubdivisioninBellemont(zeroenergyready).
SenderoVerde,adevelopmentunderconstructioninEastHarlem,
NewYork,byL+MDevelopmentPartners,JonathanRose
Companies,andAcaciaNetwork,isclosebehindUCDavis’sWest
Village,with650units.Phase1,designedbyHandelArchitects,
justtoppedoutinlateNovember2020(
detailshere
).
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy7
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy8
TOP10ZEROENERGYSTATES/
PROVINCESBYNUMBEROFUNITS
OR
552
794
BC
869
CO
1,311
CA
10,959
ON
2,225
NY
3,332
AZ
1,603
MA
PA705
TX
540
Thetoptenstatesand
provincesallheldtheir
ownthisyear,withone
minorchange–Colorado
madeajumpupfrom
seventhplaceto#5.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
STATE/
PROVINCE
CA
NY
ON
AZ
CO
BC
PA
MA
OR
TX
Allothers
SUMOF#UNITS
10,959
3,332
2,225
1,603
1311
869
794
705
552
540
5,075
WITHZEPROJECTSIN:
NO.OFPROJECTS
ZEROENERGYROCKSTARS
TOP10ARCHITECTSBYNUMBEROFPROJECTS
ZeroEnergyDesignMA,NJ,CT,VT,RH,RI22
DeltecHomesNC,MN,AK,SC11
MarkenDesign+ConsultingBC,NB
8
GreenHammerDesignBuildOR,WA
7
BaxtInguiArchitectsNY
6
GVIInternationalTX
6
LanefabDesign/BuildBC
6
CKArchitectsCT
5
DanielSmithandAssociatesCA
5
Pill-MaharamArchitectsVT
5
TOP20BUILDERS/DEVELOPERSBYNUMBEROFUNITS
UNITSSTATE/PROVINCE
2,001
1,281
1,192
1,002
841
797
762
662
649
614
487
422
408
389
362
358
351
346
344
340
SiftonProperties
CorporationForBetterHousingMandalayHomesInc.
HandelArchitects
ThriveHomeBuilders
AffirmedHousing
DancoCommunities
CarmelPartners-UCDavisCommunityHousingWorksMRKPartners
ONIONFLATS
BridgeHousingCorporation
BrunsRealtyGroup
TeshaMalama
PalmCommunities
Recollective
PlanetGreenergy
ThriveCollaborative
Transformations,Inc.
FXCollaborative
ONCAAZNYCOCACACACACAPACANYHICABCFLCOMA
NY
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy9
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy10
PERCENTAGE
OFUNITS
BYENERGY
PERFORMANCE
Inournewlyaddedcategoryofoff-gridhomes,
atotalof3unitswasreported,allsingle-
family—toofewtoshowupinthecirclegraphs
below.
.A1%652.951%50%.1%61.7.57381%79%.561638.6%01225.%%20
ZEROENERGYREADYZEROENERGYNETPOSITIVE
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy11
SOLARHW(17)
NEWDATA
HereweshowsomemorenewinformationfromourZEprojectreporters—howthey’refuelingtheirprojectsandwhatspecial
energyfeaturesthey’reincorporating.
Becausefuelsandenergysystemfeaturesarenewdatarequeststhisyear,these
graphsrepresentasmallsubsetofallthe
projectsintheinventory,yetnevertheless
revealinterestingpatterns.
ALL-ELECTRIC
(198)
PELLETS(1)
PROPANE(11)
GEOTHERMAL(4)
WOOD(15)
NATURALGAS(66)
PVs(286)
(1)
(4)
BATTERY(25)
EV(67)
CHARGING
(13)
(12)
(12)
ZEFEATURES
298responses(projects):
.96%includephotovoltaics(PVs)
.22%includeelectricvehicle(EV)charging.8%includebatteries
.6%includesolarwaterheating
FUELTYPES
.4%includePVs,EVcharging,andbatteries
287responses(projects):
.69%all-electric
.23%electric+naturalgas
.5%electric+wood
.4%electric+propane
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy12
UNITSANDPROJECTSBYPHASE
Asnotedearlier,mostofthenumberscitedthroughoutthisreport
representonlyprojectsthatareinthefirstthreeofthefollowingphasesofdevelopment:
1.Completed
2.UnderConstruction
3.InDesign
4.Planned
Anadditional30,726residentialunitswerereportedtobeintheplanningphase—only129morethanlastyear.We’renotentirelysurewhatto
makeofthis,butwithZEcontinuingtoshowstronggrowthoverall,it’sreasonabletoconcludethatwe’recapturingonlyafractionoftheZEplanningpipeline.
