2022年江苏省南京市鼓楼区高一下学期期中统考英语试题

江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2022学年高一下学期期中统考英语试题测试时间120分钟全卷满分150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMostofusareawarethatwemusttakecareoftheenvironment,andthemajorityofustakestepstosaveenergyandreducewasteandpollution.Butrecentlysome“greentruths”havebeenshowntobeonlyhalftrue,orevencompletelyfalse.Herearesomecommonones.Whicharereallygreen??It’sbettertotakeashowerthanabath.Itdependsonhowlongyouspendintheshowerandhowlargeyourbathis.Ifyouspendmorethaneightminutesinashower,you’lluseasmuchwaterasinabathabout50litresofwater.Therefore,thekeyistokeepyourshowertimeasshortaspossible.?Eatinglocalfoodisgoodfortheenvironment.Itseemslikecommonsense:eatinglocalfoodshouldbebetterfortheenvironment,becauseitdoesnotneedtobetransportedlongdistancesandkeptcoldduringtransport.Unfortunately,itisnotthatsimple.Insomecases,localproducemighthaveusedmoreenergyandproducedmoregreenhousegasesthanproducegrownalongwayaway.?_____________________________Whenwetunoffadevice,suchastelevision,itgoesintostand-bymode.Devicesinthismodestillusepower,andolderdevicesinstand-bymodecanuseevenmore.Thishappensbecauseelectricitycontinuestoleakfromthedevice,evenwhenitisturned“off”.Tomakesureyourappliancesareinfactoff,removetheplugfromitspowersupply.Environmentalawarenessisnowpartofdailylife.Butit’sworthcheckingcommonideasandopinionstoseewhat’sreallygreen.21.Whatfoodismoreenvironmentallyfriendly?A.Italldepends.B.Noneofthem.C.Localproduce.D.Non-nativefood.22.Whichofthefollowingbestsuitstheblank?A.Whenyouturnoffadevice,itstillusespower.B.Whenyoutunoffadevice,itstopsusingpower.C.Unpluggingadeviceisbetterthanturningoffadevice.D.Goingintostand-bymodeisbetterthanturningoffadevice.23.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Totellthetruthaboutsome“greentruths”.B.Tocallonpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.C.Toexplainthesignificanceofenergy-saving.D.Topresentsomepracticalwaystoreducewaste.BRachelCarsonwasascientistbyprofession,butthelinesfromtheopenchapterofher1962bookSilentSpring.“AFableforTomorrow”,showhertalentasawriter.Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtoalert(使警惕)notonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothegeneralpublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonnaturalecosysteminparticular,totheharmfuluseofpesticides(杀虫剂),suchasDDT.Shebelievedthatthechemicalindustrywasknowinglycausingharmtoplants,animalsandevenhumans,andwishedtoseepesticidesusedinamoreresponsible,limitedandcarefullymonitoredway.Carsonurgedpeopletomakethemselvesawareofthefactsanddosomethingaboutthesituation.SilentSpringcontainsalotofscientificresearchandcasestudies.Thebookdetailstheprogrammeofremovinggypsymoth,whichkilledbirds,inadditiontokillinggypsymoths.Anothercasestudywasthefire-antprogrammethatkilledcows,butnotfireants.Thebookalsogivesdozensofotherexamplesofremovalprogrammesthatdidnothingtoreducetheproblemstheywereoriginallydesignedtosolve.The50orsopagesattheendofthebooklistCarson’ssource,showinghowthoroughandpreciseshewasasascientist.SilentSpringwasnot,however,receivedpositivelybyeveryone.ThoughCarson’sresearchwasstrongandwassupportedbymostscientistswhoreviewedherbook,thebookquicklybecameatargetforcriticsinthepesticideindustry.TheysaidthatCarsondidnotunderstandthesciencebehindherargumentsbecauseshewasamarinebiologistratherthanachemist.Somealsosaidthatherworkwasmoreemotionalthanscientific.ThesewereattemptstodamageCarson’sreputation(名声)andstopherfrominfluencingpublicpolicy,butsheremaineddeterminedtostandbyherresearch.Carsonappearedinpublicandontelevisiontodefendherclaimsandtoday,morethan50yearsafteritwaspublished,thevoiceofSilentSpringisstillringingloudandclear.24.