中考英语专题复习 第4单元 形容词与副词

第4单元形容词与副词要点归纳知识点名师点睛形容词用法及解析形容词主要用作定语,修饰名词,如:anhonestboy,inthetraditionalway,也可用于系动词之后作表语，如：lookhappy，smellbad。形容词词义解析通常体现在单选和完形填空中,复合形容词作定语形容词(an8-year-oldboy)和形容词修饰不定代词用法(somethingimportant)也是高频试题，词汇方面涉及形容词的拼写以及对应的变形，如形容词变名词、反义词等。形容词比较等级的构成规则变化:(1)直接在词尾加-er,-est(strict,stricter,strictest);(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r,-st(large,larger,largest);(3)辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-er,-est(healthy,healthier,healthiest);(4)以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写该辅音字母再加-er,-est(fat,fatter,fattest);(thin,thinner,thinnest);(hot,hotter,hottest);(5)多音节和部分双音节词通过在原级前加more,most构成(friendly—morefriendly—mostfriendly,expensive—moreexpensive—mostexpensive)。不规则变化:bad/ill—worse—worstgood/well—better—bestmany/much—more—mostlittle—less—leastfar—farther—farthest(距离)/furtherfurthest(程度)比较级的几种用法(1)as+原级+as(和……一样).否定句notas+原级+as(不如……,没有……)(2)“比较级+than”(比……更……)(3)ever,much,alitter,abit等常用来修饰形容词(或副词)的比较级(muchbetter,evenworse).(4)比较级+and+比较级,表示越来越……(betterandbetter,moreandmorepopular)(5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“趁……,越……”(Themorepeopleyouhelp,thehappieryou'llbe.)(6)be+倍数+比较级+than...(Ourschoolistwicelargerthantheirs.)(7)the+比较级+ofthetwo…(Thisredbikeisthecheaperoneofthetwobikes.)(8)the+比较级+than+anyother+名词单数形式意为“比任何一个……都更……”ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.Simonistallerthananygirlinhisclass.最高级的应用be+the+最高级+of+群体/in+范围;oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数形式(SunLiisoneofthemostpopularstars.)the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数形式+(of/in短语)(Itisthesecondtallesttowerintheworld.)比较级与最高级互换(1)Julieruns(the)fastestinherclass.Julierunsfasterthananyotherstudentinherclass.Julierunsfasterthantheotherstudentsinherclass.(2)SimonpaintsbetterthanMike.=Mikedoesn'tpaintaswellasSimon.副词的用法及解析题型设置基本与形容词类似，副词比较级、最高级通常在原级前加more，most构成副词的构成(1)与形容词同形:fast,early,high,hard;(2)形容词后直接加ly:wise(wisely),polite(politely),real(really);(3)辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加ly:heavy(heavily),easy(easily),angry(angrily);(4)以le结尾的形容词将le变为ly:comfortable(comfortably),gentle(gently),simple(simply);(5)少数以e结尾的形容词要去掉e再加ly:true(truly)知识点名师点睛副词分类时间副词(soon,now,finally,once,recently)地点副词(have,nearby,outside,upwards)方式副词(hard,fast,slowly,happily,properly)程度副词(almost,nearly,quite,rather,really)频度副词(usually,always,often,hardly,seldom,never)疑问副词(how,where,when,why)副词词义解析hard与hardlyhard作为副词,意为“辛苦地,努力地”Heworkshardathislessons.hard还可作为“猛烈地”Look!It'srainingharderandharder.hardly表示“几乎不”IspendsomuchtimeworkingthatIcanhardlyfindtimetorelax.so与such都意为“如此、这样”,so修饰形容词或副词,Shesingssosweetly,such修饰名词,Shehassuchasweetvoice,但是当名词被形容词many,much,few,little修饰时,只能用so,somanypeople,solittlewater。