人教版中考英语语法复习：被动语态讲义和习题（含答案）

人教版中考英语语法复习：被动语态讲义和习题

概念

语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。

英语的语态包括两种形式：主动语态(activevoice)和被动语态(passive

voice)o

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受

者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象

的及物动词才有被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被

动、被动、主被动。

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

主语English是动词speak的承受者。

Heopenedthedoor.

他开了门。(主动句)

Thedoorwasopened.

门被开了。(被动句)

构成

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Hisbicyclewasstolen.

Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltin2000.

通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：

be+过去分词（+by+动作执行者）

形式

被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，强调动作是由什

么人或什么东西而发出时，常用介词“by+行为发出者”，即

be+done+by+行为发出者。

被动语态可用于各种时态，通过助动词be的变化来表示：

1、一般现在时的被动语态.am/is/are+动词的过去分词

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.

ThiscarismadeinChina.

2、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词

Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.

Thestationwasbuiltin1928.

3、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词

Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.

Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.

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4、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词

Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.

SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenlastyear.

5、一般将来时的被动语态：

(A)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词

(B)am/is/are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.

Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.

Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.

6、过去将来时的被动语态：

(l)would/should+be+动词的过去分词

(2)was/were+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.

Shesaidthatsomenewfactorieswouldbebuiltsooninourcity.

Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.

7、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词

Somenewfactorieshavebeenbuiltinthecitysincelastyear.

Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.

8、过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+动词的过去分词

Hesaidthatsomenewfactorieshadbeenbuiltinthecity.

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Ididn'tknowthatmywatchhadbeenmended.

9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done

(l)Youmusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.

Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinafterclass.

(2)Hecanwritealetterwiththecomputer.

Alettercanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.

运用

第一种情况：不知道动作的执行者，就是不知道谁干的

Dan'sbikewasstolenlastweek.

丹的自行车上周被偷了。

Mywindowswerebrokenyesterday.

我的窗户昨天被打烂了。

第二种情况：没有必要交代动作的执行者，就是说：不用说出来大家

也知道谁干的

RiceisalsogrowninNorthChina.

华北地区也种水稻。

Anewrailwaystationwillbebuiltnextyear.

明年要建一座新的火车站。

第三种：为了强调动作的承受者，这里我们比较一下主动和被动：

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PrisonersofWarbuiltthebridge.

战俘修建了这座桥。

此句的主句是PrisonersofWar,是来回答Whobuiltthebridge?这个

问句，所以此句强调的是动作的执行者一战俘，交代战俘做了什么事。

变被动之后：

ThebridgewasbuiltbyPrisonersofWar.

这座桥是被战俘修建的。

这样说的话，主语变成了“thebridge”一这座桥，此句是回答What

wasbuilt?所以此句是强调“什么被建造”即强调动作的承受者。

又如：

ThebookwaswrittenbyShiNaian.

这本书是施耐庵写的。

以上是被动语态使用的三种情况或者说时机，第三种虽然强调动作的

承受者，但一般也要交代动作的执行者，用by+执行者来表达。

主动语态变成被动语态

1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。

主动语态：人们说英语。

PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.

被动语态：英语被说。

Englishisspokeninmanycountries..

主动语态：我们造这座桥。

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Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.

被动语态：这座桥被建造。

Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.

2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。

主动语态：小王邀请你（宾语）

XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.

被动语态：你（宾语）被邀请。

YouhasbeeninvitedtoalunchpartybyXiaoWang.

主动语态：你不准带走杂志（宾语）

Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.

被动语态：杂志（宾语）不准被带走.

Thesemagazinesmustnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.

主动语态：他们授给他（宾语）一枚奖章（宾语）.

Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.

被动语态：他（宾语）被授予一枚奖章.

Hewasgivenamedalforhiswonderfulwork.

被动语态：一枚奖章（宾语）被授给了他.

Amedalwasgiventohimforhiswonderfulwork.

语态转换时所注意的问题

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1.把主动语态变为被动语态，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持

一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.

Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.

Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)

2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为

主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.

Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介

词，如上句还可以说：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.

注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to,如：bring,give,

hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。

(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.

(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.

2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,

choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。

(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.

(2)Themeatwascookedforus.

(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

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3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即

把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有:

不及物动词+介词，如：agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,

lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。

Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.T

heproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.

及物动词+副词：如:bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,

makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,

workout,turnout等。

Hisrequestwasturneddown.

Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather

4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构

中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。

(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

—Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.

(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

-Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.

注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后

作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,

这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略

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to的问题。

Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

-Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.

5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时,

被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的

被动语态。

Nobodycananswerthisquestion.

误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.

正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.

6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时,在

被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语

动词变为肯定的被动语态。

Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.

误：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.

正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.

7.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首:

Whowrotethestory?

误：Whowasthestorywritten?

正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?

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8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词

连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，

这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。

（l）Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。

（2）Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。

对比：Thebookssellwell.（主动句）

Thebooksweresoldout.（被动句）

Themeatdidn,tcookwell.（主动句）

Themeatwascookedforalongtime.（被动句）

9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：

第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel,look,seem,

taste,sound,remain等。

(1)一Doyoulikethematerial?

