定语从句综合

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载专题复习定语从句（一）一、定语：修饰,限定名词1.Heisanhonestboy.2.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.3.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.4.What’syourtelephonenumber?定语的位置1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.(单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）二、定语从句概念:在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.三、定语从句引导词1.定语从句中各个关系代词、关系副词的基本用法；1.掌握关系词（关系代词和关系副词）的用法关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，它们在定语从句中充当三个作用：引导作用、替代作用和成分作用。关系代词和关系副词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来；关系代词在从句中代替它前面的先行词，在从句中充当成分（主、宾、表、定）；关系副词在从句中总是作状语。定语从句引导词指人：who（主、宾），whom（宾），that（主、宾、表），whose（定），as（主、宾、表）定语从句引导词关系代词指物：that（主、宾、表），which（主、宾），whose（定），as（主、宾、表）关系副词when（时间状语）where（地点状语）why（原因状语）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Theperson____brokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboy_____iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman_______wemetatthegate？MrLee________youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Thegirl______motherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboy____________fatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabook_____givesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook________theteachermentioned.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：I’vereadthenewspaper_____________carriestheimportantnews.Whoistheperson____________isreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I’llneverforgetthetime___________weworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingontheday_____________Ileft.Istillremembertheday_________IfirstcametoBeijing.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.(介词＋which可以代替when)7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehouse___________welivedlastyear.Thefactory____________hisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.Thefactory______________hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.(介词＋which可以代替where)8、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。Iknowthereason___________hecamelate.Thereason___________hewaslatewasthathewasill.(for＋which可以代替why)2.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.用适当的关系词填空：

1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.

2.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.

3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.

4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.

5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.

6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.

7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?

8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?

9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?

10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?

11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.

12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.

13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.

14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.

15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.

16.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

17.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognized(认出)you.

18.Thisistheverynovelabout____we'vetalkedsomuch.

19.Thisistheway____hedidit.

20.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?

21.Who_____knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?

22.Whatelsewasthereinmybrother____youdidn'tlike?

23.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.

24.Helivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestothesouth.

25.ThisisMr.Johnfor____sonIbroughtabookyesterday.

26.ThisisMr.Johnfor_____Iboughtabookyesterday.

27.Thisisthehour_____theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.

28.Andthereisonepoint______I'dlikeyouradvice.

29.Winteristhetimeofyear______thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.

30.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace____youmayspendyourweekend.定语从句（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的四点区别区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。

例1.DoyourememberthegirlwhotaughtusEnglish?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?

例2.Clockisakindofinstrumentwhichcantellpeopletime.

钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。

例3.Thisistheplacewhereheusedtolive.这就是他过去居住的地方。

例4.Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmine.张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。

例5.Wewalkeddownthevillagestreet,wheretheywerehavingmarketday.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。

析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。区别二：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。从而导致含义不同比较下面的两个句子：Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)区别五：先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapannextweek.我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。Herfather,whohasalotofmoney,wisheshertostudyabroad.她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.

一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。

Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.

一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。区别六：关系词不同限制定语从句指人：who（主、宾），whom（宾），that（主、宾、表），whose（定），as（主、宾、表）限制定语从句关系代词指物：that（主、宾、表），which（主、宾）（只能单词），whose（定），as（主、宾、表）关系副词when（时间状语）where（地点状语）why（原因状语）=forwhich非限制定语从句指人：who（主），whom（宾），whose（定），as（主、宾、表）非限制定语从句关系代词指物：which（主、宾）（先行词可以是整个句子、短语、单词），whose（定），as（主、宾、表）关系副词when（时间状语）where（地点状语）forwhich限制性定语从句关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用thatC．可用who

代替whom

非限制性定语从句关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用that或why用forwhich代替C．不可用who

代替whom非限定性定语从句引导词who指人，做主语。YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeverybusy.whom指人,作宾语.Hehadmanyfriends,manyofwhomhadbeenintheuniversities.whose指人或物,作定语.TheChairman’sdaughter,whosenameisAnn,gaveTomasmile.which指物,做主语,宾语.Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.Thespeech,whichhehadwrittenonthepaper,seemedendless.where指地点,作状语.GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.when指时间,作状语.Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextmonth,whenwewillhavemadeallthepreparations.练习一：

1.

