高考冲刺资源冲刺模拟卷解析版（新高考专用）

绝密★启用前2024年高考冲刺模拟卷（新高考专用卷）英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。1．Wherewilltheconferenceprobablybeheld?A．InPittsburgh. B．InAtlanta. C．InKansasCity.【答案】A【原文】M:Haveyoudecidedwheretoholdtheconference?W:Notyet,butwehaveonlythreechoices.Pittsburghisthecheapest.KansasCityismorecentral.AndAtlantahasbetterweatheratthattimeofyear.M:Thatistrue.Butatthemomentweshouldfocusonkeepingcostsdown.2．WhywillKathycallAnne?A．Toexpressthanks.B．Tolookforahelper.C．Togivesomeinformation.【答案】B【原文】M:Kathy,wehavethreelargegroupscominginfordinneratseveno'clockandMeganisinhospital.Doyouknowifanyisavailabletonighttocomeinandwaittables?W:I'mnotsure,butIcancallherandfindout.3．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Strangers. B．Co-workers. C．Driverandpassenger.【答案】A【原文】M:Doyouwanttoshareataxiintotown?W:Oh,sure.Bytheway,areyouhereonvacation?M:No,onbusiness.Iworkinacomputerfirm.W:Whatacoincidence!Iusedtoworkinacomputerfirmtoo.4．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthetrip?A．Worthless. B．Terrible. C．Great.【答案】C【原文】M:Hey,Lucy,didyougotothePandaResearchBaselastweekend?W:Yes.Itwaswonderful.It’sreallyworthvisiting.Wesawlotsofpandas.Theywerereallycute.5．Whydoesthemanlookdifferentnowaccordingtohimself?A．Helostweight. B．Hegotolder. C．Hehadahaircut.【答案】A【原文】W:YourpictureIDdoesn’tlooklikeyou.M:That’sbecauseI’velosttenkilossinceitwastaken.W:Oh!Ithoughtitwasyourhaircutthatmadeyoulookdifferent.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独自读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatisthemanlookingfor?A．Asuit. B．Ashirt. C．Atie.7．Whatdoesthemanthinkofthesecondpieceofclothing?A．Itistight. B．Itisinformal. C．Itispricey.【答案】6．A7．B【原文】W:Whydon’tyoutrythisone?Ithinkitwouldsuityou.M:I’dprefersomethingalittlewider.W:Inthatcase,let’slookatthenewsummerrange.It’sprobablyjustwhatyou’relookingfor.Howaboutthisone?M:Yes,it’sreallynice,butitmaynotbesuitableforformaloccasions.W:It’sbright,Iagree,butlookatthestyle.Ifyouwearitwiththerightshirtandtie,Ithinkit’dbeperfect.Besides,thepriceisgood.M:Well,Iwillthinkitover.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Thejewelry. B．Arobbery. C．Afact.9．Whichofthefollowingismarked?A．Thecomputer. B．Thejewelry. C．Thefridge.10．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’shusband?A．Hehasfoundsometraces.B．HeisonthewaybackfromCanada.C．Hehasnoideawhathashappened.【答案】8．B9．A10．C【原文】M:Goodafternoon,Madam,youjustcalledus,didn’tyou?ThisisofficerBelfordW:Yes,Idid.M:Pleasetellmealittlemoreinformationaboutit.Justthefacts.Whattimedidithappen?W:IdaresayitmustbesometimebetweentwelveandonethirtybecauseIlefthomeattwelveandjustgotbackat1:30.M:Whatdidtheyget?W:Well,IknownowI’mmissingsomejewelry,moneyandthecomputer.M:OK,well,youaremakingalist.Bytheway,didyouhaveyourbelongingsmarked?W:Marked?Notthejewelry,butmyhusbandputhisnameonthecomputer.M:Bytheway,where’syourhusband?W:Heisn’tin,he’sonatriptoCanada.Ihaven’tcontactedhimabouttherobberyyet.M:Isee.Wheredidyouputyourjewelry?W:Iputitinthefridge,butallmygoodjewelryisinthesafedepositboxinthebank.M:OK,I’llbeintouchwithyouassoonaswefindanytrace.