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthepassage?①Backgroundofthebook ②Featuresofthebook③Purposesofthebook ④ResponsestothebookA.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②④25.SomepeoplequestionedCarson’sideasbecausetheythought__________________.A.shelackedsufficientevidenceB.shewasignorantoftruescienceC.shewasanxioustogetthecreditD.shewasunprofessionalinthatfield26.SilentSpringisabookthat__________________.A.revealshumanstobetheruleroftheworldB.chargespesticideindustrywithimmoralactC.illustratesthepotentialdangerofpesticidesD.requestspeopletoappreciatethebeautyofspring27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeCarson?A.Scientificandforward-looking. B.Ordinaryandresponsible.C.Courageousandwell-educated. D.Intelligentandadventurous.CFlowerscents(香味)helppollinators(传粉者)locatetheirfavoriteplants.Scientistshaveestablishedthatairpollutantschangethosescents,throwingoffthetrackingabilitiesofsuchbeneficialinsectsashoneybees.Butnewlabexperimentsarethefirsttoconfirmthatonepollinator,thetobaccohawkmoth,canquicklylearnthatapollution-changedscentcomesfromthejasminetobaccoflowerthattheinsectlikes.ChemicalecologistMarkusKnadenandcolleaguesfocusedononepollutant-ozone,themainelementinsmog.Inthelab,histeamblewanozone-changedscentfromatinytubeintoatunnel,withamoth(飞蛾)awaitingatthefarendofthetunnel.Usually,whenthemothsmellstheunchangedscent,itfliesupwindandusesitslong,skinnymouthpartstoprobethetubethewaythatitwouldaflower.Theresearchersexpectedthatthechangedscentmightthrowthemothoffalittle.Buttheinsectwasn’tattractedatall.Inadditiontoscent,tobaccohawkmothstrackflowersvisually,soKnaden’steamusedthefeature,alongwithasweetsnack,totrainthemothtobeattractedtoapollution-changedscent.Theresearcherswrappedabrightly-coloredartificialfloweraroundthetubetotrickthemothbackacrossthetunnel,despitetheunfamiliarscent.Andtheteamaddedsugarwatertotheartificialflower.Afteramothwasgivenfourminutestotastethesweetstuff,itwasattractedtothenewsmellwhensentintothetunnel15minuteslater,evenwhenneitherthesugarwaternorthevisualsignaloftheartificialflowerwaspresent.Thisstudyfocusedononlyonemothspecies,butKnaden’steamisnowworkingonplanningexperimentswithotherpollinatorsthatareeasiertofollowthantobaccohawknoths.Whileheguesseshoneybeesmightalsobeasadaptableasthemothwas,thatwon’tbetrueofeverypollinator.“Thesituationcanbecomeverybadforinsectsthatarenotascleverorcannotseethatwell.Idon’twantthetake-homemessagetobethatpollutionisnotaproblem.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“probe”inparagraph2mean?A.Surround. B.Favour. C.Access. D.Examine.29.Accordingtothepassage,_________________________.A.notallmothswereattractedtoozone-changedscentasexpectedB.thecurrentresearchconductedbyKnadenispioneeringandwide-rangingC.notallpollinatorsareadaptabletohuman-drivenchangestotheirenvironmentD.themothdidn’tlikethenewsmellwithoutsugarwaterandartificialflower30.What’sKnaden’sattitudetowardsthefindingofthestudy?A.Positive.B.Cautious.C.Unclear.D.Critical.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Amothcanberidofthetrackingabilitytolocateitsfavouriteplants.B.Amothisabletoestablisharelationshipbetweenpollutionandscents.C.Amothmayoutsmartsmogbylearningtolikepollution-changedscent.D.Amothisbornwithanabilitytoadapttothechangesintheenvironment.DThefirstwide-rangingassessmentofmedicalcrowdfundingintheUnitedStatesshowsthatpeopleinstateswithhighermedicaldebt(债务)andlowerratesofinsurancecoverage(保险范围)aremorelikelytotrytoraisemoneythroughcrowdfundingwebsites,butlesslikelytosucceed.From2016through2020,moremedicalcampaigns(运动)onthecrowdfundingsiteGoFundMewerestartedinlow-incomeandunder-insuredcommunities.Butcampaignsinwealthiercommunitieswithhigherratesofinsurancecoverageraisedsignificantlymoremoney.Mississippi,forexample,hasthehighestpercentageofpopulationwithmedicaldebtandisamongthehighestinpercentageofuninsured,butcrowdfundingcampaignsthereraisedtheleastmoneyofall50states.Vermont,ontheotherhand,raisedthemost.Itspopulationhadoneofthelowestpercentagesofuninsuredpeopleandwasaroundthemiddleastothepercentageofpopulationwithoutmedicaldebt.