青岛科技大学外国语学院《630基础英语》历年考研真题汇编

目录

2012年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研

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2011年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研

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2010年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研

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2009年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研

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2008年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研

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2007年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研

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2006年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研

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2005年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研

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2012年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研真题

青岛科技大学

二○一二年硕士研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：基础英语

注意事项：1．本试卷共四道大题（共计60个小题），满分150分；

2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该

试题卷上或草纸上均无效。要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；

3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡

PartIVocabularyandGrammar.Fillintheblankwiththewordorphrase

thatyouthinkisthemostappropriatefromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.(30

points)

1.Themanagervowedtorevengethe______insultofhiscompeting

counterpartyesterday.

A.calculatedB.outrageousC.intentionedD.selfish

2.Almostanysolid______canbecalleddustifitislightenoughtofloatin

theair.

A.wasteB.spotC.MetalD.speck

3.Weheardwolves______mournfullysomewherenearbyinthecomplete

darknesswhenwecampedintheforestlastweekend.

A.barkingB.roaringC.howlingD.growling

4.Thesweaterheboughtlastweek______afterhewashedit.

A.shrankB.shortenedC.decreasedD.lessened

5.Asaresultofsluggishbusiness,thebossofthecompanyisurginghis

clerkstobe______withelectricity.

A.economicsB.economicalC.stingyD.thrifty

6.Theministerhastoprovideavery______explanationforthenewmedical

carereform.

A.compulsoryB.comprehensiveC.sophisticatedD.understanding

7.Theyselltheirmilitaryequipmenttowhoeverneedsitwiththe______

purposeofmakingprofit.

A.onlyB.uniqueC.singularD.sole

8.Noonebelievedthatsuchalittlegirlcould______thethingswellahead.

A.reconcileB.suspectC.forsakeD.anticipate

9.Tom’slecturewascarefuland______buthiswordsdidnotseemtomake

muchsense.

A.distinctB.distinguishedC.distinguishableD.distinctive

10.Themost______ofallOlympiceventsisthedecathlon(asports

competitionwith10differentevents).

A.creativeB.excitedC.gruesomeD.grueling

11.Asit______theeffectsofhightemperatures,rheniumisavaluable

ingredientincertainalloys.

A.resistsBwithholdsC.reducesD.discharges

12.InancientChina,thunderwasbelievedtobeamanifestationofthe

______ofthegods.

A.spiritB.powerC.wrathD.sorrow

13.TheAfricanqualityofhismusicis______intheartthatpeopleofhis

generationenjoyed.

A.inbornB.ingrainedC.impregnatedD.included

14.Iaminno______thiseveningtolistentohissillyjokes.

A.feelingB.attitudeC.moodD.tendency

15.Theyoungscientistbecameknownforhis______intothedistributionof

thewildspeciesinthispartoftheregion.

A.examinationB.expositionC.researchD.account

16.AssoonasWorldWarIIended,Einsteinurgedthatatomicenergy

______topeacefuluses.

A.beputB.isputC.willbeputD.wouldbeput

17.You______thewashing-up.Iwouldhavedoneitforyou.

A.needn’thavedoneB.didn’tneedtohavedone

C.weren’ttoD.mustn’thavedone

18.Theprofessorisverybusy______fortheexaminationnow.Pleasecome

againatsomeothertime.

A.preparingB.preparedC.beingpreparedD.toprepared

19.Nexttimewegohouse-hunting,remember______theagentforvery

cleardirections.Iwastedhours______thelasthouse.

A.toask;tolookforB.toask;lookingfor

C.asking;lookingforD.asking;tolookfor

20.Itisacommonexpressiontocharacterizesomethingas“lightasair”,but

airis______“light”.

A.soB.ratherC.hardlyD.somewhat

21.Thestoutfellowoverthereis______thegreatmagicianCharlieSteward,

himself.

A.nootherthanB.noneotherthanC.nootherthanD.noonebut

22.Inthenewmovieshewore,______wasveryuncommoninthecountry,a

scarletcoat.

A.whatB.thatC.ofwhatD.the

23.RobinsonCrusoewashungry______humancompanionship.

A.forB.aboutC.ofD.with

24.Amongallthestudentsinthisclass,Tonyisthequickestone______

figures.

A.toB.forC.inD.at

25.I’mveryhopeful______passingthecourse.

A.forB.aboutC.inD.on

26.Hewaslaid______forsixweekswithtwobrokenribs.

