2024年高考英语复习语篇理解技能梳理 阅读理解主旨大意题（解析版）

04阅读理解主旨大意题

命题要点简析

阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括和总结。能否抓住这个中心，

取决于读者的总结能力。主旨大意题通常涉及概括文章或者段落大意，揭示主题，选择标题等形式。主要

考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、归纳、

推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度的概括和总结。主旨大意题包括文章主旨题、段落大意题和标题归纳题。

每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般

有四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出（需要总结）。做这种题要通读文章，重点把握首末段、首

末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore,thus,but,however,in

short,tosumup等表达转折或总结的词语。

题型特征总览

主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章

的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。

（一）命题方式

把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式：

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?AVhatisthetopicofthetext?

2.Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis.

3.Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison.

4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?

5.Whafsthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?

7.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.

（二）解答技巧

题型特点解题技巧

考查文找主题句四窍门：

主题

章或段⑴段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however,but,infact,actually等）时，该句很可能是主

类（内

落的主题句。

容）

旨大意⑵首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

(3)作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键

1司。

(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词。

要求考

文章标题三特点：

生选出

标题(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；

文章的

类⑵短小精悍，精确性强；

最佳标

(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。

题

题型突破攻略

一、文章大意题

文章大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。

它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高

度概括或总结，属于高层次题。

1.主题句法

解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。

(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句

----------①新闻报道类文章首句是主题句

主题句是一②首句语言精炼，中间段多角度说明论证,

文章首句且与尾段句子呼应，则首句是文章主题句

三譬句在T夹叙夹议类记叙文末的议论部分隐含主题句］

文末

文章首段是举例子或谈论个别现象时,主题

主题句在--A

中段句则在后面的段落

最后观点文章中出现的两种或以上的不同观点，则最

—*

为主题句后的观点为主要观点

(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句

如but,however,infact,actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要

转折词

表达的观点。

总结词therefore,thus,inshort,conclude等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。

疑问句若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。

2.高频词法

全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因

此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便

容易抓住文章的中心。

3.逆向思维法

在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会

有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。

注意：

1.正确选项特征：涵盖性强，覆盖全文

2.错误选项特征

（1）以偏概全，主次不分

（2）无中生有，曲解文意

【典型例题】（2020•全国卷II阅读B）

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp

childrenwithmath—relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityof

Chicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplay

wasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（认矢口）aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents5income,

educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeand

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat

54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheir

abilitytorotate（旋转）andtranslateshapes,“Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildrenin

thestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher—incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmore

frequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplay

withmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremore

activeduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.

B.Ascientificstudy.

C.Awomanpsychologist.

D.Ateachingprogram.

【分析】

・第一步读文章，概括文意：本文介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究，该研究表明，对于2到4岁的孩子

来说，玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接触拼图游戏的时间更长，而且男

孩子比女孩子玩的拼图更复杂。

.第二步利用关键词法定主旨：文章多次出现了researchers,expert,study,findings等词，主要介绍的是

一项科学研究。

二、段落大意题

段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段

落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。

做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用

这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。

总分式（总段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是例子

-*

分/总分总）或论证

段落开头是举例子或层层推进的论述，段

L尸尾才是段落主题句

______段落开头列举具体事例，通过事例得出结

［分总分式论，这个结论就是段落主题句，后面的内容

一~十一只L是继续或拓展该结论

无主题段落虽无主题句，但可通过一些关键词或

句式相似结构归纳出段落主题句

【典型例题】（202。全国卷I阅读D）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthe

cityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces

weredecoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

【分析】

•第一步首尾兼顾定段意：通读全文可知，Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.是本段的主旨，后通过

列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。

•第二步析选项，斟酌判断：

对不同植物的一项新研究。原文中提到对绿色植物的研究，以偏概全

A

但不是该段的主旨。断章取义

犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降来证明的是绿色植物的好以偏概全

B

处，故混淆主次。断章取义

来自不同工作场所的员工。虽涉及工作场所的员工，但是以以偏概全

C

偏概全，不是本段的主题。生搬硬套

绿色植物的好处。本段主旨就是列举两项科学研究来说明绿涵盖性强，

D

色植物对人类的好处。该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和概括覆盖全段

・第三步比对选项得出答案。

三、标题归纳题

该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。

注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强（不改变原文的意义和感情色彩）;覆盖性强（能概括全文并体现文章的主旨）。

要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关

键词或者概括全文。

1.利用4大技巧解题

关键词法反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词

主题句法根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题

分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定

穿珠连串法

标题

逆向法根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项

2.结合3大特点解题

「［概括性准确而又简短)

好标题针对性卜(标题外延正好与文章内容相符)

3大特点

T醒目性H能引发读者的阅读欲望)

3.排除3种错误选项

d概括范围窄，只含某个细节I

排除3种

概括范围太宽，超出文章内容

错误选项--II

T含文章中未提到的或找不到的画

【典型例题】（2020•浙江7月卷阅读C）

Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyour

brainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereover

age75andassessedthevolunteers5memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,the

scientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.

Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激），demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthe

tests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（认矢口）functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentally

challengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants5overallhealthstatus.

“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,“saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy."Afteralongrun,youmayfeel

likeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,but

itcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.9,

Ifsnotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter'sjob,for

example,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-

levelofficework.And"runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（协调），“she

says.<6Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.^^

Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesor

geneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkills

B.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobs

C.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharp

D.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge

【分析】

・第一步找准文章的主题句：通读全文，本文是“总一分”结构，文章开头提出主旨"Challengingworkthat

requireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyou

age”。

・第二步根据正误选项特征，斟酌判断：A、B选项无中生有，曲解文意；D选项以偏概全；主次不分；选

项C“棘手的工作可能会帮助你保持思维敏捷”精炼地概括了文章内容。

・第三步比对选项得出答案。

名校资源学练

1

（2023秋•福建泉州•高三福建省永春第一中学校考阶段练习）JeremyfromAmericacannotunderstandwhy

aladyhemetoutsidetheHydeParkinLondonsaid,“Ooh,isn'titcold?”,andhethinksofthisbehaviourasa

distinctivelyEnglishconcernabouttheweather.Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwith

Jeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation-justanexchangeofgreetings.Itisnotalwaysquitethatobvious,

butallEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutaccepted

rules.

Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtocommenton,or

perhapsmostimportantly,agreeabout.Wehavealreadyestablishedthatweather-speakgreetingslike"Cold,isn't

it?”requiretheresponseexpressingagreement,asin"Yes,isn'tit?”.Itwouldbeveryrudetorespondwith"No,

actuallyifsquiteor“It'sprettyhottome.^^Ifyoudeliberatelybreaktherule,youwillfindthatthe

atmospherebecomesrathertenseandawkward.Theremaybeanuncomfortablesilence.Mostlikely,theywill

eitherchangethesubjectorcontinuetalkingabouttheweatheramongthemselvespolitely,ifcoldly,ignoringyour

fauxpas.

Thereis,however,onesituationinwhichEnglishweather-speakersarenotrequiredtoobservetheagreement

ruleatallandthatisthemale-bondingargument,particularlythepub-argument.Inthespecialenvironmentofthe

pub,constantdisagreementnotjustontheweather,butoneverythingelseaswellisameansofexpressing

friendship.

Whilewemayspendmuchofourtimecomplainingaboutourweather,foreignersarenotallowedtocriticize

it.Indeed,thisbringsustotheweatherasfamilyrule.Inthisrespect,wetreattheEnglishweatherlikeamemberof

ourfamily:onecancomplainaboutthebehaviorofone'sownchildrenorparents,butanyblamefromanoutsider

isunacceptable.TheweathermaybeoneofthefewthingsaboutwhichtheEnglisharestillunconsciouslyand

unashamedlypatriotic（爱国的）.

1.WhydidtheladycommentontheweathertoJeremy?

A.Tobuildupfriendship.

B.Tobeginacasualchat.

C.Tosendseasonalgreetings.

D.Toexpressdissatisfaction.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasetafauxpas“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Improperresponse.B.Carelessattitude.

C.Rudeinterruption.D.Frequentcomplaint.

3.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Malebondinginpubs.

B.Argumentaboutweather.

C.Exceptiontotheagreementrule.

D.Makingfriendsbydisagreement.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?

A.PolitenessTipsforForeigners

B.AcceptedRulesinSocialLife

C.EnglishPolitenessinWeatherConversation

D.HiddenRulesofEnglishWeatherConversation

2

（2023•辽宁沈阳・沈阳二中校考三模）TerraCycleisacompanythathasrecycledandupcycled（升级改造）

justaboutanygarbageitcangetitshandson.Itupcyclesthingslikepensandmarkersintodustbinsandpicnic

tablesandcigaretteendsintorailroadties.

Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamilieswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:The

TerraCycleFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.Thebookispartwake-upcall,parthistorylesson,parthow-to,

andpartDIYartsandcraftsinstruction.

Inanefforttohelppeopledowhattheycantocurbtheircontributiontothetonsofwastecreatedeveryday,

MakeGarbageGreatgivesthehistoryofvariousmaterials,discusseswhythosevariousmaterialsareaproblem,

andgivestipsandDIYprojectstorecycleorupcycleeachmaterial.

Thereisachaptereachonplastics,metals,paper,glass,wood,rubberandorganics.Eachchapterisfilledwith

tonsoftipsandideasforreducingtheamountofwasteyoucreateandforresponsiblyhandlingthewasteyouend

upcreatinginyourhome.Ifyou'reaconsciousconsumer,someoftheinformationyoumayalreadyknow,but

therearealsotipsinthisbookthatwillhelpyourecyclemorethanyouthoughtyouwereableto.Ithasinformation

onwhereyoucantakeoldsneakers,pillows,andallthatelectronicwastethatseemstopileupquickerandquicker

eachyear.

Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetalittlecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutothink

beforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheamountofwasteourculturecreateswill

findsomeideashere.Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It'sprintedontree-freepaperandisa

reminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable（可持续的）alternativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.

5.Whatisthebookintendedtodo?

A.Toadvertiseforthecompany.

B.Tohelpfamiliesmakemoney.

C.Toinstructpeopletolearnarts.

D.Tohelpfamiliesreducewaste.

6.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?

A.Itisintendedforhousewives.

B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Itiswellreceivedallovertheworld.

D.Itisnotdifferentfromotherpaperbooks.

7.Whatdoestheauthor'sattitudetowardsthebook?

A.Positive.B.Negative.

C.Doubtful.D.Objective.

8.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LiveAMoreHealthyLife?

B.WantAZero-wasteLifestyle?

C.TerraCycle-AResponsibleCompany

D.MakeGarbageGreat-AKeytoSuccess

3

（2023春•天津南开•高三统考阶段练习）Sometimesjustwhenweneedthepowerofmiracles,theyarisein

theplaceswewouldleastexpect.

OnacoldJanuaryafternoonin1989,1wasclimbingEgypfsMt.Horeb,hopingtogettothepeakbysunsetto

seethevalleybelow.AsIwaswindingupthenarrowpath,I'dsometimesseeotherhikerswhowerecomingdown.

Whiletheywouldgenerallypasswithsimplyanodoragreetinginanotherlanguage,therewasonemanwhodid

neither.

Isawhimcomingandashegotcloser,Icouldseethat,unlikeotherhikers,hewaswearingtraditional

Egyptiangalabia（长袍）.Whatmadehisappearancesostrangewasthatthemandidn'tevenappeartobe

Egyptian,butwasasmall-framedAsianmanwithlittlehairandroundglasses.

Aswenearedoneanother,IsaidHello,butnotasoundcamefromhim.Ithoughtmaybehehadn'theardme.

Suddenlyhestoppeddirectlyinfrontofme,lookedupfromtheground,andspokeasinglesentencetomein

English,"Sometimesyoudon'tknowwhatyouhavelostuntilyou'velostit."AsItookinwhatIhadjustheard,he

simplysteppedaroundmeandcontinuedhisgoingdown.

Thatmomentinmylifewasasmallmiracle.Thereasonislessaboutwhatthemansaidbutmoreaboutthe

timingandthecontext.Theyearwas1989,anditwasduringmyEgyptianpilgrimage（朝圣），andspecifically

duringmyhiketoMt.Horeb,thatI'dsetthetimeasidetomakedecisionsthatwouldaffectmycareer,myfriends,

myfamily,andultimately,mylife.

IhadtoaskmyselfwhatthechanceswereofanAsianmandressedinanEgyptiangalabiacomingdownfrom

thetopofthishistoricmountainjustwhenIwaswalkingup,stoppingbeforeme,andofferinghiswisdom,

seeminglyfromoutofnowhere.Myanswertomyownquestionwaseasy:nearlynochance!Inameetthatlasted

lessthantwominutes,atotalstrangerhadbroughtsomethingclearandsomethingofawarning,regardingthehuge

changesthatIwouldmakewithinamatterofdays.Inmywayofthinking,thafsamiracle.

