备考2025届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4AdversityandCourage新人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit4AdversityandCourageIhappenedtoreadabouttheAntarcticexpeditioninanadvertisement.AsIwasenthusiasticandfullofvigour，Iappliedtojoinit.However，ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwasnotqualified.Isecretlywentaboard，hidinginacupboardbutwasdiscoveredlaterinthevoyage.Shacklelonassignedmeatask.IbegantoimaginehowIwouldbeenviedbymyfriendsafterreturning.Whatanaivemotive！Thejourneywasnoteasy.Unfortunately，ourshipwascrushedbytheiceandsankthoroughly.Havingabandonedtheship，thecrewcampedonamiserableisland，carryingonlytheessentialsupplieslikefood，stoves，clothesandblanketswithoutanypersonalbelongings.Shackletonleftustofindhelp.There，strugglingtostayalive，weusedanimalfattomakefire.Theburningfatgaveoffblacksmoke.Iwasinspiredbytheirgenuineconcernforandloyaltytoothers.FaithinShackleton’scommitmenttosaveushadhelpeduspersevereinstayingalive.UndertheguidanceofShackleton，wewererescuedatlastandfreetoenjoydecentfoodandcosybedroomsagain.1aboardadv.&prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）；在（船、飞机、公共汽车等）上1.aboardabroadbroad①IusedtotravelabroadalotwithmyparentswhenIwasalittlechild.②Afterreachingthefinishline，hewavedtohisclassmateswithabroadsmile.③Theplanecrashed，killingall157passengersaboard.2.她一登上飞机，就意识到她忘了带给姑姑的礼物。→①Themomentshewentaboard（theplane），sherealizedthatsheforgottobringthegiftforheraunt.（aboard）→②Themomentsheboardedtheplane/shewentonboard，sherealizedthatsheforgottobringthegiftforheraunt.（board）★go/beaboard（theplane）登机/在飞机上★boardvi.&vt.上（船、火车、飞机、公共汽车等）vi.寄宿n.木板；膳食；董事会onboard在船上（或飞机上、火车上）★broadadj.宽敞的；广泛的；概括的★abroadadv.在国外；到国外athomeandabroad在国内外2envyn.&vt.艳羡；嫉妒1.Allofthestudentsenviedhimwinning（win）thefirstprizeandsenttheircongratulations.2.Shesawtheenvious（envy）lookintheotherpeople’seyeswhenshewasassignedtothemostdecentjob.3.Theylookedwithenvyatherlatestpurchase，apreciousoldbook.点拨withenvy相当于副词enviously。类似的还有withhappiness/joy/kindness等。4.妈妈是我的榜样。我艳羡她在逆境中的决心和毅力。 （人物塑造）→①Mymotherismyrolemodel.Ienvyherresolutionandperseveranceeveninthefaceofadversity.（envy）→②Mymotherismyrolemodel.Iamenviousofherresolutionandperseveranceeveninthefaceofadversity.（envious）★envysb.（doing）sth.艳羡某人（做）某事★greenwithenvy眼红的withenvy艳羡地，嫉妒地★enviousadj.艳羡的，嫉妒的beenviousof艳羡的，嫉妒的3abandonvt.舍弃，离开（leave）；放弃，停止；抛弃，遗弃；沉湎于1.Attheparty，wesang，danced，andlaughedwithwildabandon，forgettingallthetroublesinourlives. （读后续写之情感描写）2.Whenwalkingintheforestinthebittercold，theycameacrossanoldabandoned（abandon）cottage.3.史蒂文沉湎于丢失了他的猫的哀痛中，禁不住哭了起来。 （读后续写之心情描写）→Abandoninghimselftothesorrowoflosinghiscat，Stevenjustcouldn’thelpcrying.（分词短语作状语）★abandonone’shope/plan/idea放弃某人的希望/支配/想法abandononeselfto沉湎于（某种情感），陷入★withabandon放纵地，放任地★abandonedadj.被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的4resolvevi.确定，决心；表决vt.解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚决的信念1.Thegovernmentrestateditsresolvetocarry（carry）outathoroughinvestigationanduncoverthetruth.点拨空前的resolve位于代词its之后，是名词。2.Wehaveresolvedonmaking（make）anearlystarttogoaboard.3.[人教选必③－4]Forthewholemorning，theboardofdirectorshasbeendiscussingtheresolution（resolve）toincreasewagesinthecomingyear.4.为了解决冲突，首先你应当主动地在父母和你之间架起沟通的桥梁。 （建议信）Inordertoresolvetheconflict，yououghttoactivelybuildabridgeofcommunicationbetweenyourparentsandyouatfirst.5.我已决心追随她的脚步，致力于年轻人的教化。→①Ihaveresolvedtofollowinherfootstepsanddevotemylifetotheeducationofyoungmen.（resolvev.）→②Ihavemadearesolutiontofollowinherfootstepsanddevotemylifetotheeducationofyoungmen.（resolution）点拨表示"决心/确定做某事"的还有：decidetodosth.，makeupone’smindtodosth.，determinetodosth.。★resolve（not）todosth.确定（不）做某事resolveon（doing）sth.确定（做）某事resolveanissue/adispute/aconflict解决问题/争端/冲突★resolutionn.决议；解决；决心makearesolutiontodosth.确定做某事5unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；缺憾地1.[人教必修③－3]Over300，000peoplecamefromallovertheworldtoseektheirfortune（fortunate），andSanFranciscoquicklybecameabigcity.2.[外研选必②－6]Fortunately（fortunate），Ihaveshelter，becausethelandingcapsuleprotectsmefromthedeadlyradiationoutside.3.Recently，Ihavebeenbusypreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination，butunfortunatelyIfinditquitehardtoconcentrateonmystudy（但不幸的是，我发觉集中精力学习很困难）.4.我很幸运，和父母一起参观了全国各地的很多博物馆。→①Iwasfortunatetovisitmanymuseumsacrossthecountrywithmyparents.（不定式）→②ItwasfortunateformethatIvisitedmanymuseumsacrossthecountrywithmyparents.（it作形式主语）★unfortunateadj.不幸的★fortunateadj.幸运的befortunatetodo有幸做Itisfortunate（forsb.）that...（某人）有幸……★fortunen.机会；运气；大笔的钱seekone’sfortune外出找寻发财机会★misfortunen.不幸；不幸的事故fortunatelyadv.幸运地6commitmentn.承诺，保证；已承诺的事；奉献，忠诚；花费1.[人教选必①－1]TuYouyou，acommitted（commit）andpatientscientist，wasborninNingbo，China，on30December1930...2.[人教选必③－4]Theyalsohadtohaveastrongresolutiontofinishwhattheyhadstartednomatterhowharditwas，greatpersonaldiscipline，andafirmcommitment（commit）totheothermembersoftheteam.3.[北师选必①－2]However，LangPing’scommitmenttoChinesevolleyballbroughtherbackhome.4.假如我能成为你们中的一员，我将承诺尽我所能做好我的工作。 （申请信）→①IfIcanbeamemberofyourgroup，Iwillmakeacommitmenttodomyjobtothebestofmyability.（commitment）→②IfIcanbeamemberofyourgroup，Iwillbecommittedto（doing）myjobtothebestofmyability.（committed）★makeacommitmenttosb.向某人承诺makeacommitmenttodo保证/承诺做commitmentto...