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whosebookhasthewomanbeenreadinglately?A．AaronEsterson. B．LoriGottlieb. C．ErikErikson.12．Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthebook?A．Ithasanunexpectedend.B．Itisveryboring.C．Itisfantastic.13．Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodo?A．Readthebook. B．Startwritingabook. C．Talkwithsomeone.【答案】11．B12．C13．A【原文】M:Whatareyouuptolately?W:IhavebeenreadingabooknamedMaybeYouShouldTalktoSomeone.M:Howdoyoufeelaboutit?W:Itiswonderful.Igottothisbookbychance.ThenIwasattractedfromtheveryfirstpage.M:Tellmemore!W:LoriGottlieb,thewriter,helpsthereadersbecomeawareofhisorherownbarriersandstrengths.Icouldevenrelatetosomeofthesituationsinthebook.Itisveryrealandnotboringatall.M:SoitisnothingliketheseriousbookswrittenbyAaronEstersonorErikErikson.W:Youbet!LoriGottliebisanexcellentstoryteller.Plus,thechaptersarebite-sized,bothlaughout-loudfunnyandinspiring.M:Soundsgood.Iwillgiveitashot.W:Iamsureyouwillfindsomeonetotalktoafterreadingthebook.听第9段材科，回答第14至17题。14．WhatmadeCatherinestartboxing?A．Afilm. B．Afriend. C．Agame.15．WhatdidCatherine’sfamilythinkofherwhenshetookupboxing?A．Brave. B．Smart. C．Crazy.16．WhatdoesCatherineusuallydobeforeaboxingmatch?A．Stayrelaxed. B．Gocamping. C．Gettraining.17．WhatisthebestthingCatherinegainsfromdoingboxing?A．Friendship. B．Fitness. C．Respect.【答案】14．A15．C16．C17．B【原文】M:Goodevening.ladiesandgentlemen.WelcometoDannyshow.I’mDanny.Let’smeetourfirstguest.W:Hi,everyone.MynameisCatherineandI’maprofessionalboxer.M:TellusCatherine.HowdidyoutakeupBoxing.W:Um,yearsago?IsawafilmaboutwomenBoxinginAmerica.Ithoughtamazing.I’mgoingtohaveago.Ididn’teverthinkI’dbeanygood,butI’llkeepfaithinthat.M:Wereyoualwaysasportygirlatschool?W:WhenIwasyounger,Iwasveryunfit.Ineverusedtodoanysports.M:Whatdoyourfamilyandyourfriendsthinkofyouasawomanboxer?W:WhenIfirsttoldeveryoneIwasgoingtodoBoxing,theyjustthoughtIwasmad.Itwaslike,youcan’tdothat.Womendon’tbox.M:Howdoyouprepareforamatch?W:Well,actuallyIcometothetrainingcamptoprepareforamatch,soIcome8to10weeksbeforeeachmatch,justspendthefirstfewweeksgettingittoshape.Andthen6weeksout,westartgoingintofulltimetrainingtwiceaday,sometimes3timesaday.M:What’sthebestthingaboutbeingaprofessionalboxer?W:Um,certainlythefitnessisthebestsideofit.Imean,I’mfitandhealthyandfeelgreatinmyself.AndIgotalotofconfidenceaswell.AndlikeIsay,Imetsomegreatfriendstoo.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“ikumen”course?A．It’sforparents.B．It’sorganizedbythegovernment.C．It’scharged30,000yen.19．Whatistaughttodointhecourse?A．Cookingforkids. B．Gettingababydressed. C．Wearinga5kgpregnancyjacket.20．Whatisthemainpurposeofthistalk?A．Tointroducethe“ikumen”course.B．Tohelpbachelorslookforlove.C．Torecruitstudentsforauniversity.【答案】18．C19．B20．