muchtoo与toomuch,muchtoo意为“非常、极其”,修饰形容词或副词的原级(muchtooexpensive),toomuch意为“太多”,后接不可数名词(toomuchfood)。典型母题母题1Thisproblemisn'tdifficult,andIcanworkitout(easy).【解答】easily【要点剖析】句意：这个问题不难，我能容易地解答出来。这里用副词easily修饰动词词组workout。母题2Thenumber13isconsidereda(n)(luck)numberinsomeWesterncountries.【解答】unlucky【要点剖析】句意：在一些西方国家，13被认为是个不幸运的数字。这里应该是形容词unlucky修饰名词number。母题3Theaironthetopofthemountainisusuallymuch(thin).Sowefeelalittleweakthere.【解答】thinner【要点剖析】句意：山顶的空气通常稀薄得多，所以我们觉得有点虚弱。much后接比较级，所以填thinner,注意要双写n加er。母题4—HowfarisitfromLianyungangtoSeoul,Korea?—Itisaboutaflight.A.2-hour-longB.2-hours-longC.2hours'longD.2hourlong【解答】A【要点剖析】考查合成形容词作定语。句意：——从连云港到韩国首尔有多远?——大约有两个小时的飞行航程。用连字符合连接数词、名词和形容词，构成复合形容词作定语，表示“两个小时之久的”，复合形容词中的名词仅表示概念，不用复数形式。故选A。母题5AlthoughNanjingisnotsoasShanghai,itisthesecondcityinEastChina.A.largest;largestB.large;largestC.largest;largeD.large;large【解答】B【要点剖析】考查形容词比较级。句意：尽管南京不像上海那样大，但它是中国东部第二大城市。notas/so...as...“不像……一样”;thesecondlargestcity意为“第二大城市”。故选B。母题6Weallhaveourtimemachines,don'twe?Thosethattakeusbackarememories.Andthosethatcarryusaredreams.A.behindB.forwardC.awayD.round【解答】B【要点剖析】考查副词辨析。句意：我们都有一个时光机，不是吗?带着我们回到过去的是回忆，让我们继续前行的是梦想。根据前面“takeusback”提示后面对应的是“carryusforward”。母题7—HowdoyoulikethesongChengdusungbyZhaoLei?—Oh,Ihaveneverenjoyedaonebefore.A.worstB.bestC.worseD.better【解答】D【要点剖析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：———你觉得赵雷唱的歌曲《成都》怎么样?——哦，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的歌曲。根据“before”可知是“以前和现在”之间进行对比，故用比较级。结合答句中“enjoyed”可知,这里是指“以前从未听过比这更好听的歌曲”,故用“better”。故选D。母题8Thekidslearntobeindependent,theitisfortheirfuture.early;goodB.early;betterC.earlier;betterD.earlier;good【解答】C【要点剖析】考查形容词比较级。句意：孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的将来就越好。“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”为固定结构,意为“越……,就越……”。故选C。母题9Fireisverydangerous.Youcan'tbecarefulwithit!A.veryB.quiteC.soD.too【解答】D【要点剖析】考查副词辨析。句意：火是非常危险的。你再怎么小心也不为过。can'tbetoo修饰形容词，表示“再……也不为过/不过分”。故选D。高分必刷必刷基础题必刷1Thesunis(near)totheEarththanmanyotherstars.必刷2Jimruns(fast)inhisclass,sohewaschosentotakepartintherunningrace.必刷3Thoughhisgrandmotherlives,sheneverfeels.alone;aloneB.lonely;lonelyC.alone;lonelyD.lonely;alone必刷4—Ifailedtocatchthelastbusonthatcoldwinternight.—Icouldn'tfeelthen.A.moreexcitedB.moreterribleC.themostexcitedD.themostterrible必刷5—Totellyouthetruth,weareplanningtohaveasecondbabyrecently.