自考英语二超完整名师授课详细笔记

/本课程的名称为“大学英语自学教程（上册）”，它是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）专科阶段的公共实践课，检测好坏的标准是会不会灵活运用这门语言。考试大纲规定，大学英语的教学目标是“使学习者能比较熟练地掌握英语基础知识和语言技能，做到具有较好的阅读能力、一定的英译汉能力和初步的听、说、读、写与汉译英能力，为获得专业所需要的信息与进一步提高英语水平打下较扎实的基础”。本课程包括较系统的英语语法知识、英语单词约3000个和词组约500个，阅读量为30000余词。本课程的重点是英语的基本词汇和语法，课程的主要目的是培养阅读能力。本课程的主要考试内容是从词汇、语法、阅读和翻译着手的。从2000年开始考试题型已改为如下七种：A.客观题部分：1.单项选择10%；2.完型填空10%；3.阅读理解30%；B.主观题部分：4.单词拼写10%；5.词形转换10%；6.汉译英15%；7.英译汉15%为了帮助大家在英语学习、考试方面能达到事半功倍的效果，以与从我这几年教受英语课程的经验来看，想给大家提几点建议，：第一，要勤读、多读。我们这里所说的“读”包括朗读和阅读，正确的发音，流利的朗读，对于熟练掌握单词、句子和课文，提高阅读速度都有根本意义；第二，记牢单词。我知道这历来是考生们最头疼的事情，但是我认为只要大家有好的适合自己的方法，那么对于大纲要求的这3000词汇来说应该只是apieceofcake(小事一庄)。发音要正确，背单词要有计划，读写结合，注意常用词的词类和变化规则，记单词要和学习课文结合起来，不能死记硬背，最后一环是和遗忘作斗争的最有效手段复习。英语中有一句谚语：Romewasn’tbuiltinoneday!译成中文是：冰冻三尺非一日之寒。记忆单词尤应记住它；第三点，学好语法。学语法的主要目的是为了用。对于英语教学我最擅长的就是讲解语法，一般我会将语法现象融入所学课文中，让大家感觉不是那么晦涩难懂。只有在错综复杂的语言现象中学和用，才能真正掌握语法。英语学习不是一句两句就说的完的，今后我会在教学中逐步让大家感受到学英语的乐趣，它不仅仅是我们通向事业成功的一座桥梁，也将丰富大家的日常生活。但学习毕竟是件苦事，需要毅力，最后我将四个英文字母以与一句谚语送给我们每一位自学者：IIppInterest,Intention,patienceandpersistence.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway!(有志者事竟成！)Goodluck!下面我们开始上课。我想在第一课开始之前对大家提几点要求：1.每人都必须有课本，即高远主编的《大学英语自学教程》（上）；2.每讲后必须要复习、做作业；3.最好能提前看看下讲的课文；4.每5个单元有测验，请大家务必认真完成;5有问题随时问，学习上不要害羞。本教程共计25个单元。每单元分A，B两篇文章，一般A位重点文章，精讲；B为培养阅读能力的文章，略讲。Unitone:TextA:HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?Ⅰ.NewWords:1.successful:a成功的；succeedv:succeedindoingsomething做某事成功;successn;successfullyad(*)a.Shewishedhimsuccess_inhisnewjob.b.Wereyousuccessfulinfindinganewhouse?c.Ifinishedmytrainingsuccessfully.d.Hesucceedsinfindingagoodjob.2.disagree:vdisagreewithsomebody(与某人有分歧，意见不一致),ndisagreement,adisagreeable;反义词：agree,agreement,agreeablee.g.Ialwaysdisagreewithhim.3.guarantee:n/v保证、担保、保修e.g.1>.Thewatchhasatwo-yearguarantee.(n保修)2>.TheTVsetisguaranteedforoneyear.(v保修)4.intelligent:a聪明的、明智的，nintelligence聪明、智慧5.conversely:ad相反地，conversea相反的6.similar:a相似的、类似的，短语besimilartosth/sbinsth(*)e.g.Sheissimilarintemper(性情、脾气)tohermother.7.independent:a独立的、自主的，independencen独立、自主、自立，（*）字根：depend(v):依靠、依赖，dependon/upondependence:n信赖、信任、依靠；dependent:a依靠的、需要支持的a.Whenyoubegintomakemoneyyoucanlivealifeofindependence.b.Childrendependontheirparentsforfood.c.Idon’twanttobedependentonmyparents,becauseIamanadult.8.clue:n线索、提示，常用短语：cluetosomething9.adult:n成年人；a成年的、成熟的a.Shecandoitherself,forsheisanadultnow.b.Hisbehaviorisn’tadult.10.conclusion:n结论、推论；vconclude.decidev决定，decisionn决定、决心11.communicate:v交流、通讯、传播，习语：①communicatesthtosb:传播某事给某人；②communicatewithsb:同某人交流名词：communication:acommunicationsatellite通讯卫星；acommunicationnetwork通讯网，telecommunication:电讯、电信，Chinatelecommunication中国电信12.inexact:a不正确的，反义词：exactincomplete:a不完整的，反义词：complete13.purpose:n目的、意图，purposeful:a有目的的，蓄意的，purposefully:ad有目的地、蓄意地(*)a.Hewasaclevermanwhoseeverywordwaspurposeful.b.Weshouldusethelanguagepurposefully.c.Shediditonpurpose.14.regularly:ad经常地、定期地，regular:a定期的15.technique:n技术、技巧，16.outline:v概括；n轮廓、大纲a.Youshouldoutlinethestorybeforeyouwriteit.b.Youcanseetheoutlineofherfaceinthelightofthecandle.