安徽省合肥市2024届高三年级下册第二次教学质量检测（二模）英语试卷(含答案)

安徽省合肥市2024届高三下学期第二次教学质量检测（二模）英语

试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

Volunteeringhaschangedoverthesepastfewyearsandvirtualvolunteeringishereto

stay!FindyourperfectremoteopportunitybybecomingaSenseVirtualBuddyingvolunteer.

TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy（朋友）

Sensematchesvolunteerswithdisabledpeoplewhohavesimilarintereststoensure

youllhavelotsoffuntogether.Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweachother

remotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.Youllarrangeweekly

sessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbegaming,doingartsandcrafts,

playingmusic,planting-therearesomanypossibilities!Wewillprovideyouwithweekly

themedactivitiestohelptosupportyouinplanningyourinteractionswithyourbuddy.

WhatWeCanOfferYou

Beforeyoustartyourvolunteeringrole,wellmakesurethatyou'vehadthetrainingyou

needtofeelconfident.Thiswillbedeliveredonlineandthroughvideocalls.Whileyou're

volunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,youllalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteering

andreferences（ifrequired）,reimbursement（报销）ofpre-agreedexpenses（upto£25）.

andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingareal

differencetoaperson'slife.

WhoWeAreLookingfor

Weneedvolunteerswhoaregoodatexpressingtheirideasandfeelingsandare

passionateaboutsupportingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestocommunicateandexperience

theworld.We'realsoalwayslookingforvolunteerswhohaveknowledgeorexperienceof

BritishSignLanguage.Youdon'tneedtohavepreviousexperienceofvolunteeringornursing

disabledpeople.

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheroleorwouldlikesomemoreinformation,

pleasecontactthevolunteeringteamatyolunteer@.

1.Whatisavirtualbuddysupposedtodo?

A.Evaluateweeklythemedactivities.

B.Meetthedisabledinpersoneveryweek.

C.Matchbuddiesbasedonsimilarinterests.

D.Havevirtualinteractionswithamatchedbuddy.

2.Whichofthefollowingwillbeofferedtothevolunteers?

A.Freein-personjobtraining.B.Awrittenrecordofvolunteering.

C.Reimbursementoftravelexpenses.D.Achancetomeetthefounders.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthenecessaryqualificationtobeavirtualbuddy?

A.Masteringaforeignlanguage.B.Goodknowledgeaboutnursing.

C.Beingcommunicativeandhelpful.D.Previousvolunteeringexperience.

WhenIwasateenageboy,myparentssignedmeupinalocaljuniorgolfcamp.From

thatmoment,mylifehasbeenprettymuchdevotedtothegame.

WhenIplaygolf,there'salwaysachanceofmakingsomethingmagicalhappen-whether

it'sbreakingapersonalrecordorpotentiallymakingahole-in-one.Thisistheaspectofgolf

thatattractedmeingrowingup.However,IhadtotakeabreakbecauseIcouldn'treally

affordtoplaywhileincollege,sufferingfromburnout.I'dstillgooutonceinawhiletoplay

withfriends,butforthefirsttimesincemyteens,Iwasawayfrommycommunity.

Severalyearslater,myenthusiasmforplayinggolfwasinspiredagain.Ibecame

familiarwiththegameagainafterplayingonandoffatLangstonGolfCourse.Fromthe

momentIarrived,thisplacefeltlikeoneofthecourseswhereIgrewup:Amodestspot

wherepeopleofallworking-classbackgroundscametoexperiencethegame,eatlunchor

haveadrink.AplacewheregolferswhoareBlack,brownandwomenarewelcomed.

ThesenseofcommunityI'veregainedwiththegameismorethanIcouldVeever

imagined.Ilikehikingaround,chasingalittlewhiteballaroundagolfcourse.Ialsolike

connectingwitholdfriendsandmeetingnewones.SomeI'vebeenplayingwithsincehigh

school,andourtextthreadsareloadedwithtrashtalkaboutwho'splayingwellandwhoisn't.