对……的奉献/投入/忠诚★commitvt.犯（罪）；承诺；花（钱或时间）vi.忠于commitacrime犯罪commitmoney/timetosth.花钱或时间在某事上becommittedto（doing）sth.承诺做某事★committedadj.坚决的；不遗余力的7turndown拒绝（提议、建议或提议人）（refuse/reject/decline）；把……调低，关小1.Ibegantobreakdownintears（起先不由自主地哭起来）andhuggedmyfathertightly.（读后续写之心情描写）2.他喝咖啡和吸烟都比以前少了，饮食也均衡了。Hecutdownoncoffeeandcigarettes，andateabalanceddiet.3.书籍是贮存人类代代相传的才智的珍宝。Booksaretreasuresstoringwisdompasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.4.他跪下来，低下头，以细看那株植物。 （读后续写之动作描写）Hegotdownonhiskneesandbenthisheadtogetacloserlookattheplant.★cutdown削减运用；砍倒（树木）bringdown击落，击倒；使垮台passdown使世代相传breakdown出故障；（关系）裂开；感情失控；分解；拆除；消退（障碍或偏见）putdown写下；镇压；贬低getdown写下；俯身；使懊丧8giveoff放出（热、光、气味或气体）1.[北师选必①－2]Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotestohomelesspeopleinthestreetsoflocalareas.2.Anyborrowedbookshouldbegivenbackwithinamonth.3.Hiswageshavegivenoutjustbecauseheboughttwopiecesoffurniture.4.ThepainwassosharpthatIthoughtmaybeIshouldstopandwalkforaminute，butIsaidtomyself，"Sticktoyourgoalandnevergiveup！"5.Ipressedmyparentsuntiltheyfinallygaveinandpermittedmetogoabroadwithmyfriendduringthesummervacation.6.篝火发出温煦的光线，他们安静下来起先观赏星空。 （读后续写之场景描写）Withthecampfiregivingoff/outawarmglow/light，theysettleddownandstartedtoappreciatethestarrysky.点拨表示"发出"的还有：sendout发出（信号、声音、光、热等）。★giveout放出，发出（气体、热量、光或气味）；分发；用完，耗尽；停止运转givein（to...）（向……）屈服/让步/倒戈giveback归还giveup放弃；认输；辞去（工作）giveaway泄露（隐私）；赠送9if引导的虚拟条件句1.[人教必修③－2]HowwouldtheConfucianideaoffairnesschangesocietyaroundyouifeverybodystarted（start）practisingfairnessineverything？2.Ifmycoachhadbeenthere，everythingwouldhavebeen（be）allrightthen.3.Ifthecandidateweretorecovertomorrow，theinterviewcertainlywouldnotbecancelled（cancel）.4.假如没有这次阅历，她就不会意识到她应当花更多的时间和家人在一起。Ifithadn’tbeenforthisexperience，shewouldn’thaverealizedthatsheshouldspendmoretimewithherfamily.点拨Ifithadnotbeenfor..."假如当时没有……，要不是……"，for后接名词，表示与过去事实相反的假设；Ifitwerenotfor..."假如没有……"，表示与现在事实相反的假设。★虚拟条件句表示不行能或不太可能发生的假设。句中谓语动词所用形式如下（以do为例）：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反haddonewould/could/should/mighthavedone与现在事实相反did（be动词用were）would/could/should/mightdo与将来事实相反did/weretodo/shoulddowould/could/should/mightdo否定词缀本单元：un-（不）＋fortunately（幸运地）→unfortunately不幸地拓展：常见的否定词缀及其构成单词如下：否定词缀原词或表确定的单词加上否定词缀的单词un-happy快乐comfortable舒适的fair公允的grateful感谢的lock锁上pack打包fold折叠unhappy不快乐uncomfortable不舒适的unfair不公允的ungrateful忘恩负义的unlock解锁unpack打开包袱unfold绽开in-/im-/il-/ir-convenient便利的possible可能的legal合法的responsible负责任的inconvenient不便利的impossible不行能的illegal不合法的irresponsible不负责任的dis-honest恳切的agree同意appear出现like宠爱approve同意dishonest不恳切的disagree不同意disappear消逝dislike不宠爱disapprove不同意mis-fortune运气understand理解lead