Ⅱ.Intensivereading:1.Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.大多数学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法的。①本句主语为：Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguage;谓语为：woulddisagreewith；宾语为：thisstatement②主语中包含有一个语法点，定语从句。这是英语中一个非常重要的语法点.顾名思义，定语从句应该在整个句中做定语，请对比如下两句:Heboughtaninterestingbook.(定语)/Heboughtabookwhichisinteresting.（定语从句）。具体介绍该语法点：修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后面，它需由关系代词或关系副词引导。通常引导定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,(一般指人),which(一般指物)，whose,that(人、物均可).关系副词有：when(时间),where(地点),why(原因)。不管是关系代词还是副词引导定语从句时，要在定语从句中充当句子成分。上句中的whoarelearningasecondlanguage修饰先行词mostadults,who是关系代词，在从句中作主语。下面我们一起来看另几个例句：仔细听我的分析！a.Themanwho/thatwillgiveusatalkhascome.b.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelprizewinner.c.She’sthegirlwho/whom/thatImetattheparty.d.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.e.Didyoufindthebikethat/whichyoulost?③would此时为助动词，表示“可能，将会”。④需掌握的短语：disagreewithsbabout/onsthe.g.Hedisagreeswithhiswifeabouttheeducationoftheirson.2.Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice…hundredsof:几百，当hundred,thousand,million用作不确定数目时，需用复数形式，并加介词of;当它们用作确定的数目时，不用复数形式。e.g.fivehundredpeople;hundredsofpeople3.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.译：语言学习不同于其他种类的学习。短语：bedifferentfrom:与…不同4.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.(*)译：有些人很聪明，在他们自己的专业领域很有成就，但发现很难成功地学习语言。①本句主语Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields，谓语find，宾语difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning，it语法上称作形式宾语:当宾语较长时，常将它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。②包含定语从句whoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields，修饰先行词somepeople,who在定语从句中作主语。③需掌握的习语：beintelligentandsuccessfulinone’sfield;succeedinsth/doingsth5.Conversely,somepeoplewhoareverysuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.(相反地…)这句话意思和结构与上句相似，口头分析。6.Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.(*)译：语言学习研究显示成功的语言学习者在许多方面都是相似的。①本句主语Languagelearningresearch；谓语：shows；宾语：that引导一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中successfullanguagelearners是主语；are是系动词；similarinmanyways是表语②重要短语besimilar(tosb/sth)insth在…方面与某人/某事相似7.Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.(*)译：不是等这老师解释，而是自己努力去发现各种句型和规则。①Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,介词短语作状语，主语：they；谓语：trytofind；宾语：thepatternsandtherulesforthemselves②介词of后的动词要用动名词waiting③短语：insteadofsth;waitforsbtodosth;trytodosth;8.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.(*)译：他们寻找说这种语言的人，当他们说错时就请这些人帮助指正。①这是一个由and连接的并列句，其中有一个定语从句whospeakthelanguage，修饰先行词people;有一个时间状语从句whentheymakeamistake②correct:v指正、纠正，短语：makeamistake犯错误9.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings.译：他们不害怕重复他们听到的或说一些奇怪的东西。