Miraclesareeverywhereandoccureverydayfordifferentreasons,inresponsetothedifferentneedsthatwe

mayhaveinthemoment.Ourjobmaybelessaboutquestioningtheextraordinarythingsthathappeninourdaily

livesandmoreaboutacceptingthegiftstheybring.

9.BeforetheAsianmanspoke,howdidtheauthorthinkabouthim?

A.Hewasveryrudeandstrange.

B.Hewasdifferentfromothers.

C.Hewasshyandnodtostrangers.

D.Helookedordinaryandwastalkative.

10.WhydidtheauthormakeapilgrimagetoMtHorebinEgypt?

A.Hewasinsearchofamiracleinhislife.

B.Itwasaplaceforareligiouspersontoheadfor.

C.Heintendedtomakearrangementsforhisfuturelife.

D.Hewaitedpatientlyinexpectationofmeetingawiseperson.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"myownquestion^^refertoinparagraph6?

A.Forwhatreasondidthemanstopbeforeme?

B.WhydidtheAsianmangotothemountain?

C.WhatchangewouldImakewithinamatterofdays?

D.Whatwastheprobabilitythatotherstoldustherightwords?

12.WhydidtheauthorviewthemeetwiththeAsianmanasamiracleinhislife?

A.BecausetheAsianman'sappearancehadadecidingeffectonhisfuturelife.

B.Becausehiswordswereinperfectresponsetotheneedhehadatthatmoment.

C.BecausewhattheAsianmansaidwasmeaningfulinthephilosophyoflife.

D.BecausetheAsianmanimpressedonhimtheworthofwhathehadpossessed.

13.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Canyourecognizeamiracle?B.Isamiraclesignificanttous?

C.Whenmightamiracleoccur?D.Whydoweneedamiracle?

4

（2023•安徽安庆・安庆一中校考模拟预测）RiversaretheveinsoftheEarth,transportingthewaterand

nutrients（营养物）neededtosupporttheplanefsecosystems,includinghumanlife.Whilemanynutrientsare

essentialtothesurvivaloflife,thereisoneelementtransportedbywaterinriversthatholdsthekeytolifeandto

thefutureofourplanet-carbon.

CarboniseverywhereandunderstandingthewayitmovesandiseitherreleasedorstoredbytheEarthsystem

isacomplexscienceinitself.Carbonstartsitsjourneydownstreamwhennaturalacidrain,whichcontainscarbon

dioxidefromtheatmosphere,meltsmineralsinrocks.Thishelpstransformcarbondioxidetobicarbonate（碳酸氢

盐）inthewaterthatthenflowsinourrivers.Thisisaverylongprocess,whichisoneofthemainwayscarbon

dioxideisremovedfromtheatmosphere.Carbonistransportedbyriverstooceansandoncethatcarbonreachesthe

ocean,itisstorednaturallyindeepseasediments（沉淀物）formillionsofyears.

Ascarbontravelsdownariver,differentprocessesmayimpactwhetheritcontinuestoflowdownstreamor

whetheritisreleasedintotheatmosphere.Forexample,humanengineering,likeextensivedamconstruction,will

resultindramaticchangestohowwaterandsedimentstraveldowntheriver.Somecarbonthatfailstoreachthesea

mayreturntotheatmosphereinsomeway,whichcausesmorewarming.

Earth9sclimateiscloselyrelatedtothecarboncycle.Weallknowabouttheessentialroleofplantsin

consumingcarbondioxide,butdoweknowenoughaboutrivers?Changingthechemistryandthecourseofrivers

mayhavesignificantimpactsonhowtheytransportcarbon.Remember:whereverwelive,wealllivedownstream.

14.Whereisthecarboninriversoriginallyfrom?

A.Theatmosphere.B.Therocks.

C.Theacidrain.D.Theupstreamareas.

15.WhyishumanengineeringmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Toshowhowimportanttolifecarbonis.

B.Toexplainhownecessaryitistobuilddams.

C.Toshowhowanaturalprocessisinterrupted.

D.Toexplainhowhumansfightglobalwarming.

16.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?

A.We'dbettermoveupstreamtolive.

B.Weshouldprotectplantsalongrivers.

C.We'dbetterseekmorehelpfromplants.

D.Weshouldbecautiousaboutrivermanagement.