RESIDENTIALZEROENERGYPIPELINE
Hereweshowthecurrentinventorybreakdownbyphase,forbothunitsandprojects:
COMPLETED
17,148UNITS
1,556
PROJECTS
UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
6,460191
UNITSPROJECTS
INDESIGN
4,357104
UNITSPROJECTS
PLANNED
30,72638
UNITSPROJECTS
BACKGROUND
ZEROENERGYBASICS
Insimplestterms,azeronetenergybuildingisonethatproducesasmuchrenewableenergyasit
consumeseachyear—the“net”referringtotheannualbalancebetweenenergyproductionandenergyconsumption.Innon-technicalcontexts,manypractitionersaremigratingtothemore
conversationalterm,“zeroenergy.”
Themostcommonrenewableenergysourcefora
zero-energyhomeisaphotovoltaic(PV)array,typicallyroof-mountedbutoccasionally
freestandingonthebuildingsite.
However,zeronetenergyisachievedbyworkingonenergyreduction,aswellasonenergy
production.Thusahighdegreeofenergy
efficiencyisatthecoreofzero-energyprojects;
withoutthatfoundation,fewprojectswouldhavespaceforaPVarraylargeenoughtomeettheirannualenergyneeds.
PROJECTCATEGORIES
“Zero,”intheory,isanabsolute,yettherealityisthatmanyhomes,althoughtheymaynotachievethatabsolutegoal,aredesignedaspartofthe
largermovementtowardszeroenergy,andwecanlearnfromallofthem.Soweincludedallofthem.
Thetableatrightdescribesourinventory
categoriesandhowtheyrelatetoanumberofZEprograms.Inallcases,wehavereliedon
DESCRIPTION:DOCUMENTATIONMUSTSHOWTHATTHE
RENEWABLEENERGYSYSTEM…
QUALIFYINGPROGRAMS
NetProducer
Supplies110%ormoreoftheannualenergydemand
<ILFINetPositiveEnergy
ZE
Supplies100%ormoreoftheannualenergydemand
<ILFIZeroEnergyBuildingCertification
<LEEDZeroCarbon-Operational
<LEEDZeroEnergy-Operational
<ThousandHomeChallenge(THCmustdesignateprojectasZE)
ZE-ready
Cansupply90%ormoreoftheannualenergydemand(orcould,if/when
renewableenergyisaddedorsystemcapacityisincreased);AND/ORenergyusedataarenotavailable
Allprogramsthatrelyonmodeledratherthanmeasuredenergyperformancefallintothiscategory.
<DOEZERH
<EarthAdvantageNetZero&NetZeroReady
<LEEDZeroCarbon-Design
<LEEDZeroEnergy-Design
<NGBSGreen+NetZeroEnergy
<PHI‘Classic’,‘Plus’&‘Premium’
<PHIUS+
<ThousandHomeChallenge
self-reporteddatafromouronlineinventoryformtocategorizeprojects.
Therearemanymore“solarhomes”thanzero-
energyhomes—wherePVsystemswereaddedtorelativelyinefficienthomes,anddon’tcomeclosetomeetingthehomes’annualenergy
demands.
Therearealsoprojectstoutedaszeronetenergythatareactuallyonlyzeronetelectricity—thatis,otherenergysources(e.g.,naturalgas,propane,or
solidfuels)usedinthebuildingsarenot
accountedforintheenergybalance.
LEEDandvirtuallyallotherNorthAmericangreenbuildingprogramsaddressenergyefficiencyand/orrenewableenergyinsomefashion,butjustafewexplicitlyidentifyorrewardzeroenergy
projects.Thosethatdid,in2015,assistedindevelopingtheprojectcategoriesusedinourinventoryanddatabaseproject.
Note:Although“zeroenergy”suggestsprecision,theinventorysoughttoidentifyallresidentialZEprojectsdesignedto
achieveenergyperformanceintherealmofzero.Allprojects
designedwiththisaimimportantlycontributetocreatinga
cleanenergyfuture,andtoourunderstandingofthemarketforZEdevelopmentintheUSandCanada.
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy13
TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy14
WHOISTEAMZERO?
SincepublicationofthelastInventory,TEAMZERO,formerlytheNetZeroEnergyCoalition,hasjoinedforceswiththeEnergy&EnvironmentalBuildingAlliance(EEBA)toformaunifiedorganizationwiththesharedgoalofsustainable
markettransformationtowardsafuturewithZEROhealthimpact,ZEROenergy,andZEROcarbonhomes.
TEAMZEROVISION
Thebuiltenvironmentisapositiveassetonthecarbonbalancesheetoftheplanetby2050
.Newbuildingstozeronetoperatingcarbonby
2030
.Existingbuildingstozeronetoperatingcarbonby2050
.Integratebuildingsintoanoptimizedenergygrid.Eliminateembodiedcarboninbuildings
.Encouragepositiveenergybuildingsthatcanpowerelectricvehicles
TEAMZEROMISSION
Toun
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