①whattheyhear是repeat的宾语从句②afraid的用法：beafraidofsth;beafraidtodosth;beafraidthat从句a.Sheisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.b.Iamafraidofsnake.c.He’safraidthathe’llbelateforclass.10.Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.译：当交流困难时，他们会接受不准确或不完整的信息。本句中包含一个时间状语从句Whencommunicationisdifficult，一个定语从句thatisinexactorincomplete，修饰先行词information，在从句中that作主语。11.It’smoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.(*)译：对他们来说，学会用所学的语言来思考比学会每个单词的意思更重要。①it作形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式tolearntothinkinthelanguage.原句语序应是：Forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguageismoreimportantthantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.用形式主语的目的是因为不定式作主语太长，为避免句子头重脚轻，用it代替真正的主语。e.g.FormanypeopletolearnEnglishwellisverydifficult.=It’sverydifficultformanypeopletolearnEnglishwell②短语：learntodosth学会做…;moreimportantthan…更重要12.It’snecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.=Forthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthemarenecessary译：对他们来说，学会这种语言以便同这些人交流并向他们学习是非常必要的①这句话较复杂，it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，inordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem我们称作目的状语②短语：inordertodosth;communicatewithsb;learnfromsb:向…学习13.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.译：因为他们想学会这种语言，所以他们发现不断地练习实际应用这种语言是容易的。①it作形式宾语，真正的宾语topracticeusingthelanguageregularly，原因状语从句becausetheywanttolearnwithit.②practice是动词,英式英语拼写形式是practise,美式英语动词和名词拼写都是practice.作动词时，后面只能用动名词，如：practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.(4段2行)14.Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.(*)译：如果你是一名成功的语言学习者，你大概一直在独立地、主动地、目的明确地学习。①if引导条件状语从句，主句中的havebeenlearning是动词的现在完成进行时，表示动作从以前开始一直不间断地进行到现在。②三个副词：independently,actively,andpurposefully要会拼写。15.ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.译：另一方面来说，如果你的语言学习一直不太成功，你不妨试试上面提到的一些学习技巧。①Ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful是条件状语从句。②短语：ontheotherhand:另一方面来说;lessthansuccessful:不太成功;mightdowelltodosth:表示一种委婉语气，不妨…，最好….e.g.Youmightdowelltotakethedoctor’sadvice.That’sallforthislecture,andlet’scontinuetolearnthisunitnexttime.Don’tforgettoreviewwhatwehavelearnt.ok,seeyouthen!ThesecondlectureofCollegeEnglishHi,everyone!Areyousatisfiedwiththefirstlecture?Todaywe’llcontinuetolearnunitone.Ⅰ.Reviewsomethinginlectureone:A.Usefulphrases:1.disagreewith…(2段1行);2.hundredsof(2段3行);3.bedifferentfrom…(3段1行);4.succeedinsth…(3段3行);5.asmuchasyoucan(4段2行);6.practicedoingsth(4段2行);7.trytodo…(4段4行);8.similarinsth…(5段2行);9.firstofall(6段1行);10.dependon(6段2行);11.insteadofsth/doingsth(6段3行);12.waitsbtodo…(6段3行);13.learnfromsth/sb(6段7行);14.makeamistake(7段4行);15.beafraidtodo(7段5行);16.bewillingtodo…(7段6行);17.beinterestedinsth(8段2行);18.inorderto(8段4行);19.communicatewithsb(8段4行);20.ontheotherhand(9段3行);21.mightdowelltodosth(9段4行)B.Someimportantwords:1.successful;2.disagree;3.statement;4.guarantee;5.intelligent;6.conversely;7.similar;8.independent;9.conclusion;10.communicate;communication;11.purpose,purposefully;12.regularly;13.technique;14.outline.C.Keytopartexercises:(frompage8to12)一、课文练习：Ⅰ.d,a,c,d,d;Ⅱ.1.task;2.intelligent;3.tudy;4.clue;5.conclusion;6.repeat;7.communication;8.purpose;9.probably;10.outlineⅢ.1.Insteadof;2.therefore;3.more…than;4.even;5.firstofall;6.because;7.ontheotherhand;8.finally;9.lookingfor;10.converselyⅣ.1.