They'reusuallytheonesspurringmetopracticeandgetbetter.Weshareexperiencesonthe

golfcoursethatarememorableandhavestoriesfordays:Mycircleonlyseemstobe

expanding,andPmexcitedtoseewhatthefuturebolds.

4.Whywastheauthoronceawayfromhisgolfcommunity?

A.Hecouldn'tsparetimetoplaygolf.B.Hedidn'tfeelasenseofachievement.

C.HewantedtomakemorenewfriendsD.Hetriedtogetoutofhisparents*control

5.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutLangstonGolfCourse?

A.ItcarriedhispastmemoriesB.Itremindedhimtokeepmodest

C.Itofferedhimasenseofbelonging.D.Itwitnessedhisaccomplishments

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"spurring"inparagraph4mean?

A.Hating.B.Warning.C.ForbiddingD.Pushing.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Golf:MyJourneytoGreatnessB.Golf.MoreThanaGametoMe

C.DiscoveringEnthusiasmforGolfD.PursuingPerfectionThroughGolf

Somelanguagesarerapid-fireandothersmoreunhurriedbutthereisnodifferenceinthe

speedatwhichinformationisshared,accordingtothenewresearch.

Theworld's7000orsolanguagesdiffergreatlynotonlyintheirrangeofavailable

phonemes-theunitsofsoundthatmakeupspeech,butalsointhepaceatwhichthese

buildingblocksarethrowntogetherinspeech.Butthenewresearchintotheinformation

contentinspeechshowsthatlanguagesallowtheirspeakerstocommunicateaboutthesame

amountofinformationperseconddespitewidevariationsinthespeedofspeech.

Tounderstandthisbetter,researchersledbyChristopheCoupefromtheUniversityof

LyonandYoonOhfromtheUniversityofCanterburystudiedrecordingsof170nativeadult

speakersof17EuropeanandAsianlanguages.Eachspeakerreadasetofstandardizedtexts

containingabout240,000syllables（音节）.Theresearchersfoundthatthefastestlanguage

hit9.1syllablespersecond,andtheslowestamere4.3.Butthiswascancelledoutbythe

amountofinformation,measuredinbits,thateachsyllablecontained.Thisvaried

significantly,from4.8bitspersyllableforBasqueto8.0bitspersyllableforVietnamese.

Thestudyfoundlanguagesthatpackalotofinformationintosoundsandsyllablestend

tobespokenmoreslowly,whilethosewithalowinformationdensity（密度）aredelivered

morerapidly.Whilespeechratandinformationdensityfluctuate（波动）widely,the

informationrate-thespeedatwhichinformationisdelivered-staysconsistentlyaround39.

15bitspersecond.

Theresearcherssaythisappearstorepresentaoptimal（最佳的）ratforgivingand

receivinginformation.Languagesseemtostablyinhabitanoptimalrangeofinformation

rates,awayfromtheextremesthatcanstillbeavailabletoindividualspeakers.Ofcourse,not

everybodyspeaksattheoptimalinformationrate.Weallknowpeoplewhotalktooquickly

orslowly,andthenewresearchmaycastlightonwhywefindlisteningtothemhardwork.

8.Whathasthenewresearchfoundout?

A.Languagestendtoconveyinformationwithsimilarefficiency.

B.Languageshavenearlythesamerangeofavailablephonemes

C.Thenumberoflanguageshasgraduallydecreasedtoabout7000.

D.Thespeedofspeechisdeterminedbytheinformationcontent.

9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

B.Abriefintroductionoftheresearchprocess.

C.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

D.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

10.WhatcanwelearnfromthefindingofChristophe'sstudy?

A.Morewordsinspeechconveymoreinformation

B.Theinformationrateremainsatareasonablelevel.

C.Thespeechratecanaffecttheinformationdensity.

D.Languageswithmoresyllablesaredeliveredfaster

11.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheoptimalinformationrate?

A.Itcanleadtosmoothcommunication.

B.Itmayresultinthedifficultyoflistening

C.Itstaysthesameforindividualspeakers.