A【原文】W:Japanesebachelorslookingforlovecannowlearnparentingskillstoincreasetheirchancesoffindingapartner.Themale-only“ikumen”course,orparentingcourseformen,wasorganizedbyOsaka-basedcompany“ikumenUniversity”andwaspricedat30,000yen.Thecourseteachesparticipantshowtobatheanddressababyandalsohelpsthemunderstandawoman’sperspectiveonparentingthroughexercisessuchaswearinga7kgpregnancyjacket.Participantsalsolearnhowtoimprovecommunicationwithapotentialpartner.InstructorMr.TakeshiAkiyamasaidtheaimofthecoursewastohelpsinglemenlookmoreappealingtopotentialwives.“Iwantedtocreateaformofcertificationprovingaman’sparentingskillsandsupportformarriedlife,”Mr.Akiyamasaid.MasayaKurita,a31-year-oldbachelorlivinginTokyostartedthecourseafterlookingforawifeoverthelastsixmonths.“Duringtheself-reflectionpartofthecourseI’verealizedIhaveatendencytohidemyweaknesses.Ihopetobeabletoshowmymorevulnerablesideafterthis,”saidMr.MasayaKurita.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A※BrownGirlDreamingByJacquelineWoodsonAsawinneroftheNationalBookAward,theCorettaScottKingAward,andaNewberryHonorBook,inherbook,BrownGirlDreaming,theauthorusespoetrytotellhertruestoryofgrowingupasablackwomaninthe1960sand1970s.Woodson’sbeautifullanguageexploresbigideaswhiledescribingherfamily,hergrowingawarenessofraceandthecivilrightsmovement,andherlifeinSouthCarolinaandNewYorkCity.※WhenYouWereEverythingByAshleyWoodfolkCleoandLaylahavebeenbestfriendsforyears.Butintheirsecondyearofmiddleschool,everythingchanges.Laylastartshangingoutwithhernewfriends,andthetwogirls’friendshipslowlyends.Cleoisstilltryingtomakesenseofwhathappenedasshetriestomakenewfriends.Toldacrosstwotimelines,Cleo’sstoryofsadnesssurroundingalostfriendshipwillberelevantformany8thgraderstryingtodealwithpastmiddleschoolfrienddramaandlookingforwardtohighschool.※TheHoundoftheBaskervillesByArthurConanDoyleThefamousdetectiveSherlockHolmesandhisfriendWatsonsetouttolookintoanewcaseinDartmoor,England.Amanisdead,withmanydogpawprintsleadingtohisbody.HolmesandWatsonarriveinDartmoortofindseveralunexplainableeventsandclues.Together,theystarttofigureoutapuzzlethathasdefinedmysteryanddetectivefictioneversince.※TheHobbitByJ.R.R.TolkienThisstoryisanopenertothelongerandmorechallengingTheLordoftheRingstrilogy.It’sanadventurestorysetinafantasyworld.Withdwarves(小矮人),hobbits,swordfights,wizardsanddragons,thebook’splotandhumorhavestoodthetestoftime.21．HowisBrownGirlDreamingdifferentfromtheotherbooks?A．Itfocusesoncitylife. B．Itusesclearlanguage.C．Ithaswonmanyawards. D．Ittellshumorousstories.22．WhatisWhenYouWereEverythingmainlyabout?A．Friendshipandgrowth. B．Lostloveandgainedhope.C．Learningtobemoreindependent. D．Dealingwithpressurefromschoolwork.23．Whichbooksuitswhoeverwantstoreadaboutadventures?A．TheHobbit B．BrownGirlDreamingC．WhenYouWereEverything D．TheHoundoftheBaskervilles【答案】21．C22．A23．A【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍4本书。21．细节理解题。根据BrownGirlDreaming部分“AsawinneroftheNationalBookAward,theCorettaScottKingAward,andaNewberryHonorBook(作为国家图书奖、科瑞塔·斯科特·金奖和纽伯里荣誉书的得主)”可知，BrownGirlDreaming赢了很多的奖项。