见课文；2.Languagelearningisactivelearning.Learnersshouldtakeadvantageofeverychancetousethelanguage.3.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.4.见一讲作业。5.Theteachersoftenpassontheirsuccessfulexperienceinlanguagelearningtous.二、词汇练习：Ⅰ.1.2.4.见一讲词汇讲解部分；3.cover:v覆盖；uncover:v揭开，为cover的反义词；discover:v发现，同义词：find,习题答案为：covered;uncover;discoveredⅡ.1.inexact;2.technique;3.outlined;4.communicate;5.regularly;6.clue;7.intelligent;8.incomplter;9.similar;10.statementⅢ.1.disagree;2.independent;3.incomplete;4.inexact;5.uncover/discoverⅣ.1,3,4,见一讲作业3,4,5题。2见课文5.Weshouldlearnsomethingnewindependently,activelyandpurposefully.Ⅱ.TextB:要求作一般了解，属阅读理解课文，对于textB的文章来说，虽然较A篇稍长，但难度稍低，检测阅读结果的标准是能够独立地完成课后的习题。A.Somenewwords:1.instance:asinglefact,event,example.例子、实例，常用短语forinstance，例如。2.waiter:apersonwhoservesfoodatthetablesinarestaurant(男性)，waitress女服务员、女招待3.traveler:apersonwhogoesfromplacetoplace,esp.toafarawayplacetravel:v旅游4.primitive:adj原始的：oftheearliesttimesoflifeorofman5.exact反义词inexact6.consist;v短语：consistof组成e.g.Myclassconsistsof20students.7.simply:adv,simpleadj简单的B.Somelanguagepoints:1.notonly…butalso…不但…而且，并列连词。(连接两个并列成分)e.g.⑴Ihopetobenotonlyyourteacher,butalsoyourgoodfriend.⑵…,wecandoitnotonlywiththehelpofwords,butalsoinmanyotherways.2.neither…nor:既不…也不，并列连词，连接两个并列成分。e.g.⑴Autumnisagoodseason.It’sneitherhotnorcold.⑵peoplewhocanneitherhearnorspeaktalktoeachotherwiththehelpoftheirfingers.3.Heenteredarestaurantandsatatatable.(坐在桌旁)4.inthisway:介词短语，用这种方法e.g.IlearnEnglishbymyself.Inthisway,IhavefinallygotthediplomaofEnglishmajor.5.TheEnglishmanwhowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirstylookedverysad.a.本句包含有一个定语从句，whowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirsty修饰先行词TheEnglishman。b.短语：bythistime到此时为止；notatall根本不…6.Wordsconsistofsounds,buttherearemanysoundswhichhaveameaningandyetarenotwords.译：语言是由声音组成的，但具有一定意义的声音并不都是话语。短语：consistof,句子结构中包含有一个定语从句。Keytothepartexercises:page16:T,F,T,F,T,F,F,F,T,F.Unit2TextA:Taxes,Taxes,andMoreTaxesMainideaaboutthetext:weknowthatthetaxesintheUnitedStatesarethehighestintheworld.Almosteveryoneneedpaytaxesonmanythings.TherearethreelevelsofgovernmentintheUnitedStates,sotherearethreetypesoftaxes;theyareforthefederalgovernment,stategovernment,andcitygovernment.EvensomeAmericansthinkthattheyareworkingonedayeachweekjusttopaytheirtaxes.A.Newwords:1.tax:n税；vt对…征税a.Everycitizenhastherighttopaytaxtoourcountry.b.Myincomeistaxedatsource.(我的收入已扣除了所得税。)