A.awayB.downC.byD.up

27.Thepopulation______theirflagstocelebratethereturnoftheir

victoriousteam.

A.hungoutB.hungtogetherC.hungbehindD.hungover

28.Asacitizenitisimportantto______withyourneighbors.

A.keepinB.keepoffC.keepoutD.keepon

29.Thegovernmenthas______newmeasurestocombatinflation.

A.broughtinB.broughtaboutC.broughtonD.broughtup

30.Theideaofabalanceddietisverydifficultto______toanyonewho

knowslittleaboutfoodvalues.

A.putthroughB.putacrossC.takeinD.makeover

PartIIReadingComprehension(40points)

Readthefollowingessaycarefully,andthen,answerthequestionsinSection

A,B,C,andD.

HowtoAvoidFoolishOpinions

1．Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmankindisprone,no

superhumangeniusisrequired.Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyou,notfrom

allerrors,butfromsillyones.

2．Ifthematterisonethatcanbesettledbyobservation,makeityourself.

Aristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavefewer

teeththanmenbysimplyaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhile

hecounted.Hedidnotdosobecausehethoughtheknew.Thinkingthatyou

knowwheninfactyoudon’tisafatalmistake,towhichweareallprone.I

believehedgehogseatblackbeetles,becauseIhavebeentoldthattheydo;

butifIwerewritingabookonthehabitsofhedgehogs,Ishouldn’tcommit

myselfuntilIhadseenoneenjoyingthisunappetizingdiet.Aristotle,

however,waslesscautious.Ancientandmedievalauthorsknewallabout

unicornsandsalamander;notoneofthemthoughtitnecessarytoavoid

dogmaticstatementsaboutthembecausehehadneverseenoneofthem.

3．Manymatters,however,arelesseasilybroughttothetestofexperience.

Ifyouhavepassionateconvictionsonmanysuchmatters,therearewaysin

whichyoucanmakeyourselfawareofyourownbias.Ifanopinioncontrary

toyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignthatyouaresubconsciously

awareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.Ifsomeonemaintains

thattwoandtwoarefive,orthatIcelandisontheequator,youfeelpity

ratherthananger,unlessyouknowsolittleofarithmeticorgeographythat

hisopinionshakesyourowncontraryconviction.Themostsavage

controversiesarethoseaboutmattersastowhichthereisnogoodevidence

eitherway.Persecutionisusedintheology,notinarithmetic,becausein

arithmeticthereisknowledge,butintheologythereisonlyopinion.So

wheneveryoufindyourselfgettingangryaboutadifferenceofopinion,beon

guard;you’llprobablyfind,onexamination,thatyourbeliefisgoingbeyond

whattheevidencewarrants.

4．Agoodwayofridingyourselfofcertainkindsofdogmatismistobecome

awareofopinionsheldinsocialcirclesdifferentfromyours.WhenIwas

young,Ilivedmuchoutsidemyowncountry,andIfoundthisveryprofitable

indiminishingtheintensityofinsularprejudice.Ifyoucan’ttravel,seekout

peoplewithwhomyoudisagree,andreadanewspaperbelongingtoaparty

thatisnotyours.Ifthepeopleandthenewspaperseemmad,perverse,and

wicked,remindyourselfthatyouseemsotothem.Inthisopinionboth

partiesmayberight,buttheycan’tbothbewrong.Thisreflectionshould

generateacertaincaution.

5．Forthosewhohaveenoughpsychologicalimagination,itisagoodplan

toimagineanargumentwithapersonhavingadifferentbias.Thishasone

advantage:themethodisnotsubjecttothesamelimitationsoftimeand

space.MahatmaGandhideploredrailwaysandsteamboatsandmachinery;he

wouldhavelikedtoremovetheeffectofthewholeoftheindustrial

revolution.Youmayneverhaveanopportunityofactuallymeetinganyone

whoholdsthisopinion,becauseinWesterncountriesmostpeopletakethe

advantagesofmoderntechniqueforgranted.Butifyouwanttomakesure

youarerightinagreeingwiththeprevailingopinion,you’llfinditagood

plantotesttheargumentsthatoccurtoyoubyconsideringwhatGandhi

mighthavesaidinrefutationofthem.Ihavesometimesbeenledactuallyto

changemymindasaresultofthiskindofimaginarydialogue,andshortof

this,Ihavefrequentlyfoundmyselfgrowinglessdogmaticandcocksure

throughrealizingthepossiblereasonablenessofahypotheticalopponent.