D.Itpreventsspeakersfromgoingtoextremes.

OutintheAtlanticOcean,roughly60milesoffthenorthwestcoastofAfrica,liethe

CanaryIslands.Inthe1950s,theboominpackagetourismshowedpromiseasanewcash

crop.ButwhiletheCanaryIslandshadthesunshine,warmclimateandeaseofaccessfrom

Europeneededforthisnewindustry,theyweremissingavitalelement-picture-postcard

sandybeaches.

SothedevelopersonTenerifeintheCanaryIslandsconstructedabreakwater（防波堤）

overhalfamilelong.Andthen,fromtheWesternSaharaonAfrica'snorthwestcoast,they

shippedin270,000tonsofsand.By1973,theprojectwascomplete.Asanticipated,tourists

arrived.Alongtheengineeredbeach,rowsandrowsoftouristsrelaxonbeachchairsunder

umbrellasorwalkacrosssoftsandtocooldowninthewater.

Unanticipatedwaswhattheirpresencegavetooneoftheworld*smostendangeredfish

species,angelsharks-visibility.Thegentlewindcreatestinywavesonthewater'ssurface,a

magicalcoverforwhatliesbeneath-anangelsharknursery.Femaleangelharkregularly

migrate（迁徙）totheseideallyshelteredwaterstogivebirthtopups（幼崽），whoremain

intheshallowsforaboutayear.Feedingonsmallfishes,theygrowtoaroundthesamelength

asanewbornhumanbaby.

SurveyshaveshownthatotherbeachesintheCanaryIslandsarealsopotentialnursery

sites.Interestingly,mostofthemhavebeenremadetomakethemmoreattractivetopeople.

PlayaChicahasanotherlongsweepofimportedsand.It'sanattractionfordiversaswellas

angelsharks,sothenumberofsightingsofmatureangelsharksofthisshorelineisoneof

highestintheislands.

Normally,massive,environmentallydisruptiveprojectsarebadforwildlife.Butwhat's

clearisthatafterthebreakwaterwasbuiltandthesandarrived,peoplefollowed,andinthe

calm,shallowwaterstheybegantoseebabyangelsharks.Andunlikehowmanyan

associationbetweenhumansandwildlifeends-inconflictanddeadanimals-thistimeitledto

conservation.

12.WhydidthedevelopersonTenerifecarryouttheproject?

A.Tobuildabaseforshipping.B.Tofightagainsttherisingsea.

C.Toboostthelocaltourismindustry.D.Toprotecttheisland'seco-system.

13.Whatwasanunexpectedresultoftheproject?

A.Itgaveangelsharksahome.

B.Itmadeamagicaltouristattraction.

C.Itcausedthedisappearanceofsomefishes.

D.Itcreatedconflictsbetweensharksandtourists.

14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheengineeredbeach?

A.Intolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Favorable.

15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tohighlightthefinancialbenefitsoftourism.

B.Toexplainthesituationofendangeredspecies.

C.Tointroducepotentialhuman-wildlifecoexistence.

D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofwildlifeconservation.

二、七选五

16.Ifyou'veevertriedsomethingbig,thenyou'veprobablyhadtodealwithdoubtata

certainpoint.Nomatterhowoftenyoufaceit,doubtcanbedepressing.①Insituations

wheredoubtarises,considerthesemethodsbelow,andyoucansilencedoubtandputyour

besteffortstowardyourgoals

•②Doingthisstimulatestherewardcenter,trickingyourmindintofocusingon

completingthetasktoexperiencetheachievement.Andimaginingdesiredoutcomescan

havepotentialbenefitsincludingimprovedmotivationandconfidence.

•Lookbackonpastwins.Reflectingisapowerfulwaytotellyourselfthatyou're

capableofdoingmuchmore.Getridofdoubtbyenteringreflectionmodeandreminding

yourselfthatyouarecapableofgettingthingsdone.（3）

•Meditate（冥想）regularly.（4）Butbymeditatingregularly,youcankeepyour

energylevelshighinthefaceofchallengesandpressureandstayabovedoubt.Itisa

powerfultooltokeepyourmindclearaboutyourgoalsandgetyourdesiredmission

accomplished.