2.generally:adv一般地、通常，同义词：usually,常用语：generallyspeaking,generaladj3.type:n类型、种类；v打字a.Whattypeofteadoyouprefer?Greentea.b.Shetypedtheletterquicklyandwell.4.salary:n工资，salaried:adj拿工资的5.earn:v挣钱、赚钱，earningsn赚得的钱6.percentage:n百分比、百分率；percentn前用数词(*)a.Morethantenpercentofthestudentsdidn’tcometoday.b.Alargepercentageofschoolbooksnowhavepictures.c.Iamahundredpercentsurethathewillcome.7.vary:v变化、改变；variedadj有变化的、多样的(*)a.Holidayjobsaremanyandvaried.b.peoplevaryverymuchintheirideasofmanythings.(注意介词in的用法)c.pricesoffruitvaryfromseasontoseason.8.sale:n出售，sellv出售9.charge:v收费、控告a.Howmuchdoyouchargeforrepairingmyshoes?b.Hewaschargedwiththeguiltyofmurder.10.addition:n加法、附加物；addv增加；additionaladj额外的、增加的(*)a.Shealwaysaddssugartohertea.b.Heearned1000dollarsinadditiontohissalary.c.Wewillneedadditionalhelptodothework.11.confuse:v使混乱、混淆；confused,confusingadj;confusionn(*)a.Ifyoutrytolearntoomanythingsatatime,youmaygetconfused.b.Thisisaconfusingwordbecauseithastwomeanings.c.Doyouthinkthiswillcausemuchconfusion?d.Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyquestions.11.complain:v抱怨，常跟介词of,about.complaint:n抱怨、投诉（*）a.Studentsalwayscomplainabouttoomuchhomework.b.Shecomplainedthattheexamwastoohard.c.Heusedtocomplainbitterlyofhisbadmemory.(诉说有病)d.Thereisnoreasonforcomplaint.12.useless:adj无用的，反义词useful;careful→careless;helpful→helpless;hopeful→hopelessetc.13.impractical:adj不切实际的，反义词practical;practicev实践、实际14.program:n计划、节目、程序；v编程序15.tend:v易于、倾向于，tendencyn趋势、倾向a.peopletendtogetfatastheygrowolder.b.pricescontinuetoshowanupwardtendency.(物价呈持续上升趋势。)B.Intensivereading:1.Americansoftensaythatthereareonlytwothingsapersoncanbesureofinlife:deathandtaxes.(*)译：美国人常说，一个人一生中只有两件事可以肯定会发生：死亡和纳税。分析：主语：Americans；谓语：say；that引导一个宾语从句，还包含有一个省略了关联代词的定语从句，apersoncanbesureinlife修饰twothings.当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。e.g.1>.Thewatchthat/which/省略Ifoundinthelibraryishis.（why?）2>.Thegirlwho/whom/that/省略youmetatthepartyismysister.请试着翻译句子：1你一直在找的那个人来了。2昨天我妈给我的钱已经被偷走了。Answer:1.Themanwho/whom/that/省略youhavebeenlookingforhascome.2.Themoneythat/which/省略mymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen.短语；besureof:对…确信、确定e.g.Wecanbesureofhishonesty.2.Americansdon’thaveacorneronthedeathmarket,butmanypeoplefeelthattheUnitedStatesleadstheworldwiththeworsttaxes.(*)译：美国人并不垄断“死亡”市场，但很多人感到美国却以最重的赋税在世界上名列前茅。短语：haveacorneronsomething:垄断…;leadwith因…领先e.g.Chinaleadstheworldwithhersilkproducts.3.Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,whenthefederaltaxesaredue.译：由于高额的税款，每年4月15日人们很不开心，因为这一天是上缴联邦税款的日子。分析：Withthehighcostoftaxes,介词短语作原因状语，with=becauseof,由于…,whenthefederaltaxesaredue是非限定性定语从句，修饰onApril15。When叫关系副词。Where,when,why是定语从句中的三个关系副词，分别在定语从句中作地点状语、时间状语、原因状语。a.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.(where=inwhich)b.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredthecollege.(when=onwhich)c.pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarealwayslateformyclass.(why=forwhich)另外，若定语从句和先行词之间用逗号分开称为非限定性定语从句。它对先行词只是进一步补充说明，删除后不会影响整个句子的基本语意，译成汉语时一般单独翻译。4.Somestateshaveanincometaxsimilartothatofthefederalgovernment.