6．Beverywaryofopinionsthatflatteryourself-esteem.Bothmenand

women,ninetimesoutoften,arefirmlyconvincedofthesuperiorexcellence

oftheirownsex.Thereisabundantevidenceonbothsides.Ifyouareaman,

youcanpointoutthatmostpoetsandmenofsciencearemale;ifyouarea

woman,youcanretortthatsoaremostcriminals.Thequestionisinherently

insoluble,butself-esteemconcealsthisfrommostpeople.Weareall

persuadedthatourownnationissuperiortoothers.Seeingthateachnation

hasitcharacteristicmeritsanddemerits,weadjustourstandardofvaluesso

astomakeoutthatthemeritspossessedbyournationarethereallyimportant

ones,whileitsdemeritsarecomparativelytrivial.Here,again,therational

manwilladmitthatthequestionisonetowhichthereisnodemonstrably

rightanswer.Itismoredifficulttodealwiththeself-esteemofmanasman,

becausewecannotargueoutthematterwithsomenon-human.Theonlyway

Iknowofdealingwiththisgeneralhumanconceitistoremindourselvesthat

manisabriefepisodeinthelifeofasmallplanetinalittlecornerofthe

universe,andthatforaughtweknow,otherpartsofthecosmosmaycontain

beingsassuperiortoourselvesaswearetojelly-fish.

SectionA.Answerthefollowingquestions.(15%)

31.Thetitleofthisessayisanadaptationofaphasefromitsfirstparagraph.

Isthereanyotherphraseinthefirstparagraphwhichcouldbeusedtomake

upagoodtitlefortheessay?Ifso,whatisit?

32.Whatarethe“simplerules”whichtheauthorsuggestsinhisessay?What

aretheexamplesdoestheauthorusetoillustratehisrulesrespectively?

33.What,intheauthor’sopinion,isthedifferencebetweenknowledgeand

opinion?

34.ThereisonestatementinPara.2whichisironical,i.e.itmeansthe

oppositeofwhatitappears.Whatisthestatement?

35.“Theauthor’smainpointisthatweshouldnotbelievestronglyin

anything.”Isthiscorrect?Ifso,whydoyouagreewiththeauthor?Ifnot,

howwouldyouchangethestatement?

SectionB.Readtheshortextractgivenbelowandanswerthequestionsby

choosingthebestalternative(a,b,c,d)undereach.(10%)

“Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignthatyou

aresubconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.If

someonemaintainsthattwoandtwoarefive,orthatIcelandisonthe

equator,youfeelpityratherthananger,unlessyouknowsolittleof

arithmeticorgeographythathisopinionshakesyourowncontrary

conviction.”

36.Thesecondsentence______

(a)simplyaddsafurtherpointtotheargumentalreadystatedinthefirst

sentence.

(b)illustratesthepointmadeinthefirstsentence.

(c)buildsuptheargumentofthefirstsentencebyrestatingitfromthe

oppositepointofview.

(d)makesthemainpointwhichhasonlybeenintroducedbythefirst

sentence.

37.Ifsomeoneelse’sopinionmakesusangry,itmeansthat______

(a)ourownopinionisnotbasedongoodreasonsandweknowthis

subconsciously.’

(b)wearenotconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforbecoming

angry.

(c)wearesubconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforbecoming

angry.

(d)theremaybegoodreasonsforhisopinionbutwearenotconsciously

awareofthem.

38.Theauthormentionsarithmeticandgeographybecause______

(a)weshouldknowbothsubjectsinordertoavoidfoolishopinions.

(b)manyfoolishopinionsandunnecessaryargumentsoccurinthosetwo

subjects.

(c)thetwoopinionshehasmentionedalreadyhavetodowiththosesubjects.

(d)hehimselfisveryknowledgeableaboutthosetwosubjects.

39．“…yourowncontraryconviction”refersto______

(a)theopinionthattwoandtwoarefiveandthatIcelandisontheequator.

(b)thefactthatyouknowsolittleaboutarithmeticorgeography.

(c)thefactthatyoufeelpityratherthananger.

(d)theopinionthattwoandtwoarefourandthatIcelandisalongwayfrom

theequator.

40.Themainpointofthesetwosentencesis______

(a)thatweshouldfeelpityratherthanangerwhensomeonedisagreewithus.

(b)thatweshouldn’tbeangrywithpeoplewhoholdfoolishopinions.

(c)thatonewayofavoidingfoolishopinionsistofeelpityratherthananger.

(d)thatwecantestourownopinionbyfindingoutwhetherwefeelpityor

angerwhensomeonedisagreeswithus.