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据WhenYouWereEverything部分“CleoandLaylahavebeenbestfriendsforyears.Butintheirsecondyearofmiddleschool,everythingchanges.Laylastartshangingoutwithhernewfriends,andthetwogirls’friendshipslowlyends.Cleoisstilltryingtomakesenseofwhathappenedasshetriestomakenewfriends.Toldacrosstwotimelines,Cleo’sstoryofsadnesssurroundingalostfriendshipwillberelevantformany8thgraderstryingtodealwithpastmiddleschoolfrienddramaandlookingforwardtohighschool.(克莱奥和蕾拉是多年来最好的朋友。但到了中学二年级，一切都变了。蕾拉开始和她的新朋友们一起玩，两个女孩的友谊慢慢结束了。克莱奥在努力结交新朋友的同时，仍在努力理解所发生的事情。跨越两个时间线讲述，克莱奥关于失去友谊的悲伤故事将与许多试图处理过去的中学朋友戏剧并期待高中的八年级学生有关。)”可知，这本书讲述的是关于友谊和成长的故事。故选A。23．细节理解题。根据TheHobbit部分“ThisstoryisanopenertothelongerandmorechallengingTheLordoftheRingstrilogy.It’sanadventurestorysetinafantasyworld.(这个故事开启了更长、更具挑战性的《指环王》三部曲。这是一个以幻想世界为背景的冒险故事。)”可知，TheHobbit是一个以幻想世界为背景的冒险故事，适合想要阅读冒险故事的人。故选A。BAnArtClassWhenKellywastwelve,shestartedtakingclassesatMissGrace’sSchoolforArt.Shedidn’tlikeitatfirst:the“noviceartists”—thekidswhohadn’treallydoneartbefore-workedmostlywithclay,andKellywasaterriblesculptor.Itwasn’tuntilherthirdyearthatKellyfoundsomethingshewasreallygoodat-charcoaldrawing(素描).Shelovedwatchingthelinesspreadunevenlyacrossthepageasshemovedthebitsofcharcoalbackandforthoverthepaper.Oneday,Sophia,thebestartistinherclass,satdownandsetuphereasel(画架)nexttoKelly.Kellyfeltasinkingfeelinginherstomach.She’dactuallyfoundanartformthatsheenjoyedandwasgoodat-andnowSophiawasgoingtooutshineheragain?KellyfoughtbacktearswhenMissGraceenteredtheroom.“Helloclass,MissGracesaid.”We’llcontinuetoworkontheprojecttoday.WhatmasterpiecewouldSophiahavecomeupwith?KellylookedatSophia’seaselandshecouldn’tbelieveit-itwasamess!Forabriefmoment,Kellycouldn’tactuallybelieveherdrawingwasbetterthanSophia’s.ButthenshelookedatSophia,whowaswatchingKellywithananxiousexpression.“I….Icouldn’tdecidewhattodo,”Sophiasaid.“Andyou’resogood.SometimesIfeellikemystuffisjustsobadincomparison.”KellylookedtoseeifSophiawasjoking,butsheseemedcompletelyserious.NowKellywasshocked.“I’mnottalented...MissGraceseldompraisesme.You’rethebestoneinourclass!”Sophiaraisedhereyebrows.“Imightbeareallygoodcopierofthestuff,butIhavenoideawhattodowhenitcomestomakingupmyownimages.Youaresogreatatmakingnewthingsoutoftheoldstuff.I’velovedyourworks.”“I’velovedyours,too,”Kellysaid.“Well,definitelynotthisone,”Sophiasaid.Kellysmiled.“Maybenotrightnow.Butifyoumovetheselinesup...”shesaid,pointingherfingeronSophia’spaper.Sophiawasquietforamoment.“That’sagreatidea!”shesaidfinally.Kellysmiledandturnedbacktoherdrawing,lookingeverysooftenatSophia’sworktoseethatshewastakingheradvice,downtothelastline.24．WhenKellystartedclassesattheartschool,she_____.A．wasnotgoodatthecourse B．lackedconfidenceindrawingC．wasoftenpushedbyMissGrace D．didnotgetalongwiththeotherkids25．HowdidKellyfeelwhenSophiasatbesideher?A．Thrilled. B．Confused. C．Frustrated. D．Relieved.26．WhatdidKellydointheartclass?A．SheinspiredSophia. B．ShepraisedSophia’screativity.C．ShedecidedtooutshineSophia. D．ShefinishedthedrawingforSophia.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Interestisthebestteacher. B．