(*)译：有些洲有与联邦政府类似的个人所得税。分析：代词that指anincometax,英文中两个进行比较的事物必须是平等的，如在口语中我们可说“北京的天气比广州干燥”，但译为英语不能写成：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanGuangzhou.(x)城市不能和天气进行比较，要改为：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinGuangzhou.(√)5.otherstateshaveasalestax,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate.(*)译：其他洲征收销售税，对你在该洲所买的任何商品征收一定比例的税。分析：包含有两个定语从句，whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate是非限定定语从句，修饰asalestax。其中还含有另一个限定定语从句whichyoubuyinthatstate修饰先行词anyitem.chargedto表示“向…征收”charged过去分词作定语修饰apercentage.6.Somestatesuseincometaxinadditiontosalestaxtoraisetheirrevenues.(*)译：有些洲除了征收销售税，还征收个人所得税来增加税收。短语：inadditionto除…还有…(+)e.g.Weneedfatandproteininadditiontovitamininourdiet.raisetheirrevenue:增加税收。7.Theyoftenprotestthatthegovernmentusestheirtaxdollarsinthewrongway.Theysaythatitspendstoomuchonuselessandimpracticalprograms.译：他们经常抗议政府对他们交纳的税金使用不当。他们认为政府在一些没用或不切实际的项目上花钱太多。短语：usesthinthewrongway,错误地使用…,spendsthonsth在…花费，或spendsthindoingsth.e.g.MothersayshespendstoomuchtimeinwatchingTVeveryday.8.AlthoughAmericanshavedifferentviewsonmanyissues,theytendtoagreeononesubject:taxesaretoohigh.(*)译：尽管美国人在许多问题上有不同的观点，但他们往往在这一点上达成共识：税收太高。短语：havedifferentviewsonsth对…有不同观点，tendto通常，agreeonsth同意某事，同意某人：agreewithsb;同意做某事：agreetodosth.Ⅲ.Summaryabouttheimportantphrases:1.besureof(1段2行);2.haveacorneronsth(1段2行);3.leadwith(1段4行);4.consistof(2段1行);5.dependon(3段3行);6.thatis(3段4行);7.besimilarto(4段3行);8.inadditionto(4段10行);9.publicworks(5段4行);10.municipalbuildings(5段5行);11.complainabout(6段3行);12.usesthinthewrongway(6段3-4行);13.spend…on(6段4-5行);14.tendon(6段6行);15.agreeon(6段6行)The3rdlectureofCollegeEnglishone:Ⅰ.Keytopartexercisesfrompage39to43:一、课文练习：Ⅰ.a,c,a,a,cⅢ.1.due;2.dependson;3.diverse;4.consistedof;5.similar;6.tendsto;7.complainingabout;8.iadditionto;9.issue;10.agreeonⅣ.1.Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?2.WearetryingtoraisefundsfortheRedCross.3.Heearnedagoodreputationforhonesty.4.Wepaytaxesinexchangeforgovernmentservices.5.Anopenletterprotestedgovernment’sforeignpolicy.二、词汇练习：Ⅰ见2讲讲课内容。Ⅱ.1.charge;2.department;3.due;4.diverse;5.earns;6.vary;7.property;8.leading;9.fund;10.tendsⅡ.TextB:It’saboutadvertisement.Insuchasociety,wecanseeadvertisementeveryday.SomearefromTV,somearefromradio,somearefromnewspaper,andothersarefrommagazinesandevenInternet.Whenyoufindsomanyadshavepenetratedintoallthecornersofourlife,thendoyouthinkit’sgoodorbad?Nowlet’sfindsomethingfromourtext.A.Newwords:1.advertise:v做广告、登广告；advertisement:n缩写ad;advertisingcompany广告公司；advertiser:n登广告的人2.attract:v吸引；attraction:n吸引力；attractive:adj吸引人的3.design:v设计；designer设计师4.persuade:v劝说，常用习语：persuadesbtodosth5.leisure:n空暇、悠闲，atleisure有空，清闲。6.classified:a分类的；classifyv分类7.edition:n版本，apaperbackedition（平装版）,arareedition（珍藏版）,adeluxeedition（精装版）,arevisededition（修订版）；edit:v;editor:n8.entertainment:n娱乐、款待9.audience:n观众、听众。10.characteristic:a典型的；n特性、特征11.commercial:adj商业的；n商业广告；commercen商业。