SectionC.Findsinglewordsorphrasesinthisessaywhichhaveroughlythe

meaningsgivenbelow.(10%)

41.consciousof

42.narrow-minded

43.regrettedtheexistenceof

44.goodopinionofoneself

45.endingindeathordisaster

46.makingyourselffreefrom

47.prejudice

48.thinkingtoohighlyofoneself

49.unreasonable;wrong

50.feelunhappyabout;dislike

SectionD.MatchthewordsgivenunderListAwiththemeaningsgiven

underListB.ListBhassomeextraitems.(5%)

AB

51.inherently(a)fierce;cruel

52.episode(b)quitecertain

53.retort(c)answerbackquickly

54.cosmos(d)inside

55.persecution(e)fashionable

56.savage(f)unreasonablepunishment

57.cocksure(g)instinctively

58.prevailing(h)oneeventinaseriesofevents

59.subconsciously(i)careful

60.wary(j)goingtoacourtoflaw

(k)byitsverynature

(l)power;snow

(m)universe

PartIIITranslation(50points)

SectionA.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(25%)

笔者日前买了台电脑，喜滋滋地上网交友。谁知打开电脑映入眼帘的不

少是难以入目的低级趣味和无所顾忌的调侃，令我大失所望。网上交友

是通讯技术的进步，缩短了人与人情感交流的空间，但决非是低级趣味

沉渣泛滥的空间。虽然作者大多是用化名，但灵魂的空虚和彷徨却暴露

无遗。时下，网上交友大多是青少年，有关方面应当站岗放哨，给网友

一个晴朗的空间。不妨开展一些诸如网上格言正文、评比之类的活动，

用高尚的情感、雅俗共赏的文笔、幽默活泼的文风，陶冶网友的情操，

沐浴精神文明的阳光雨露。

SectionB.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(25%)

BenjaminFranklin,morethan200yearsago,notedinaPoorRichard’s

Almanac,“theusedskyisalwaysbright”.Thishomelysaying,itseemsto

me,applieswithrelevancetotheplaceofeducationintoday’sworlD．Itis

theskytoameaningfullife.Anditspossessorfindsthatwithcontinuinguse,

itisakey,whichhewillkeepbrightforallofhisdays.Thebrightkeyof

educationisofsurpassingimportanceinallactivitiesofoursociety.

Business,asegmentatonetimenotcharacterizedbyahighintellectuallevel,

nowavidlyseekseducatedpeople.Asneverbefore,ourcomplexindustries

dependuponthemforcontinuinggrowthandprogress.

PartIVWriting(30points)

Friendshipisgenerallyregardedasoneofthemostimportanthuman

relationshipsinone’slife.Pleasewriteanarticleofapproximately300words

onthisissue.Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyouaresupposedtopresentyour

statement,followedbyyoursupportwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpart

youbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionwithasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarand

appropriateness.

2011年青岛科技大学630基础英语考研真题

青岛科技大学

二○一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：基础英语

注意事项：1．本试卷共4道大题（共计73个小题），满分150分；

2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该

试题卷上或草纸上均无效。要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；

3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡

PartIVocabularyandGrammar(30points)

1.Whenhe______allthenewspapers,he’llgohome.

A．sellB．hassoldC．willhavesoldD．willbesold

2.Themachinestartsthemomentthebutton______.

A．willbepressedB．ispressedC．haspressedD．hasbeenpressed

3.Nowthatyou______,whatareyougoingtodo?

A．returnB．arereturningC．havereturnedD．returned

4.IhadhopedMr.Smith______meanearlyreply.

A．wouldgiveB．gaveC．togiveD．giving

5.Pleasebesuretocallmethenexttimeyou______.

A．willcomeB．wouldcomeC．comeD．shallcome

6.Hewentonfoot,buthe______bybus.

A．shouldgoB．couldhavegoneC．oughthavegoneD．

couldbegone

7．“Timeisrunningout,______?”

A．hadn’twebettergotstartB．hadn’twebettergetstart

C．hadn’twebettergetstartedD．hadn’twebettergotstarted

8.Wereitnotforthedebts,we______allright.

A．wouldbeB．wouldhavebeenC．wereD．are

9.WhenJoycewastoldthewholestory,she______inthefilm.

A．ceasedinterestB．ceasedbeinginterested

C．ceasedinterestedD．ceasedtointerest

10.Weoftenhearaboutairplanes______becauseoftechnicalfaults.