Youarewhatyoubelievetobe.C．Everyonehastheirownstrengths. D．Hardworkwilleventuallypayoff.【答案】24．A25．C26．A27．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Kelly在一节艺术课上所发生的事情。24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Shedidn’tlikeitatfirst:the“noviceartists”—thekidswhohadn’treallydoneartbefore-workedmostlywithclay,andKellywasaterriblesculptor.(她一开始并不喜欢：那些“新手艺术家”——那些以前没有真正做过艺术的孩子——主要是用粘土创作的，而凯利是个糟糕的雕塑家。)”可知，当Kelly开始在艺术学校上课时，她不擅长这门课。故选A。25．推理判断题。根据第三段“Kellyfeltasinkingfeelinginherstomach.She’dactuallyfoundanartformthatsheenjoyedandwasgoodat-andnowSophiawasgoingtooutshineheragain?(Kelly感到胃里有一种下沉的感觉。她真的找到了一种自己喜欢并擅长的艺术形式，而现在索菲亚又要比她更耀眼了？)”可知，当索菲亚坐在凯莉身边时，她感觉到沮丧。故选C。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Kellysmiled.“Maybenotrightnow.Butifyoumovetheselinesup...”shesaid,pointingherfingeronSophia’spaper.(Kelly笑了。“也许不是现在。但是如果你把这些线往上移动……她用手指着索菲亚的纸说。)”和倒数第二段“That’sagreatidea!(好主意！)”可知，Kelly在美术课上启发了索菲亚。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第六段“Youaresogreatatmakingnewthingsoutoftheoldstuff.(你很擅长从旧事物中创造出新事物。)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到每个人都有自己的长处。故选C。CAnewstudyrevealsthatpigeons(鸽子)cantacklesomeproblemsjustlikeartificialintelligence,enablingthemtosolvedifficulttasksthatmightchallengehumans.Previousresearchhastheorizedthatpigeonsemployaproblem-solvingstrategy,involvingatrial-and-errorapproach,whichissimilartotheapproachusedinAImodelsbutdiffersfromhumans’relianceonselectiveattentionandruleuse.Toexamineit,BrandonTurner,apsychologyprofessorattheOhioStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesconductedthenewstudy.Inthestudy,thepigeonswerepresentedwithvariousvisualimages,includinglinesofdifferentwidthsandangles,anddifferenttypesofrings.Thepigeonshadtopeck(啄)abuttonontherightorlefttoindicatethecategorytowhichtheimagebelonged.Iftheygotitcorrect,theyreceivedfood;iftheywerewrong,theyreceivednothing.Resultsshowedthat,throughtrialanderror,thepigeonsimprovedtheiraccuracyincategorizationtasks,increasingtheircorrectchoicesfromabout55%to95%.Researchersbelievedpigeonsusedassociativelearning,whichislinkingtwophenomenawitheachother.Forexample,itiseasytounderstandthelink.between“water”and“wet”.“Associativelearningisfrequentlyassumedtobefartooprimitiveto.explaincomplexvisualcategorizationlikewhatwesawthepigeonsdo,”Turnersaid.Butthat’sexactlywhattheresearchersfound.Theresearchers’AImodeltackledthesametasksusingjustthetwosimplemechanismsthatpigeonswereassumedtouse:associativelearninganderrorcorrection.And,likethepigeons,theAImodellearnedtomaketherightpredictionstosignificantlyincreasethenumberofcorrectanswers.Forhumans,thechallengewhengiventaskslikethosegiventopigeonsisthattheywouldtrytocomeupwithrulesthatcouldmakethetaskeasier.Butinthiscase,therewerenorules,whichupsetshumans.What’sinteresting,though,isthatpigeonsusethismethodoflearningthatisverysimilartoAIdesignedbyhumans,Turnersaid.“Wecelebratehowsmartwearethatwedesignedartificialintelligence:atthesametime,weregardpigeonsasnotcleveranimals,”hesaid.28．