“Onlythemostsuccessfulcampaignsarestressedonsocialmedia,givingtheimpressionthatcrowdfundingworks,”saysstudycoauthorNorsKenworthy,apubichealthresearcher.But,shesays.weneedtobemore“clear-eyed”aboutcrowdfunding’slimitsandthekindsofgapsitfills.YetevenincountrieslikeCanadaandtheUnitedKingdom,whichhavesomeformofuniversalhealthcarecoverage,studiesofcrowdfundingstresssignificantgaps.Inthosecountries,crowdfindingisoftenforexpensesindirectlyrelatedtoillnessandaccidents,suchaslostwages,transportationandchild-carecosts,Kenworthysays.Accordingtoone2019study,crowdfundinginCanadaforcancer-relatedexpensesislesssuccessfulinareaswithlowereducationandincome.WhileGoFundMe’spreviousCEORoberSolomonhascalledconcernsthatcrovdfundingincreasessocioeconomicinequalities“hogwash”(一派胡吉),thenewstudynegatesthat,saysJeremySnyde,aCanadianhealthresearcher,whowasnotinvolvedinthisresearch.“Crowdfundingdependsheavilyonpeernetworksthattypicallyhavesimilarfeatures,includingincome,tothecampaignerthemselves,”saysSnyder,“IfGoFundMehasdatathatsuggestsotherwise,thentheyhaveadutytomakeitpublic.”IntheUnitedStates,onlinecrowdfunding_______________________.relievesthemedicalproblemofthoseinpovertyridstheunder-insuredstatesofhighmedicaldebtC.deepenshealthcareinequalitiesindifferentareasD.fundsrichcommunitieswithhigherinsurancecoverage33.WhydoestheauthormentionCanadaandtheUK?A.Torevealdifferentpurposesofcrowdfunding.B.Toillustratethenoticeablegapsofcrowdfunding.C.Tofurtherexplorecrowdfundinginothercountries.D.TocomparetheircrowdfundingwiththatintheUSA.34.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.Medicalcrowdfundingrarelyhelpsthosewhoneeditmost.B.Socialmediacoversupthetruththatcrowdfundingneverworks.C.TheUSAhasahigherrateofinsurancecoveragelikeCanadaandtheUK.D.Medicalcrowdfundingraisesmoremoneythansocialmediapostssuggest.35.WhichofthefollowingdoesSnydermostprobablyagreewith?A.GoFundMemustprovidemoredatatosupportitsstand.B.Crowdfundingnarrowsthefinancialgapamongdifferentclasses.C.Weshouldbemoreawareofcrowdfunding’slimitsandpurposes.D.Withoutpeernetworks,crowdfundingcouldn’tfunctionproperly.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文中的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whendidyoulastwritealetter?Properlywriteone-byhand?Inadigitalworld,wheresendingatextoremailisfarmoreconvenientthanusingsnailmail(传统信件),isitstillnecessarytowritewithtraditionalpenandpaper?Well,somepeoplebelievethatwritingstillhasmanybenefits._____36_____Thesedays,Whenpeoplerequestthingsinwriting,atyped,electronicdocumentwillbeaccepted._____37_____Butmakingahandwrittendocumentisunique:Itrequiresplanningandthought,and,aswellaspracticingyourhandwriting,ithelpsyoutorememberspellingandpunctuation（标点）._____38_____Thisisparticularlyrelevantforstudents,wheretypingnotesintoalaptopisthoughttolackthe“tactile(触觉的)feedback”tothebrainthatcontactbetweenpenandpaperdoes.BBCWorklifewebsitequotesHettyRoessingfromtheUniversityofCalgary,whosaysthat“takingnotesbyhandinvolvescognitive(认知的)engagementinsummarizing,paraphrasing,organizing,conceptandvocabularymapping.”Othersagreethathandwritingmayboostfinemotorskillsinyourhandsandfingers.