I’mtakingsomeweight-losspills,_______arequitepopularhere.2. Hisdaughter,_______isinBeijingnow,iscominghomenextweek.3. Mycousin,_______bodyisslim,stillwantstolosesomeweight.4. Mypillsareinthebathroom,______Ialwayskeepthem.5. We’llputofftheoutinguntilnextmonth,______Amyfeelsbetter.6. Myuncle,_______Itoldyouaboutyesterday,isanengineerandisworkinginBeijing.7. Hepassedtheexam,________surprisedallofus.8. Jimchangedhismind,______mademeveryangry.9. AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,______hegrewupasachild.10. Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcenter,______isalwaysbusyattheweekend.11. UncleTomlivesinamountainousvillage,______istwohours’ridefromhere.12. I’mleavingforTaiyuanonSunday,_______happenstobemybirthday.13. Itwasrainingheavily,_______keptmeindoorsthewholdday.14. Mike,______hobbyistravelling,hasdecidedtovisittheGreatWallnextmonth.15. RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______pricewasveryreasonable.16. MadamCurie,for_____lifehadbeenveryhardearlyinherlife,wasthefirstpersonintheworldtoreceivetwoNobelPrizes.17. ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,____________shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.18. Theman,_________________youborrowedthecinema,hasleftforShanghai.19. I,______amyourbestfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.20. Ilostabook,_______titleIcan’tremembernow.21. CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_______Idoubtverymuch.22. Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.23. Talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress,_____isreportedinthenewspaper

24.Ascientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscoveryabouthumangenes,______Ithinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.25. Wewillbeshownaroundthecity,schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_____othervisitorsseldomgo.▲as引导的定语从句，限定性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语。常与thesame…as;such…as；so…as；as…asIlikethesamebookasyoulike.Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.Heisthesameageasyou(are).Hewillgiveyousuchinformationaswillhelpyou.I’ve

never

heard

such

stories

as

he

tells.

我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。

He

is

not

such

a

fool

as

he

looks.

他可不象他看上去的那样傻。

This

is

the

same

dictionary

as

I

lost

last

week.

这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。在thesame…后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：that引出的定语从句，指的是与先行词同一事物；而as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。IwanttousethesametoolthatIusedyesterday.IwanttousethesametoolasIusedyesterday.She

wore

the

same

dress

that

she

wore

at

Mary’s

wedding.

她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。

She

wore

the

same

dress

as

her

younger

sister

wore.

她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。非限定性定语从句as①做主语,表语,宾语;先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.Thismachine，asmightbeexpected，hasstoppedoperating．②位置可放在主句前,句中也可放在主句后.Thismachinehasstoppedoperating，asmightbeexpected.Thismachine，asmightbeexpected，hasstoppedoperating．asmightbeexpected,thismachinehasstoppedoperating．③意思：“正如、正像”的含义。Thismachinehasstoppedoperating，asmightbeexpected.Thismachine，asmightbeexpected，hasstoppedoperating．asmightbeexpected,thismachinehasstoppedoperating．Thismachine，asmightbeexpected，hasstoppedoperating．④在很多情况下已经构成固定搭配.aseverybodycansee/aswasusual/ascanbeseen/asIexpectedasisknowntoall,/asmaybeimagined/asyouknow/asisexpectedasisreported/asisoftensaid/asisannouncedashasbeensaidbefore如前所述asoftenhappens正像经常发生的那样asiswellknown众所周知aswillbeshowninFig3将如图3所示asweallcansee正如我们大家看到的那样as和which

引导的非限制性定语从句区别as

和which

引导非限制性定语从句时，

其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：as①做主语,表语,宾语;先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.②位置可放在主句前,句中也可放在主句后.③意思：“正如、正像”的含义。④在很多情况下已经构成固定搭配.which引导的非限制定从特点：做主语,表语,宾语;先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.位置只可放在主句后.意思：“这，这样”的含义。常与前面的主句有因果关系相同点：

as

和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

He

married

her,

as

/

which

was

natural.

他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

He

is

honest,

as

/

which

we

can

see.

他很诚实，

这一点我们看得出来。

不同点：As

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.

众所周知，中国是发展中国家。

He

is

from

the

south,

as

we

can

know

from

his

accent.

他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。

John,

as

you

know,

is

a

famous

writer.

正如你所知，

约翰是个著名作家。

Zhang

Hua

has

been

to

Paris

more

than

ten

times,

which

I

don’t

believe.

张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不

Tom

was

late

for

school

again

and

again,

which

made

his

teacher

very

angry.

汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼

These

tables

are

made

of

metal,

which

made

them

very

heavy.

这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。

(三)

以the

way为先行词的限制性▲定语从句通常由in

which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：

The

way

(that

/

in

which

)

he

answered

the

questions

was

surprising.

他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。

I

don’t

like

the

way

(that

/

in

which)

you

laugh

at

her.