Whatisthepurposeofthenewstudy?A．Totestatheory. B．Toevaluateamodel.C．Toemployastrategy. D．Toinvolveanapproach.29．Whatwerethepigeonsexpectedtodointheexperiment?A．Drawcircles. B．Correcterrors. C．Copygestures. D．Identifyimages.30．WhatdopigeonsandAIhaveincommonaccordingtothestudy?A．Theyareofequalintelligence.B．Theyaregoodatmakingrules.C．Theyrespondrapidlytoordersfromhumans.D．Theyemploysimplewaystogetthingsdone.31．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Pigeons’trial-and-errormethodisrevealedB．PigeonsoutperformhumansintoughtasksC．“Notsmart”pigeonsmaybeassmartasAID．AImodelsafterpigeons’learningapproach【答案】28．A29．D30．D31．C【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭示了鸽子在某些问题解决上的能力与人工智能相似，并通过实验验证了这一观点。28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Anewstudyrevealsthatpigeons(鸽子)cantacklesomeproblemsjustlikeartificialintelligence,enablingthemtosolvedifficulttasksthatmightchallengehumans.Previousresearchhastheorizedthatpigeonsemployaproblem-solvingstrategy,involvingatrial-and-errorapproach,whichissimilartotheapproachusedinAImodelsbutdiffersfromhumans’relianceonselectiveattentionandruleuse.Toexamineit,BrandonTurner,apsychologyprofessorattheOhioStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesconductedthenewstudy.(一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们能够解决可能挑战人类的困难任务。先前的研究推测，鸽子采用一种解决问题的策略，包括试错法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方法类似，但不同于人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授布兰登·特纳和他的同事进行了这项新研究)”可知，这项新研究的目的是为了检验一个理论。故选A项。29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthestudy,thepigeonswerepresentedwithvariousvisualimages,includinglinesofdifferentwidthsandangles,anddifferenttypesofrings.Thepigeonshadtopeck(啄)abuttonontherightorlefttoindicatethecategorytowhichtheimagebelonged.(在这项研究中，研究人员向鸽子展示了各种视觉图像，包括不同宽度和角度的线条，以及不同类型的环。鸽子必须啄一下图片左边或右边的一个按钮来表示图片所属的类别)”可知，鸽子在实验中需要识别图像。故选D项。30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Theresearchers’AImodeltackledthesametasksusingjustthetwosimplemechanismsthatpigeonswereassumedtouse:associativelearninganderrorcorrection.(研究人员的人工智能模型只使用了假设鸽子使用的两种简单机制：联想学习和纠错)”以及最后一段“What’sinteresting,though,isthatpigeonsusethismethodoflearningthatisverysimilartoAIdesignedbyhumans,Turnersaid.“Wecelebratehowsmartwearethatwedesignedartificialintelligence:atthesametime,weregardpigeonsasnotcleveranimals,”hesaid.(Turner说，有趣的是，鸽子使用的这种学习方法与人类设计的人工智能非常相似。他说：“我们为自己设计出人工智能而感到高兴，但同时，我们认为鸽子并不聪明。”)”可知，根据这项研究，鸽子和人工智能都采用简单的方法来完成任务。故选D项。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anewstudyrevealsthatpigeons(鸽子)cantacklesomeproblemsjustlikeartificialintelligence,enablingthemtosolvedifficulttasksthatmightchallengehumans.Previousresearchhastheorizedthatpigeonsemployaproblem-solvingstrategy,involvingatrial-and-errorapproach,whichissimilartotheapproachusedinAImodelsbutdiffersfromhumans’relianceonselectiveattentionandruleuse.Toexamineit,BrandonTurner,apsychologyprofessorattheOhioStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesconductedthenewstudy.(一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们能够解决可能挑战人类的困难任务。先前的研究推测，鸽子采用一种解决问题的策略，包括试错法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方法类似，但不同于人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授布兰登·特纳和他的同事进行了这项新研究)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了研究表明鸽子在某些问题解决上的能力与人工智能相似，因此选项C““Notsmart”pigeonsmaybeassmartasAI(“不聪明”的鸽子可能和人工智能一样聪明)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。DPoliticians,businessbosses,andothertypesofleadersindeedtendtolikespeakingwiththeirhands,butdoesthehabitinfluencehowothersinterpretthosewords?Togettothebottomofit,ateamofresearchersfromtheMaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguisticsconductedaseriesofexperimentsonvolunteerswhoviewedvideosofpeoplespeakingwithandwithouthandmovements.Aftershowingthevolunteersvideosofpeoplespeakingunderdifferentconditions,theresearchersaskedthemquestionsaboutwhattheyhadheard.Someconditionsinvolvedthespeakerstressingdifferentpartsofwordsinasentence.Otherconditionsinvolvedthespeakermakingvarioustypesofhandgestures,suchaspointingandsweepingmovements.Theteamrecordedthevolunteersastheyviewedthevideorecordings,questioningthevolunteersafterwardaboutwhattheyhadseenandheard.Researchersfoundthatthevolunteersweremoreaffectedbysyllables(音节)spokenwiththeconjunctionofhandgestures:In20percentofthecases,theviewersweremorelikelytohaveheardandinterpretedthewordspokenwithahandgesture.Interestingly,however,volunteerswere40percentmorelikelytohearthewrongsoundwhenamismatchbetweenthewordspokenandthehandgestureoccurred.BodylanguageexpertCarolGomansaid,“Studieshavefoundthatspeakingwithyourhandsreallycanchangetheviewofyourcharacter.Peoplewhocommunicatethroughactivegesturingtendtobeconsideredwarm,agreeable,andenergetic,whilethosewhoremainstillareseenaslogical,cold,andanalytic.Infact,a2015studythatstudiedTEDTalks,whichpostsinternationaltalksonline,foundthatthemostpopularspeakersusednearlytwiceasmanygesturesastheleastpopularspeakersused.”Theresearchteamsaidthattheirfindingssuggestthathandgesturesareanimportantpartofin-personcommunicationthathaveadirectimpactonwhatthelistenerhears.Furthermore,theysuggestthatourresponsestohandgesturesmaybesomethingwelearnaswegrowup.32．What’stheresearchers’purposeofdoingtheexperiments?A．Toexaminethevolunteers’interpretingskills.B．Testtheeffecthandgestureshaveonspeaking.C．Torecordthevolunteers’questionsforthespeaker.D．Toconfirmtheinfluencehandmovementshaveonleaders.33．Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheexperiments?A．Handmovementsaffectedwhatthelistenerheard.B．Thespeakerstresseddifferentpartsofwordsinasentence.C．Peoplespeakingwithdifferenthandgestureshaddifferenteffects.D．Themostpopularspeakersusedmoregesturesthantheleastpopularspeakersdid.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conjunction”meaninParagraph3?A．Assistance. B．Combination. C．Disturbance. D．Interpretation.35．Whatmaytheresearchersagreewith?A．Gesturescaninfluenceothers’viewonone’spersonality.B．