•Takeactiononyourplans.Asuresignthatself-doubthasyouinitsgraspisthatyou

arebeginningtobuyintotheexcusesyoumake.⑤Takingactionisthemosteffective

methodtosilencedoubtwhensensingit.Don'tletthedoubtholdyouback:useittomotivate

yourself.Thenyoullbefueledtomovetowardyourmission.

A.Visualizesuccess.

B.Buildarewardsystem

C.Itisabigchallengetostrengthenyourmotivation

D.Stressandanxietyallowroomforweaknessanddoubt.

E.Itcanalsoweakenyourdeterminationtogetthingsdone

F.Thiswillultimatelypreventyoufrombeingabletoaccomplishyourgoals.

G.Afterall,thereminderthatyouhaveovercomedoubtisabigconfidenceboost

三、完形填空（15空）

WhenIwas15,mymotherandIimmigratedtoasmalltowninTexas,America.My

Englishwas]evenforsimpleconversations,makingmestrugglebothsociallyand_2

atschool.WelivedbelowthepovertylineandmyAmericanstepfathersubjectedmymother

andmetoalotof3,causingmymothertobehospitalizedforseveredepression.Notlong

afterIturned18,I4oursmallapartment.Inthefollowingmonths,Iwenttothesmall

local5workingpart-timejobstofundmystudies.AtnightIcouchsurfedatfriends!

places.I6worriedaboutmynextmealandwhereIwasgoingtospendthenight.Despite

greathardship,Ineverlost7,hopingforabrightfuture.

Finally,Icould8myownlife:WhenIwas19,Imanagedtotransfer（转入）toa

largeruniversity,wheremymotherjoinedme.Duringadepartmentsocial,Igottoknow

somethingcalled9Icontactedeveryprofessorinthedepartmentaskingforaresearch

10untilonetookmeon.Atage20,IwasexcitedtoseethetheoriesIlearnedinthe

classroom11.Interactingwithgraduatestudentswhoseemedquitesmartand

knowledgeableinspiredmyowndesiretopursuea12inresearch.Iseizedevery

opportunityto13researchexperienceatvariousinstitutionsandinarangeofdisciplines.

I'mnow6yearsintomyPh.D.programand14whatI'vedone.ReflectingonhowI

gothere,I15thatadesiretolearnandwillingnesstoputinthenecessaryeffortcanreally

makeadifference.

17.A.accurateB.fluentC.insufficientD.unmistakable

18.A.athleticallyB.academicallyC.professionallyD.financially

19.A.dignityB.sympathyC.toleranceD.abuse

20.A.rentedoutB.escapedfromC.paintedD.repaired

21.A.collegeB.marketC.clubD.company

22.A.constantlyB.suddenlyC.temporarilyD.casually

23.A.balanceB.patienceC.interestD.faith

24.A.extendB.continueC.controlD.imagine

25.A.professionB.researchC.disciplineD.education

26.A.positionB.budgetC.projectD.standard

27.A.takeplaceB.takepowerC.cometolifeD.comeintobeing

28.A.promotionB.storyC.strategyD.career

29.A.provideB.accumulateC.shareD.change

30.A.anxiousaboutB.guiltyaboutC.tiredofD.proud

of

31.A.appreciateB.doubtC.promiseD.swear

四、短文填空

32.HuangDanian,anotedChinesegeophysicist(物理学)，①(devote)himselfto

scienceandmadegreatcontributionstoChina'sdeepearthexploration.

Bornin1958inNanning.Guangxi,Huang'spassion②geophysicsstartedfroman

earlyage.In1993,hewenttoEnglandforfurtherstudies,andearnedhisdoctor'sdegreein

geophysics,(3)(rank)thetopofhisclass.Huanglaterjoinedageophysicalservice

companyinCambridgetogainfirst-handexperience.