—Thinktwice,formostchildrenaretodealwith.A.tiredB.tiringC.interestedD.interesting必刷6Bobknowshowtocutthecostoftheproject.I'msurehecandotheworkwithmoneyandpeople.less;lessB.fewer;moreC.more;fewerD.less;fewer必刷7Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredriving,inaheavysnowlikethis.A.usuallyB.exactlyC.especiallyD.regularly必刷8Ifindthisbookforafive-year-oldchildtoread.enougheasyB.enougheasilyC.easyenoughD.easilyenough必刷9Danielishistwinbrother.Theyareboth1.75metrestall.tallerthanB.shorterthanC.astallasD.sotallas必刷10—Dad,Igothiredasabusdriver.—Congratulations!Makeyourselfsothatthecompanywon'twanttoloseyou.A.fashionableB.valuableC.changeableD.possible必刷11—Wecansavepowerbyusingair-conditionersless.—,turningoffthecomputerswhenwedonotusethemisalsoagoodway.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Anyway必刷12—HowcanIgetalongwithothers,father?—Trytosmiletoothers,boy.Thatwillmakemuch.them;easierB.them;moreeasyC.it;easyD.it;easier必刷13Theweatherisbecoming.hotterandhotterB.morehotandhotC.hotterandhotterD.moreandmorehot必刷提优题必刷14Ithinkelectricityisoneofthe(use)inventionsinthewold.Ithasgreatlychangedtheworld.必刷15Tomjumped(far)inthesportsmeetingandhegotthefirstprize.必刷16Theshopownersuddenlystoppedtalkingwithhismonthlikeabig“O”.Itwasthepresent.tightclosedB.tightlyclosedC.wideopenD.widelyopen必刷17WhereismyEnglishbook?Iuseditjustnow,anditmustbeinthisoffice.A.everywhereB.nowhereC.anywhereD.somewhere必刷18Althoughhelistenedtotheoldman,hecouldunderstandhiswords.A.patiently;hardlyB.patient;hardC.patiently;hardD.patient;hardly必刷19—Don'tyouthinkitofsometeenagerstobecrazyaboutpopstars?—Well,Idon'tthinkso.Wewereonceyoungandhadthesimilarexperiences.A.creativeB.sillyC.wiseD.curious必刷20TherearenowordstodescribeImissmyhometown.A.howmuchB.howmanyC.howsoonD.howlong必刷21—Whoisbetteratspeaking,DanielorMillie?—Daniel,Ithink.Buthedoesinwriting.verybadlyB.alittleworseC.quitewellD.evenbetter必刷|22booksyouread,youwillgetinthem.Themore;themoreinterestingB.Theless;themoreinterestingC.Themore;themoreinterestedD.Theless;themoreinterested必刷23That'sabadhabitoflearning.,itisnevertoolateforyoutogetoutofit.A.InsteadB.AnywayC.FinallyD.Similarly必刷24It'sapitythatnowinsomeareas,thericharebecomingricher,and.thepoor;thepoorB.poor;poorC.thepoor;poorerD.poor;thepoorer必刷25ThecoachthinksofMary'ssportstalents,forshejumpedveryatthesportsmeeting.high;highB.highly;highlyC.high;highlyD.highly;high必刷26Jimsattohismotherwithhiseyeshalf.closed;openedB.close;openC.closely;openingD.close;opened必刷27—Theapplepiesheretastethanthosefromanywhereelse.