Understandinggesturesisamustineverylanguage.C．In-personcommunicationhelpsinterpretgestures.D．Responsestogesturesarelearningbehavior.【答案】32．B33．A34．B35．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现，在谈话中使用或不使用手势会对听众产生很大影响。32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Politicians,businessbosses,andothertypesofleadersindeedtendtolikespeakingwiththeirhands,butdoesthehabitinfluencehowothersinterpretthosewords?Togettothebottomofit,ateamofresearchersfromtheMaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguisticsconductedaseriesofexperimentsonvolunteerswhoviewedvideosofpeoplespeakingwithandwithouthandmovements.(政治家、商业老板和其他类型的领导人确实倾向于用手说话，但是这种习惯会影响其他人如何理解这些话吗？为了弄清真相，马克斯·普朗克心理语言学研究所的一组研究人员对志愿者进行了一系列实验，这些志愿者观看了人们说话时有和没有手部动作的视频。)”可知，研究人员做实验的目的是测试手势对说话的影响。故选B。33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In20percentofthecases,theviewersweremorelikelytohaveheardandinterpretedthewordspokenwithahandgesture.Interestingly,however,volunteerswere40percentmorelikelytohearthewrongsoundwhenamismatchbetweenthewordspokenandthehandgestureoccurred.(在20%的情况下，观众更有可能听到并理解用手势说的话。然而，有趣的是，当说的话和手势不匹配时，志愿者听到错误声音的可能性要高出40%)”可知，研究人员在实验中发现手的动作会影响听者听到的内容。故选A。34．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In20percentofthecases,theviewersweremorelikelytohaveheardandinterpretedthewordspokenwithahandgesture.(在20%的案例中，观众更有可能听到并理解结合手势说的话。)”可推知，此处是指志愿者更容易受到与手势相结合的音节的影响，所以conjunction意为“结合”。故选B。35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Furthermore,theysuggestthatourresponsestohandgesturesmaybesomethingwelearnaswegrowup.(此外，他们还认为，我们对手势的反应可能是在成长过程中习得的。)”可推知，研究人员可能认同“对手势的反应是一种学习行为”的观点。故选D。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouidentifyasapeople-pleaser,youmightfeellikeit’simpossibletochange.Well-meaningfriendscantrytoencourageyoutojustbeyourself,butnomatterhowhardyoutry,youcan’tshakethaturgetokeepeveryonehappy.36Tellpeople-pleasingfrombeingpolite37Tobeabletotellthedifference,youshouldlookattheamountoftensionyoufeel.Forexample,whenyouseeafriendfinishhiswaterandyourefillhiscup,thatcancomeoutofnormalsensitivitytootherpeople’sneedsifyoufeelrelaxedwhenyoudoit.Butifyounoticeasenseofpressure,likesomethingbadwillhappenifyoudon’trefilltheirdrink,thenyou’reoperatingfromanxietyandfear.38Lotsoftimes,peoplewhotrytopleaseotherpeopleareextremelyquicktoreactinsocialsettings.Theyknowwhattosayrightawayandtheymoveintocaretakingimmediately.39Onesubtlebutpowerfultechniquetochangeyourhabitistodeliberatelydelayyourreactions,connectwithyourselfandthentrytohavetheinteractionoutofanauthenticpartofyourself.BereadyforrelationshipstochangeorendAsyouslowlystarttobecomeawareofyourneedsandevenstatethemoutloud,itcanbringinsomeessentialchangesinyourrelationships.Youmightrealizethatasyoumature,somefriendshipsarenotasrewardingorevenasequalasyouwouldlikethemtobe.40Ifyouhaveanemotionallyimmaturefriend,it’suptoyoutodecideifyouwanttoleavethefriendshiporusethatrelationshipasanopportunityformutualgrowth,iftheotherpersonalsoseemsinterestedinchanging.A．So,it’stimetoendtherelationship.B．Chang