DuringhisstayinEngland,Huangremained(4)___(commit)tohismotherland.Helong

dreamedofgoingbackto"servemycountrywithmywholeheart*'.Theopportunitycamein

2008.⑤Chinalaunchedanationalprogramforglobaltoptalent.⑥(participate)in

theprogram.Huangquithisjobwithno⑦___(hesitate)andreturnedtoChinaasoneofthe

firstprofessionals.

Uponreturn,Huang(8)(appoint)chiefscientistofChina'sbiggestdeepearth

explorationprogram.Huangworked⑨___(tireless)aroundtheclock.ThankstoHuangand

histeam'sefforts.Chinamade⑩___significantbreakthroughindeepearthexploration.

Huangpassedawayattheageof58.Hispassingleftthescientificcommunityinsorrow,

buthewillberememberedforeverforhisdevotiontohisfieldandtheloveofhismotherland.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是李华，你校外教Adele计划拍短视频向她的亲友介绍你们的校园生活，为

此征求你的建议，请你给她回一封邮件，内容包括：

1.推荐拍摄内容：

2.陈述推荐理由。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右：

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearAdele,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

Besidethesink,therewastheflourbinandabottleofbuttermilk,thepaleboxofbaking

soda(发酵粉),aboxofdriedgrapes,aboxofsalt,andatinofcaraway(葛缕子)seeds.On

thesmalltablebeneaththewindow,abowlandaspoonandthemeasuringcup.Therewasas

wellanarrowcardonwhichshehadwritteninhercarefulhandtherecipeforsodabread.

Itwastime,mymothersaid,thatIlearnedafewthingsaboutcooking.Istoodinthe

kitchendoorway,allunwillingness.Why?Iwantedtoask.

Mymothertiedanapron（围裙）aroundmywaist."Allright,"shesaid.Shenode

towardthetable,thebowlandthespoonandtherecipecard.Ilookedather.Themorning

sunlightthroughthesinglewindowlitthedownonhercheeks.Itshowedherbrowneyeshad

somegreeninthem,too.Andthatoneithersideofhertallforeheadherdarkhairwasturning

gray.

"Goahead,"mymothersaid."Getstarted.nAndwhenshesawmehesitate,sheputher

handonmyshoulderandturnedmetowardthetableandthebowlandthespoon.nReadthe

recipeoverandthengatheryouringredients,"shesaidslowly."They'reallrighthere.Ill

watchandhelp.*'

"Readitover,"mymothersaid.AndInodded,pretendingto.Thesunthroughthesingle

windowwasbrightinmyeyes.

“Nowgatherwhatyouneed."Ipickeduptheflourbinandbroughtittothetable.I

pickedupthebuttermilkandthedrygrapes.Iwentbackforthesaltandthetinofcaraway

seedsandthenstoodbeforethebowlandthespoonandthemeasuringcup.Beyondthe

window,beyondthegraybarsofthefireescape,thewashmymotherhaddonethismorning

waswavingontheline-sheets,myschoolblousesandmyfather'sshirts,whichwerehung

upsidedown,theirarmswavinginawaythatmademegrowdizzyinsympathy.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

"Haven'tyouforgottensomething"mymothersaidbehindme.

Twenty-fiveminuteslater,Itookthebreadoutofthestove.

参考答案

1.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweach

otherremotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You'llarrange

weeklysessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbegaining,doingartsand

crafts,playingmusic,planting一therearesomanypossibilities!"（一旦与朋友配对，你就

可以通过视频通话、电话、短信、电子邮件或信件远程认识对方。你会安排每周的会

议，一起计划有趣的事情。你可以玩游戏，做艺术和手工艺，演奏音乐，种植一有很

多的可能性!）可知，一个虚拟的朋友应当与配对成功的朋友进行虚拟的远程互动，故

选D。

2.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中"Whileyou'revolunteeringwithusasavirtual

buddy,you'llalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences（ifrequired）,

reimbursement（报销）ofpre-agreedexpenses（upto£25）,andgreatopportunitiestodevelop

newskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingarealdifferencetoaperson'slife."（当