——Yes,itfeelsverysoft.

误：Itisfeltverysoft.

(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.

误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.

(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.

误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own

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Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.

误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.

Shehadherhandburned.

误：Herhandwashadburned.

第三,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态：takeplace,breakout,

belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。

Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

第四,不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie

等。

Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.

误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.

Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.

误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.

第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式

及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，

如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.

误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.

Weloveeachother.

误：Eachotherisloved.

初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型

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l.becoveredwith被..覆盖

2.bemadeof由..制作（发生物理变化）

bemadefrom由...制作（发生化学变化）

bemadein由（某地）制造

bemadeby被（某人）制造

3.beusedfor被用来..

beusedas被当作（作为）...来使用

beusedtodosth.被用来做某事

4.Itissaidthat…据说...

Itishopedthat...希望...

Itiswellknownthat…众所周知...例如：

几种特殊的被动语态

1.带不定式的被动语态。

Thechildissuretobepunishedforthat.

那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。

2.带介词的动词短语的被动语态。

Suchathinghasneverbeenheardof.

这件事前所未闻。

3.带副词的动词短语的被动语态。

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Theradiohasjustbeenturnedoff.

收音机刚刚被关上。

4.当sell,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等动词若有状语well,easily,

badly来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。

Thepenwriteswell.

这枝钢笔写字流畅。

Thebooksellswell.

这本书很畅销。

形式为主动，意义为被动。(中考难点)

1.由少数及物动词转化来的不及物动词(sell,clean,wash,cut,drive,

wear,write等)，当句子的主语为物时，可用主动形式表被动意义。

Thecardriveswell.

Theclothwasheseasily.

2.在beworthdoing,needdoing中,主语是物，doing表示被动意义。

Thebookisworthreading.

Thetreeneedswatering.

3.形容词cheap,dangerous,important,comfortable,interesting等接不

定式做状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

Theoldladyiseasytogetalongwith.

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Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.

4.感官动词look,sound,taste,smell,feel等，主动语态表被动意义。

Youlookunhappy.

Thecaketastesdelicious.

口诀

一般现在时、一般过去时用be+及物动词的.过去分词，be有人称、

时、数变。

完成时态have(has)done,被动将been加中间。

一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为bedone。

将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoingo

现在完成时，被动have(has)beer)done。

现、过进行bedoing,被动be加beingdone。

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。

否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。

主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。

一般情助加bedone,双宾多将间宾变。

复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。

练习1:

用括号里所给词汇的适当形式填空。

l.ThePRC(found)in1949.

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2.Edison'smother(save)aftertheoperation.

3.1(tell)thegoodnewsyesterday.Iwaspleasedtohearthat.

4.Dr.Bethunewentonwiththeoperationthoughhe(ask)toleave.

5.Verylittle(know)abouttheuniversethousandsofyearsago.

6.-WhereisPeter?

-He(tell)tomeetsomeforeignfriendsjustnow.

7.He(live)inthishousesinceit(build).

8.Treesmust(put)intheholesothatitisstraight.

9.Oldpeoplemust(speak)topolitely.

lO.Let*s(go)homeifyourhomework(do).

1l.MissZhaousually(ask)ussomequestionsinclassbut

yesterdayshe(ask)alotofquestionsbyus.

12.Tom(catch)abadcold.He(musttake)goodcare

of.

13.-Look!1(buy)anewdictionary.

-Whenit(buy)?

-Thedaybeforeyesterday.

14.1canmendthemachine.UndleWangshould(send)foratonce.

15.Heshowedmethekiteassoonasit(make).

16.-thiskindofflower(water)everyday?

-Certainly.lt(need)muchmorewaterthantheothers.

17.-WhichdoesLiLeiprefer,thelongjumporthehighjump?

-Ofcourse,thehighjump.He(know)tobegoodatit.

18.SometimesTom(take)toschoolbybike,butnow

he(walk)toschoolbyhimselfeverymorning.

19.Nomorebread(need)becausemymother

(buy)somuchofit.

20.Stampscan(use)tosendandreceiveletters.

21.Mybike(notwork)now.Itmust(mend).I

(use)ittomorrow.

22.Yourshoes(wear)out.Buttheycan(mend)here.

答案：

1.wasfounfded

2.wassaved

3.wastold

4.wasasked

5.wasknown

6.wastold

7.haslived/wasbuilt

8.beput

9.bespoken

10.go/isdone

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1l.asks/asked

12.caught/mustbetaken

13.havebought/was/bought

14.besent

15.wasmade

16.1s/watered/needs

17.isknown

18.istaken/walks

19.isneeded/hasbought

20.beused

2Ldoesn'twork/bemended/willuse

22.areworn/bemended

练习2

一、将下列句子改为被动语态

l.Mymothermadethesoup.

2.UncleWangisgoingtorepairmycomputer.

3.Youmustcleanyourroomonceaweek.

4.Theboybrokethewindow.