A．delayingB．beingdelayedC．bedelayedD．tobedelayed

11.Revolutionmeans______theproductiveforces.

A．toliberateB．liberateC．liberatedD．liberating

12.Whydoyoustandandwatchthemilk______over?

A．boilingB．boiledC．toboilD．beingboiled

13.Aphonecallsenthim______tothehospital.

A．hurryB．hurryingC．tohurryD．hurried

14.Theywantthepowerstation______assoonaspossible.

A．tosetupB．tobesetupC．beingsetupD．tohavebeensetup

15.Once______oxygen,thebraindies.

A．deprivedofB．deprivingofC．havingdeprivedofD．

deprived

16.Everymeans______triedbutwithoutmuchresult.

A．hasbeenB．havebeenC．areD．is

17.Theyounginspirit______thevitalforcesinoursociety.

A．isB．areC．hasbeenD．havebeen

18.Rarely______suchasillything.

A．haveIheardofB．Ihavebeenheardof

C．haveIbeenheardofD．Ihaveheardof

19.Heknowslittleofmathematics,______ofchemistry.

A.aswellasB．andstilllessC．nolessthanD．andstillmore

20.Fiveminutesearlier,______wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.

A．orB．butC．andD．so

21.HeworkstoohardThatis______iswrongwithhim.

A．thatwhichB．thatwhatC．whatD．thethingthat

22.ScarcelywasGeorgeWashingtoninhisteens______hisfatherdieD．

A．thanB．asC．whileD．when

23.Electricitypoweristransmittedfrompowerplanttoplaces______.

a.thatitisneededB．towhichitisneeded

C．whereitisneededD．whenitisneeded

24.Thatterriblenoiseis______memaD．

A．puttingB．settingC．drivingD．turning

25.Alltheroomshave______carpets,whichareincludedinthepriceofthe

house.

A．adaptedB．designedC．equippedD．fitted

26.Isthisagoodcamera?Canittakecolor______?

A．portraitsB．filmshowsC．picturesD．paintings

27.Hisadvicetowearwhiteclothesinahot,sunnyclimatewasfollowed.

This______helpedpeopletobecooler.

a.demandB．recommendationC．inventionD．request

28.Ijusthaveafewhousehold______tocopewithandthenI’llbefreeto

comeoutwithyou.

A．assignmentsB．chargesC．choresD．errands

29.Hisbreakingoftherulessetadangerous______.

A．customB．precedentC．practiceD．usage

30.Theyhaddugoutanicecavetoprovide______forthenight.

A．safetyB．refugeC．retreatD．shelter

PartIIReadingComprehension(40points)

ReadthearticlecarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollowinSectionA,

B,C,andD.

CIVILIZATION&HISTORY

1Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthe

historybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldiers,whereasthe

peoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedat

all.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,orlaunchedaseaworthyboat,

orcalculatedthelengthoftheyear,ormanuredafield,butweknowallabout

thekillersanddestroyers.Peoplethinkagreatdealofthem,somuchsothat

onallthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworldyouwillfindthe

figureoftheconquerororageneralorasoldier.AndIthinkmostpeople

believethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethe

greatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.Itis

justpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilizeD．Animalsfight;so

dosavages;hencetobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewayinwhichan

animalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilizeD．Evenbeinggoodat

gettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmost

efficientlythis,afterall,iswhatconquerorsandgeneralshavedoneis

notbeingcivilizeD．Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,

andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheir

disputesotherthanbyseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberofthe

otherside,andthensayingthatthatsidewhichhaskilledmosthaswon.And

notonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatis

whatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.

2Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenour

ownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsof

peoplewerekilledormutilateD．Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopledo

notfightandkilleachotherinthestreetswhile,thatistosay,wehavegot

tothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindaily

lifenationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelike

savages.

3Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjust

starteD．Fromthepointofviewofevolution,humanbeingsareveryyoung

childrenindeed,babies,infact,ofafewmonthsolD．Scientistsreckonthat

therehasbeenlifeofsomesortontheearthintheformofjelly-fishandthat

kindofcreatureforabouttwelvehundredmillionyears;buttherehavebeen

menforonlyonemillionyears,andtherehavebeencivilizedmenforabout

eightthousandyearsattheoutside.Thesefiguresaredifficulttograsp;solet

usscalethemdown.Supposethatwereckonthewholepastofliving

creaturesontheearthasonehundredyears;thenthewholepastofman

worksoutataboutonemonth,andduringthatmonththerehavebeen

civilizationsforbetweensevenandeighthours.Soyouseetherehasbeen

littletimetolearnin,buttherewillbeoceansoftimeinwhichtolearnbetter.