你志愿与我们作为一个虚拟的朋友，你也会得到一个书面记述的志愿服务和参考（如果

需要），报销提前同意的费用（最高25英镑），和良好的机会来发展新技能和了解新的

人，同时能真正改变一个人的生活。）可知，与原文相符的是"一个志愿活动的书面记

载"，故选B。

3.答案：C

解析：推理判新题。根据原文第四段中"Weneedvolunteerswhoaregoodatexpressing

theirideasandfeelingsandarepassionateaboutsupportingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilities

tocommunicateandexperiencetheworld.We'realsoalwayslookingforvolunteerswho

haveknowledgeorexperienceofBritishSignLanguage.Youdon'tneedtohaveprevious

experienceofvolunteeringornursingdisabledpeople."（我们需要那些善于表达他们的想

法和感受，并热衷于支持那些患有复杂残疾的残疾人来交流和体验世界的志愿者。我

们也一直在寻找有英国手语知识或经验的志愿者。你不需要有志愿服务或护理残疾人

的经验。）可知，与原文相符的qualification是要求志愿者有良好的沟通能力和乐于助

人，故选C。

4.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"However,IhadtotakeabreakbecauseIcouldn't

reallyaffordtoplaywhileincollege,sufferingfromburnout.Fdstillgooutonceinawhile

toplaywithfriends,butforthefirsttimesincemyteens,Iwasawayfrommy

community."（然而，我不得不休息一下，因为我在大学期间真的抽不出时间比赛，因为

精疲力尽。我仍然会偶尔出去和朋友们一起玩，但从我十几岁以来，我第一次离开了

我的社区。）可知，作者中途离开高尔夫社区是因为上大学期间无法抽出时间，故选A

项。

5.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中"FromthemomentIarrived,thisplacefeltlikeoneof

thecourseswhereIgrewup:Amodestspotwherepeopleofallworking-classbackgrounds

cametoexperiencethegame,eatlunchorhaveadrink.AplacewheregolferswhoareBlack,

brownandwomenarewelcomed."（从我到达的那一刻起，这个地方感觉就像是我成长的

过程之一:一个不起眼的地方，所有工薪阶层背景的人都来这里体验游戏、吃午餐或喝

酒。一个欢迎黑人、棕色人和女性高尔夫球手的地方。）可知在这个高尔夫球场，作者

有了归属感，故选C项。

6.答案：D

解析：词义猜测题。根据所在句"They'reusuallytheonesspurringmetopracticeandget

better.”（他们通常是那些激励我去练习和变得更好的人）可知，该词的意思是“激励;促

使”，故选D项。

7.答案：B

解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了打小就开始热爱的高尔夫球运动对个人成长的意义，

这就不仅仅是一项比赛了。故选B项。

8.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theworlds7000orsolanguagesdiffergreatlynot

onlyintheirrangeofavailablephonemes一theunitsofsoundthatmakeupspeech,butalso

inthepaceatwhichthesebuildingblocksarethrowntogetherinspeech.Butthenew

researchintotheinformationcontentinspeechshowsthatlanguagesallowtheirspeakersto

communicateaboutthesameamountofinformationperseconddespitewidevariationsinthe

speedofspeech."（世界上大约7000种语言不仅在可用音素-构成语音的声音单位的范

围上有很大的不同，而且在这些语音组成语块的节奏上也有很大的不同。但对语音中

信息内容的新研究表明，尽管语音速度差异很大，但语言允许说话者每秒交流大约相

同数量的信息量。）可知“语言倾向于以相似的效率传递信息”，故选A。

9.答案：B

解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段"Tounderstandthisbetter,researchersledbyChristophe