12.responsible:a有责任的；responsibilityn责任13.particular:a特定的14.estimate:n/v估计、评价15.management:n管理、经营；manage:v管理；manager:n经理16.approve:v赞成、同意、批准；approval:n17.involve:v牵涉、卷入，beinvolvedinsth;involvement:nB.Somedifficultsentences:1.Advertisingisonlypartofthetotalsaleseffort,butit’sthepartthatattractsthemostattention.译：广告仅仅是整个销售活动的一部分，但就是这部分最能吸引人们的注意力。注意本句的主语advertising是动名词作主语，表示登广告。再如：playingfootballismyfavoritesport.短语：attractone’sattention吸引某人的注意力。2.Voicesandmusichavebeenaddedtocolorandpicturestocatchtheearaswellastheeye.（*）译：色彩和画面配上声音和音乐，既好看又好听。重点掌握短语：1>.addsthtosth加…到…,e.g.Idon’tlikeaddmilkto/intomycoffee.2>.catchtheear,catchtheeye:吸引耳朵，吸引眼睛3>.aswellas:也,除了…还有…(+)e.g.IlikeChineseaswellasEnglish.3.Televisionadsareshort,buttheyarerepeatedoverandoveragainsothattheaudienceseesandhearsthemmanytimes.(*)译：电视广告时间很短，但它们被反复播放，可以使观众看听许多遍。短语：overandoveragain一遍又一遍；sothat=inorderthat表目的；audience:称作集体名词，当单形集体名词被看作一个整体时，具有单数概念；被看作若干个个体时，具有复数概念。像这样的名词有：family,government,class,staffetc.a.Hisfamilyisabigoneinourcity.b.Hisfamilyareveryfriendlytous.c.Theaudienceisquietwhentheconcertison.d.TheaudiencelikeHarryportterverymuch.C.Usefulphrases:1.attractone’sattention(1段2行);2.naturalenough(1段2行);3.forthemostpart(1段6行);4.persuadesbtodosth(1段7行);5.alargeamountofsth(3段1行);6.becharacteristicofsth(3段7行);7.catchtheeye(3段8行);8.nomorethan(3段9行);9.idebtitywithsth(3段10行);10.addto(4段2行);11.catchtheear(4段3行);12.overandoveragain(4段4行);13.sothat(4段5行);14.putupwith(4段7行);15.millionsof(4段8行);16.beresponsibleforsth/sb(5段1行);17.decideonsth(5段2行);18.makeanestimateofsth(5段4行);19.beinvolvedinsth(5段6行)；20.aswellas(4段3行);21.carryover(4段1行)D.Keytosomeexercises:Ⅰ.page49:T,F,F,T,T,T,T,F,T,F.词汇练习：52Ⅰ.e,b,c,d,aⅡ.1.attracts;2.leisure;3.available;4.limited;5.estimateⅢ.1.decidedon;2.approved;3.estimate;4.carriedover;5.putupwith;6.characteristicofⅣ.B,C,B,A,C,D.Unit3TextA:TheAtlanticoceanIntheearth,therearefouroceans:thepacificocean,theAtlanticocean,theIndianocean,andtheArcticocean.TheAtlanticoceanisn’tthebiggestinarea,butthereareothertwothingsthatmakeitveryunusual.Doyouwanttoknowwhattheyare,andthenpleasereadthetextverycarefully?Andfromthepastexamsthetextisveryimportant.A.Newwords:1.sailor:n水手、海员；sail:v航海，n航海、帆（*）a.HehassailedforNewYork.b.Heisagoodsailorandseldomgetssickduringstormsatsea.c.Howmanydays’sailisitfromTianjintoDalian?2.unwilling:a不情愿的，反义词willing：愿意的，常用短语：bewillingtodo…,beunwillingtodo…;副词：unwillingly,willingly;名词：will意愿、意志。（*）a.Heishappywiththepriceandwillingtopay.b.Thechildalwaysdoeshishomeworkunwillingly,sohehasn’tmademuchprogress.c.Sheisillandunwillingtogooutwithus.3.unusual:a不寻常的、与众不同的，反义词：usual,副词：usually(*)a.Youngpeopleshouldnotwearunusualclothes.b.Hewenttotownasusualwithhisfather.c.Aclassifiedadvertisementisusuallyafewlineslong.4.salty:a咸的，salt:n盐；salted用盐腌的a.Theseawaterissalty.b.Thesaltedbeefisdelicious.5.average:n/a/v平均数、平均的、平均常用短语：ontheaverage(*)a.Theaverageof2,3and4is3.b.Theaverageageofthestudentsinthisclassiseighteen.c.