Takingman’scivilizedpastataboutsevenoreighthours,wemayestimate

hisfuture,thatistosay,thewholeperiodbetweennowandwhenthesun

growstoocoldtomaintainlifeanylongerontheearth,ataboutonehundred

thousandyears.Thusmankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife,

andasIsay,wemustnotexpecttoomuch.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthe

wholeaprettybeastlybusiness,abusinessoffightingandbullyingand

gorgingandgrabbingandhurting.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoples

nottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshave

donesomethingelse.

SectionA

Answerthefollowingquestions.

31.．Thisessaycanbedividedintotwomainparts,althoughithasthree

paragraphs.Wheredoyouthinkthesecondpartbeginsatthebeginningof

thesecondparagraphorofthethird?

32.．Whichofthefollowingsentencesgivesthebestsummaryofthefirst

part?

(a)Someofthepeoplewhohelpedcivilizationforwardarenotmentionedat

allinhistorybooks.

(b)Conquerorsandgeneralshavebeenourmostfamousmen,buttheydid

nothelpcivilizationforward.

(c)Itistruethatpeopletodaydonotfightorkillpeopleinthestreets.

33.．Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestsummarizesthesecondpartof

theessay?

(a)Inordertounderstandthelongperiodsofhistory,wehavetoscalethem

downtoshorterperiods.

(b)Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness.

(c)Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofcivilizedlife;sowemustexpecta

greatdealofcivilizationatthisstage.

34.Whattheexamplesdoestheauthorgiveofpeoplewhoreallyhelped

civilizationforward?

35.Inwhatwayaregreatsoldierssimilartoanimals?

36.Arepeopletodaymorecivilizedinanywaythaninthepast?Ifso,in

whatway?

37.Whatweretheearliestformsoflifeonthisearth?

38.Whenwilltherebenolifeonthisearth,accordingtotheauthor?

39.Theword‘figure’isbothusedinthefirstparagraphandinthethirD．

Doesithavethesamemeaninginbothplaces?Ifnot,whatareitstwo

differentmeanings?

40.Istheauthorhopefulaboutthefigureofcivilization?Howdoyouknow?

SectionB

Answerthequestionsbychoosingthebestalternative(a,b,c,d)undereach.

41.Inthefirstsentence,theauthorsaysthat______.

(a)mosthistorybookswerewrittenbyconquerors,generalandsoldiers.

(b)noonewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardismentionedinanyhistory

books.

(c)historybookstellusfarmoreaboutconquerorsandsoldiersthanabout

those

whohelpedcivilizationforward.

(d)conquerors,generalsandsoldiersshouldnotbementionedinhistory

books.

42.Onallthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworld,wefind_______.

(a)thefigureofthesameconquerororgeneralorsoldier.

(b)thefigureofsomeconquerororgeneralorsoldier.

(c)afigurerepresentingthenumberofconquerors,generalsandsoldiersin

thatcountry.

(d)thefigureofapersonwhohelpedcivilizationforward.

43.Mostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesare_______.

(a)thosethatbuiltthehighestpillars.

(b)thosethatwerebeateninbattlebythegreatestnumberofothercountries.

(c)thosethatwereruledbythegreatestnumberofconquerors.

(d)thosethatwongreatestnumberofbattlesagainstothercountries.

44.Intheauthor’sopinion,thecountriesthatruledalargenumberofother

countriesare_______.

(a)certainlynotthegreatestinanyway.

(b)neitherthegreatestnotthemostcivilized

(c)possiblythemostcivilizedbutnotthegreatest.

(d)possiblythegreatestinsomesensebutnotthemostcivilized.

45.Theauthorsaysthatcivilizedpeople_______.

(a)shouldnothaveanyquarrelstosettle.

(b)shouldnotfightwhentherearenoquarrelstosettle.

(c)shouldsettletheirquarrelswithoutfighting.

(d)shouldsettletheirquarrelsbyseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreater

numberoftheotherside.

46.‘Thatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.’

Themeaningofthissentenceisthat_______.

(a)thosewhofightbelievethatthewinnerisrightandtheloserwrong.

(b)onlythosewhoarepowerfulshouldgotowar.

(c)thosewhoarerightshouldfightagainstthosewhoarewrong.

(d)inawaronlythosewhoarepowerfulwillwin.

47.‘Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory.’The

authorsaysthisinordertoshowthatourownageis_______.

(a)differentf