—Yes.Butitwillbebetteriftheyare.A.moredelicious;moreexpensiveB.lessdelicious;moreexpensiveC.moredelicious;lessexpensiveD.lessdelicious;lessexpensive必刷28—Whatdoyouthinkofthelecture(演讲)ofLiYang'sCrazyEnglish?—Ithinkit's,butsomeonethinksit'smuchtoo.A.wonderfulenough;boredB.enoughwonderful;boringC.wonderfulenough;boringD.enoughwonderful;bored必刷29Areyoualone?Ijustwantawordwithyou.A.singleB.fewC.certainD.private必刷30Whataboutyesterday'sdragonrace?Oh,it'soneI'veeverseen.A.amostwonderfulB.morewonderfulC.themostwonderfulD.amorewonderful

第4单元形容词与副词1.【解答】nearer【要点剖析】句意：太阳比其他星星离地球近。句中有比较词than,所以用比较级nearer。2.【解答】(the)fastest【要点剖析】句意：Jim在他班上跑得最快，所以他被选出参加赛跑比赛。这里有范围inhisclass，所以用最高级，副词前最高级可省略，所以答案为(the)fastest。3.【解答】C【要点剖析】句意：虽然他奶奶独自一个人生活，但是她从没感到寂寞。alone是副词，意为“独自地”；lonely是形容词，意为“寂寞的”。前半句中修饰动词live用副词形式，后半句中的feel是系动词，后跟形容词形式。故选C。4.【解答】B【要点剖析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：——在那个寒冬的夜晚，我没能赶上最后一班公交车。——我感到再糟糕不过了。否定词couldn't+比较级表示“再……不过了”,先排除C、D两项;由“failtocatch”可知,这里是“没有比这更糟糕的了”。故选B。5.【解答】B【要点剖析】考查形容词辨析。句意：——跟你说实话，我们正计划最近生二胎。——要三思，因为大多数孩子照顾起来都很累人。用形容词tiring“累人的;难的”作表语,同hard,符合句意。tired意为“感到劳累的;”interested意为“感兴趣的”;interesting意为“有趣的”。故选B。6.【解答】D【要点剖析】句意：鲍勃知道如何减少工程成本。我确信他能用较少的资金和人力做这项工作。less修饰不可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词,又因money是不可数名词,people是集体名词,故答案为D。7.【解答】C【要点剖析】考查副词辨析。usually意为“通常”;exactly意为“确切地”;especially意为“尤其”;regularly意为“有规律地”。句意:当你开车时一定要小心，尤其是在像这样的大雪天里。故选C。8.【解答】C【要点剖析】考查enough修饰形容词的用法。句意：我发现对于一个五岁的孩子来说，这本书足够容易读懂。enough修饰形容词或副词要后置,故选C。9.【解答】C【要点剖析】考查形容词比较级。句意：丹尼尔和他双胞胎兄弟一样高。他们都是1.75米的身高。根据“Theyareboth1.75metrestall.”可知，丹尼尔和他双胞胎兄弟一样高，用as…as“和……一样”表达。故选C。10.【解答】B【要点剖析】考查形容词。句意：“爸爸，我受雇当一名公交司机。”“祝贺你！让你自己有价值,那样公司就不想失去你。”fashionable意为“时尚的”;valuable意为“有价值的”;changeable意为“可变的,易变的”;possible意为“可能的”。故选B。11.【解答】A【要点剖析】考查副词辨析。句意：——我们可以通过少用空调来节约用电。——而且/此外，当我们不用电脑时就把它们关掉，也是一个节约用电的好方法。Moreover意为“此外;而且”;However意为“然而”;Otherwise意为“否则;要不然”；Anyway意为“无论如何”。由句意可知选A。12.【解答】D【要点剖析】句意：——爸爸，我怎样才能和别人相处得很好?——孩子，尽量向别人微笑，那样就可以使它变得更容易。考查形容词比较级。much修饰形容词的比较级，easy的比较级是easier,首先排除B和C;代之上面所说的事用it。故选D。13.【解答】A【要点剖析】考查形容词比较级。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”,hot的比较级为hotter。故选A。14.【解答】mostuseful【要点剖析】句意：我认为电是世界上最有用的发明之一，它极大地改变了世界。这里是oneof+最高级+名词复数,因此将use转换为形容词useful后还要用最高级themostuseful,题中有the,所以答案填mostuseful。15.【解答】(the)farthest【要点剖析】句意：Tom在运动会中跳得最远,得了第一名。根据hegotthefirstprize,可知是跳的最远,用最高级(the)farthest,副词最高级前the可省略。16.【解答】C【要点剖析】likeabig“O”像个大大的O,说明嘴巴是张开的,所以排除A,B。widely意为“广泛地”，不符合意思，所以选C，这里的wide作adv.使用,修饰adj.open。17.【解答】D【要点剖析】句意：我的英语书在哪儿?我刚刚用过，它一定在这个办公室的某个地方。考查副词的用法。本句为肯定句，排除B和C；表示某个不确定的地方用somewhere。故选D。18.【解答】A【要点剖析】句意：尽管他耐心地听这位老人讲，但他几乎不能听懂他的话。本题考查副词。第一空应用副词修饰动词listen，第二空也应用副词修饰动词understand。根据题干中的although可知第二空应用表