5.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridge.

6.1havefoundmydictionary.

7.DostudentslearnEnglishinthemiddleschool?

二、将下列句子改为被动语态

1.ManypeoplespeakEnglishintheU.S.A.

2.1willfinishtheworksoon.

3.Heboughtabike.

4.Weweredoingtheworkcarefully.

5.Theyarewateringtheflowers.

6.Weheardthemsinginthenextroom.

7.Theteacherisgoingtotellusastorytomorrow.

8.TheirteacherhastaughtthemanAmericansong.

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。

l.Theoldmanisill.Hemusttothehospital.Call120atonce,

(send)

2.ThebookbyLuXunin1920.(write)

3.Allthemachinesoutyesterday.(sell)

4.Thehospitalnextyear.(build)

5.Thiskindofbookcan'toutofthelibrary.(take)

6.Hetoplaycomputergameslastnight.(allow)

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7.Theboyoftennottogotothenetbar.(tell)

8.HetothepartylastSunday,buthedidn'tgothere.(ask)

答案：

1.Thesoupwasmadebymymother.

2.MycomputerisgoingtoberepairedbyUnclewang.

3.Yourroommustbecleanedonceaweek.

4.Thewindowisbrokenbytheboy.

5.Anewbridgearebeingbuildingbytheworkers.

6.Mydictionaryhasbeenfound.

7.IsEnglishlearntbystudentsinthemiddleschool?

1.EnglishisspokenbymanypeopleintheUSA.

2.Theworkwillbefinishedsoon.

3.Abikewasboughtbyhim.

4.Theworkwasbeingdonebyuscarefully.

5.Theflowersarebeingwateredbythem.

6.Theywereheardtosingbyusinthenextroom.

7.Ourstoryisgoingtobetoldtousbytheteachertomorrow.

8.AnAmericansonghasbeentaughttothembytheirteacher.

l.besent

2.waswritten

3.sold

4.willbebuilt

5.betaken

6.wasallowed

7.is/told

8.wasasked

练习3

一.用正确的时态语态填空

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l.she(tell)thegoodnewsassoonasitarrived.

2.Alotofwork(do)forthepoorkidsinthepastfewyears.

3.Thebook(write)bytheyounggirl.

4.ThefruitfromTaiwan(sell)well.

5.Wemust(allow)togrowhairlong.

6.Myshoesneed(mend).

7.Anewbuilding(build)atourschoolnow.

8.Anearthquake(happen)atmidnight.

9.Thestudentsweremade(hand)intheirhomework.

10.1don'tbelieveyou'vealreadyfinishedreadingthebookwhich

(lend)toyouthismorning!

11.-What'sthatnoise?-Oh,lforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine

(test).

12.Computers(use)verywidelyintheworldnow.

13.Silk___________(produce)inHangzhouandWoolinQinghai.

14.Anotherbridge(build)overtheriverandit(come)

intouseattheendofthisyear.

15.Thethief(catch)and(send)tothestationten

minutesago.

16.1nthepastfewyearsalotofbuildings(set)upinourcity.

17.A11thetickets(sell)outwhenwegottothecinema.

18.“Theexercisesmust(do)rightaway."Hesaid.

19.Woodcan(make)intoalotofthings.

20.Nothingcansavehim.Whatcanbedone(do).

二.把下列句子变成被动语态或变为主动语态。

1.Mybrotheropensthewindowseverymorning.

2.Shedidn'tcleantheroomthismorning.

3.Theactorwaslovedbytheyoungpeople.

4.Whatwasfoundbythem?

5.Heboughthischildrensomepencils.

6.Maryismakingadoll.

7.Mymotherwascuttingdownthetree.

8.DotheyspeakEnglishinAmerica?

9.Theclothesaren'twashedbyher.

10.Bobgaveheraninterestingbook.

11.EveryonecallsmeXiaoWang.

12.Shecannotcomposesuchfinemusic.

13.Hehasn'treceivedtheletter.

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答案：

1.wastold2.hasbeendone3.waswritten4.sells5.beallowed6.mending7.is

beingbuilt8.happened9.tohand10.waslent11.isbeingtested12.areused13.is

produced14.isbeingbuilt…willcome15.wascaught....sent16.havebeenset

17.hadbeensold18.bedone19.bemade20.hasbeendone

1.Thewindowsareopenedbymybrothereverymorning.

2.Theroomwasn'tcleanedbyherthismorning.

3.Theyoungmanlovedtheactor.

4.Whatdidtheyfind?

5.Somepencilswereboughttohischildrenbyhim.

6.AdollisbeingmadebyMary.

7.Atreewasbeingcutdownbymymother.

8.AreEnglishspokenbytheminAmerica?

9.Shedoesn'twashtheclothes.

10.AninterestingbookwasgiventoherbyBob.

11.IamcalledXiaoWangbyeveryoneo

12.Suchfinemusiccannotbecomposedbyher.

13.Theletterhasn'tbeenreceivedbyhim.

练习4

一、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.?

Thework