Theyaveraged20milesadayduringtheirlastjourney.6.range:n山脉、范围；v变化，排列成行a.Shehasawiderangeofinterests.b.Herangedthebooksbysize.7.peak:n高峰，adj高峰的，反义词：off-peakpeakhour=rushhour8.eastward,westward,northward,southward:adjadv9.crew:集体名词10.becalm:vbecomecalm;calm:a平静的、安静的,pleasekeepcalm.11.current:n水流、电流；adj流行的a.Thecurrentisthestrongestinthemiddleoftheriver.b.Turnoffthecurrentwhilemakingrepairs.c.ofallherdresses,onlyoneisstillcurrent.12.affect:v影响、打动；effectn影响，haveaneffectonsth;affectingadj动人的；effectiveadj有影响的、有效的。（*）a.ViolentTVprogramshaveabadeffectonthechildren.b.Musiccanaffectsomepeopleverystrongly.c.Thelawisnolongereffective.13.furnish:v用家具布置，家具：furniture.B.Grammarknowledge:定冠词的用法pleaselookatthefollowingsentencesfromthetext:a.TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthat….b.Thenarrowestplaceisbetweenthebulgeof….c.TheAzoresarethetopsofthepeak….1.冠词（articles）:是一种虚词，放在一个名词前，帮助说明该名词的含义。它分为定冠词和不定冠词两种。2.定冠词the的用法如下：①重复上文提到过的人或物：e.g.Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.Therefrigeratoriswhite.(第一次提到用不定冠词，第二次用定冠词，表特指。)②特指谈话双方都知道的人或物。e.g.Howdoyoulikethefilm?③指世界上独一无二的事物。e.g.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.④常用在乐器前：e.g.Iwanttoplaythepiano/theviolin.⑤用在一些公用事业名称前,e.g.Iwillgotothepostoffice/themuseum/thecinema.⑥用在序数词和形容词最高级之前，e.g.thefirsttime,thebiggest.⑦用在某些专有名词前，e.g.thepeople’sRepublicofChina,thegreatwall,thewhitehouse⑧特指某些江河、山脉、海洋、湖泊，e.g.theChangjiangRiver,thepacificocean,theHimalayas,theSalt⑨和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人,e.g.therich,thepoor,thedead,theyoung⑩用在姓氏的复数形式前，表一家人,e.g.TheGreensarewatchingTV.另外，还用在许多习惯用语中：inthemorning/afternoon/evening,ontheleft.Right,bytheway,inthemiddleofetc.The4thlectureofCollegeEnglishone:Ⅰ.IntensivereadingtextA:1.TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthatseparatetheoldworldfromthenew.译：大西洋是隔断新世界和旧世界的大洋之一。分析：本句包含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词oceans,注意此时只能用that,不能用which.如下的情况属只能用that的情况：1>.当先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时。Heisthebestpersonthatalwayshelpsothers2>.当先行词是序数词，或前面有一个序数词时。HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.3>.当主语已有疑问词who或which时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?4>.当先行词是all,much,something,anything,everything,little,etc等词时。Weshouldhandinallthatyouhavefound.5>.当先行词前有only,any,few,oneof,thesame,noetc等词时。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteacherinourclass.短语：separatesthfromsth把…与…分开EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheEnglishchannel.另外，theoldWorld:Europe,Asia,Africa;theNewWorld:theAmericas.2.ForcenturiesitkepttheAmericasfrombeingdiscoveredbythepeopleofEurope.（*）译：好几个世纪以来，它使美洲一直未被欧洲人发现短语：keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth:阻止某人做谋事Thebadweathercan’tkeepusfromgoingtoschool/beingdiscovered:being动名词，discovered过去分词3.ManywrongideasabouttheAtlanticoceanmadetheearlysailorsunwillingtosailfaroutintoit.(*)译：许多关于大西洋的错误观点使得早期的水手不愿远航驶入大