我不喜欢你冲她的样子。练习二：1.John,_______youknow,isafamouswriter.2.I’veneverheardsuchstories_______hetells.3.Thisisthesamedictionary_______Ilostlastweek.4._______youexpected,heturnedupontime.5._________issaidabove,hehasconqueredthedifficulty.6.Hehassucceededinhiscareer,________weallhope.7.Hergrandmadiedlastweek,________madeherverysad.8.Theway_______heansweredthequestionswassurprising.9.Thatwastheway_____hedidit.定语从句（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一、关系副词when,where,why=介词+whichwhen=in/on/at…+which,

where=in/on/at…+which,

why=for+which如：Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehasn’tcometoday.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.二、whose+n引导的定语从句可变为另外两种形式，即：①the+n.+ofwhich/whom…②ofwhich/whom+the+n.…Wearestudyinginaclassroom_____________________facesouth.=Wearestudyinginaclassroom______________________facesouth.=Wearestudyinginaclassroom__________________________facesouth.我们在一个窗户朝南开的教室里学习。Doyouknowthatman________________________areblue?=Doyouknow___________________________areblue?=Doyouknow____________________________areblue?你认识那个眼睛是蓝色的男人吗？对于这种定语从句形式的考查，一般都在定冠词the上做文章，一定要注意选项中是否有the。三、介词+关系代词whichwhomwhose+n1.Therecomesmyfriend,forwhomIhavewaitingforanhour.2.Doyouknowthegirltowhomourteacherwastalking?=Doyouknowthegirl(that/who/whom)ourteacherwastalkingto?3.Theschool(that/which)mybrotheroncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichmybrotheroncestudiedisveryfamous.4.Mymothermissedherbestfriendwithwhomsheworkedinheryouth.5.TheEnglishplayinwhichmystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.6.Doyourecognizetheboyaboutwhosesisterpeopletalk?四、“介词+关系代词”前有some，any，none，neither，both，all，most，each，few等代词或者数词时，可构成由“名词（代词、数词）+of+which/whom”来引导的定语从句。如：Therearethirtystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefromvillages.一、根据句子意思，在下列句子的第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个空白处填入关系代词whom或which。1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowistheheadmasterthatItoldyouabout.2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingismine.3.Hillary,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.4.Thetwothings_________IwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.6.Thestoriesaboutthecivilwar,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.二、1.Theship,____theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalledtheMayflower.2.Thefamily_________IstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.3.Hehaswrittenabook,thename_________Ihavecompletelyforgotten.4.Itisafamilyof8children,all____arestudyingmusic.5.Canyousuggestatime_____itwillbeconvenienttomeet?6.Thetown,_________theycame,wasinthenorthoftheprovince.7.Herearesomeblouses,none____suitsme.8.Thefurcoat______theladywasdressedwasveryexpensive.9.Theemperor,________thepalacewasbuilt,wasverycruel.10.LittlePeterhadadream______hewastakentotheamusementpark.11.Hespentawonderfulsummer,_____hejoinedusinthecampingtrip.12.Themoney,____heboughtthebike,wasgivenbyhisgrandfather.13.Thebuses,mostof________werealreadyfull,lefttheschooloneafteranother.14.AnnWhite,______wereceivedtheinvitation,livesnextdoortous.15.Thestory,________thefilmisbased,isatrueone.定语从句（四）定语从句基础练习一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.二、1.WearelearningEnglish,alanguage_____isusedinmanyplacesintheworld.2.MostAmericansloveChinesefood,____iscookedinadifferentwayfromwesternfood.3.Thismagazinebelongstotheteacher____teachesushistory.4.Anyone____comestoChinawillsurelyvisittheGreatWallnearBeijing.5.Anyone____hasacoldshouldhaveagoodrest.6.Thehouse_____standsonthetopofthehillwasbuiltlastmonth.7.Themedicine_____heboughtisgoodforyourhealth.8.Heistheonlyperson______sawtheaccidentyesterday.9.Tomistryingtoreadintheroom_____theothersarewatchingTV.10.Wewon’tforgettheday_____theherowaskilled.11.Thestudent__theteachersaretalkingabouthaswonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.12.Thenewspaper____youarereadingistwodaysold.13.Doyourememberthetime_______wegotlostinthepark?14.I’llneverforgetthetime____wespenttogetherinthearmycamp.15.Theyarebuildingahospitalonthestreet___weusedtolive.16.Thepresent_____hegaveheryesterdayeveningisstillunopened.17.Happinessisoneofthethings_____moneycannotbuy.18.Thisisthehospital______hermotherworks.19.I’llneverforgettheday_______IjoinedtheLeague.20.Thehouse________waspulleddownlastweekisbeingrebuilt.21.Theman_______wifediedlastyearhasgonetoJapan.22.Tellmethereason______theAmericanladyleft.23.Doyouknowtheboy______waspraisedatthemeeting?24.Iknowthegirl________theteacherpraisedyesterday.25.Allenisthegirl________Ithinkwillsucceedinthetest.26.Everything____Iknowwillbetaughttothestudents.27.Thisisthebestfilm_____Ihaveeverseen.28.Themanagerwalkedtowardthegate____theworkersarewaiting.29.Youcan’tgointothisroom_______theyarehavingameeting.30.Istillrememberthedays_____westudiedtogether.31.Thepicture____hasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.32.Don’tmakethesamemistak