CoupefromtheUniversityofLyonandYoonOhfromtheUniversityofCanterburystudied

recordingsof170nativeadultspeakersof17EuropeanandAsianlanguages.Eachspeaker

readasetofstandardizedtextscontainingabout240,000syllables（音节）.Theresearchers

foundthatthefastestlanguagehit9.1syllablespersecond,andtheslowestamere4.3.But

thiswascancelledoutbytheamountofinformation,measuredinbits,thateachsyllable

contained.Thisvariedsignificantly,from4.8bitspersyllableforBasqueto8.0bitsper

syllableforVietnamese."（为了更好地理解这一点，由里昂大学的克里斯托夫•库佩和

坎特伯雷大学的吴尹教授领导的研究人员研究了170名母语为17种欧洲和亚洲语言的

成年人的录音。每个演讲者阅读一组包含约24万个音节的标准化文本。研究人员发

现，最快的语言达到每秒达到9.1个音节，最慢的只有4.3个音节。但这被每个音节所

包含的以比特表示的信息量所抵消了。这一变化很大，从巴斯克语的每音节4.8比特

到越南语的每音节8.0比特。），本段是对研究过程的简介，故选B。

10.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段"Thestudyfoundlanguagesthatpackalotof

informationintosoundsandsyllablestendtobespokenmoreslowly,whilethosewithalow

informationdensity（密度）aredeliveredmorerapidly.Whilespeechrateandinformation

densityfluctuate（波动）widely,theinformationrate一thespeedatwhichinformationis

delivered一staysconsistentlyaround39.15bitspersecond,"（研究发现，将大量信息融入声

音和音节的语言往往说得更慢，而那些信息密度低的语言传递的速度更快。虽然语音

速率和信息密度波动很大，但信息速率一信息传递的速度一始终保持在每秒39.15比

特左右。）可知”信息率会保持在一个合理的水平”，故选B。

11.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Theresearcherssaythisappearstorepresentan

optimal（最佳的）rateforgivingandreceivinginformation.Languagesseemtostablyinhabit

anoptimalrangeofinformationrates,awayfromtheextremesthatcanstillbeavailableto

individualspeakers."（研究人员表示，这似乎代表了提供和接收信息的最佳速率。语言

似乎稳定地维持在一个最佳的信息率范围内，远离了个别发言者仍然可以使用的极端

情况。）可知”最佳的信息传输率会产生平顺的交流。"故选A。

12.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段SothedevelopersonTenerifeintheCanaryIslands

constructedabreakwater（防波堤）overhalfamilelong.Andthen,fromtheWesternSahara

onAfrica'snorthwestcoast,theyshippedin270,000tonsofsand.By1973,theprojectwas

complete.Asanticipated,touristsarrived.Alongtheengineeredbeach,rowsandrowsof

touristsrelaxonbeachchairsunderumbrellasorwalkacrosssoftsandtocooldowninthe

water.（因此加那利群岛特内里费岛上的开发商建造了一个超过半英里长的防波堤。然

后，他们从非洲西北海岸的西撒哈拉运来了27万吨沙子。到1973年，工程完工。不

出所料，游客们来了沿着工程海滩，一排排游客在遮阳伞下的沙滩椅上放松，或走过

柔软的沙滩在水中降温。）可知特内里费岛上的开发商实施这个项目是为了促进当地

的旅游业。故答案为C。

13.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段Unanticipatedwaswhattheirpresencegavetoone

oftheworld'smostendangeredfishspecies,angelsharks一Visibility.（出乎意料的是，它们

的出现让世界上最濒危的鱼类之一一天使鲨一获得了知名度。）可知该项目的一个意想

不到的结果是它给了天使鲨一个家故答案为Ao

14.答案：D

解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Butwhafsclearisthatafterthebreakwaterwas

builtandthesandarrived,peoplefollowed,andinthecalm,shallowwaterstheybeganto

seebabyangelsharks.Andunlikehowmanyanassociationbetweenhumansandwildlife

ends-inconflictanddeadanimals-thistimeitledtoconservation,（但明确的是，防波堤建

好，沙子到了之后，人们也跟着来了，在平静的浅水区，他们开始看到小天使鲨。不

像许多人和野生动物之间的联系以冲突和动物死亡告终这一次它导致了保护。）可知

作者对工程海滩的态度是积极的。故答案为D。

15.答案：C

解析：目的意图题。根据文章最后一段But