17.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatHumansDowithRivers

B.HowRivers9TransportingCarbonCounts

C.WhattheCarbonCycleMeanstoUs

D.HowLivingDownstreamAffectstheEarth

5

（2023秋•重庆万州•高三重庆市万州第二高级中学校考阶段练习）Curiosityiswhatdrivesustokeep

learning,keeptrying,keeppushingforward.Buthowdoesonegenerate（产生）curiosity,inoneselforothers?

GeorgeLoewenstein,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegieMellonUniversity,offeredananswerinthe

classic1994paper,ctThePsychologyofCuriosity.^^

Curiosityarises,Loewensteinwrote,“whenattentionbecomesfocusedonagapinone'sknowledge.Such

informationgapsproducethefeelingofdeprivation（匮乏）labeledcuriosity.Thecuriousindividualismotivatedto

obtainthemissinginformationtoreducethefeelingofdeprivation.Loewenstein'stheoryhelpsexplainwhy

curiosityissuchaforce:it'snotonlyamentalstatebutalsoanemotion,apowerfulfeelingthatdrivesusforward.

ScientistDanielWillinghamnotesthatteachersareoften"soeagertogettotheanswerthatwedonotdevote

enoughtimetodevelopingthequestion.^^Yetifsthequestionthatstimulates（刺激）curiosity;beingtoldananswer

stopscuriositybeforeitcanevengetgoing.

Inhis1994paper,GeorgeLoewensteinnotedthatcuriosityrequiressomebasicknowledge.We'renotcurious

aboutsomethingweknowabsolutelynothingabout.Butassoonasweknowevenalittlebit,ourcuriosityis

arousedandwewanttolearnmore.Infact,researchshowsthatcuriosityincreaseswithknowledge:themorewe

know,themorewewanttoknow.Togetthisprocessstarted,Loewensteinsuggests,takestepswithsome

interestingbutincompleteinformation.

Languageteachershavelongusedcommunicationinexercisesthatopenaninformationgapandthenrequire

learnerstocommunicatewitheachotherinordertofillit.Forexample,onestudentmightbegivenaseriesof

picturesforthebeginningofthestory,whilethestudent'spartnerisgivenaseriesofpicturesshowinghowthat

samestoryends.Onlybyspeakingwitheachother（intheforeignlanguagetheyarelearning,ofcourse）canthe

studentsfillineachothers*informationgaps.

18.Whenonenoticesagapinhisknowledge,he

A.desirestofillit

B.tendstobeafraid

C.mightgettiredandsad

D.willbecomefocusedonhislearning

19.WhatdoesDanielWillinghamimplyinthearticle?

A.Answersaremoreimportantthanquestions.

B.Teachersshouldbeeagertogettotheanswer.

C.Teachersknowhowtostimulatestudents5curiosity.

D.Teachersarepartlytoblameforstudents5hatingschool.

20.AccordingtoGeorgeLoewenstein'spaper,curiosityaboutsomethingoccursonlywhenyou

A.havereadalotofbooksB.knowlittleaboutsomething

C.havesomerelatedinformationD.aregivenincompleteinformation

21.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Whystudentshateschool.

B.Whycuriosityisimportant.

C.Howtostimulatecuriosity.

D.Whatmakespeoplehungryforknowledge.

6

（2023秋•吉林长春•高三长春市第五中学校考期末）Oneofthemostpopularbeliefsinparentingistheso

-calledMozarteffect,whichsaysthatlisteningtomusicbytheAustriancomposerWolfgangMozartcan

increaseachild'sintelligence.SomepregnantwomenhaveevengonesofarastoplayMozartrecordingson

headphonespressedagainsttheirbellies.Andit'snothardtoseehowMozartsnamebecameassociatedwith

accelerateddevelopment.Hewashistory'sgreatestchildgenius,performingastonishingmusicforkingsand

queensatanagewhenmanyofuswerecontentwithtunelesssinging"I'maLittleTeapot".

So,ifyouhavekidsoryou'reexpectingtohavethem,howseriouslyshouldyoutaketheMozarteffect?

Willthechildwhodoesn'tlistentoMozartinthecradle（摇篮）belimitedtoanordinarylife?Areyouabad

parentifyourkidsdon'tknowaboutanyworksofMozart?

Relax.ThereisnoscientificevidencethatlisteningtoMozartimproveschildren'scognitiveabilities.The

wholeideacomesfromasmallstudydonein1993,whichfoundthatcollegestudentswholistenedtoMozart's

SonataforTwoPianosinDMajor（K448