Thereareeverydaybenefitstousingpenandpapertoo.Drawingnotes.shoppinglists,ormessagesonthebackofanenvelopecanstillbeuseful,quickandportable._____39_____PenpalwriterKatherineMollertoldtheBBC:“Inaworldwhereitissoeasytohoponlinetoemailortosendafasttext,itissopersonalandsoprecioustoknowsomeonechosetoturnoffthevirtualworldtospendsometimewithyou.”So,whiledigitalskillsremainimportant,don’twriteoffyourpensandpencilsyet._____40_____Afterall,wecan’tignorethebenefitshandwritingbringtous.Somaybeit’snottimetothrowawayyourpensorpencilsyet.Especiallyifyoursmartphone,tabletorlaptoprunsoutofpower!D.Andwritingalettertoafriendisagoodwaytopractisehandwriting.E.Someexpertsbelieveyourbrainbenefitsfromusingold-fashionedpenandpaper.F.Doingthisonacomputermeansitcouldbesaved,edited,copiedandsentviaemail.G.Butputtingpentopaperinalettertoafriendorlovedonecanprobablyhavethemostimpact.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选可以填入空白处的最佳选项ZhangMengqiu,bornin2002,wontwogoldandthreesilvermedalsinallfiveeventsofthewomen’salpineskiingstandingattheWinterParalympicGames.She___41___viewersbystylingfivedifferenthairdosatawardceremoniesto___42___herconfidence,beauty,aswellasoptimismtowardslife.Zhang,whosufferedfromfunctionalmovementdisorderasaconsequenceofcerebralpalsy(脑瘫),was___43___toAlpineskiinginHebeipara-teamin2016.Zhang’s___44___speedwasslightlyslowerthanothersduetoher___45___disadvantage.Whenshefirsthittheslopes,Zhang___46___shewasaslowlearner.___47___,shedecidedtoputinextrahours___48___tomasterthesport’sskills,believingthat“therearenotmany___49___battlesonecanmeetinlife,soyouneedtosparenoeffortbeforethebattles.”Ayearlater,Zhangwasselectedtothenationalteam.With___50___andambition,shebeganto___51___atinternationalcompetitions,winningnumerousmajor___52___.Duringthecampaign___53___300millionpeopleinwintersportsinChina,Zhangimprovedrapidlyinrecentyears.“lamnotgoodat___54___butIhopethegoldcanletmorepeopleknowthateffortseventuallywillbeturnedinto___55___”Zhangsaid.()41.A.conducted B.favoured C.informed D.surprised()42.A.track B.process C.reveal D.permit()43.A.attached B.glued C.introduced D.devoted()44.A.defence B.delivery C.procedure D.reaction()45.A.intellectual B.mental C.physical D.emotional()46.A.proved B.admitted C.declared D.signalled()47.A.Thus B.Instead C.Besides D.Indeed ()48.A.instore B.incharge C.inpractice D.inturn()49.A.appealing B.limited C.further D.significant()50.A.talent B.determination C.appreciation D.wisdom()51.A.shine B.belong C.quit D.explore()52.A.credits B.titles C.affairs D.funds()53.A.applying B.involving. C.locating D.benefiting()54.A.commenting B.profiting C.expressing D.protesting()55.A.trials B.rewards C.awards D.recipes第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。ManyGreekphilosopherswereatthesametimescientists.ThusPlatowasamathematicianandAristotlecontributedtozoology.Aristotle,indeed,startedmethodicalresearch,patiently56.___________(collect)materialandlaying57._____________(mass)foundations(基础)formodernscience.BeforePlatoandAristotle,therehadbeenscientist-philosophers.Afterthem,Greeksciencemadefurtheradvances.Twomenmaybementionedfor56.___________theydidtopushscienceforward.Bothlivedinthe3rdcenturyB.C.Euclidisevennowwell-knownforhisElemerits,atextbookofgeometry(几何学),perhapsthemostsuccessfultextbookever59.___________(write),becauseItwasinuseinEnglishschoolsuntiltheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.Archimedesdidimportantworknotonlyingeometry,butalsoinarithmetic(算术),mechanicandhydro-static(静水力学).Hediscoveredthatwhen60.___________bodyisimmersedinwater,itslossofweightisequaltotheweightofthewaterdisplaced(排水).HeinventedmachineswhichgreatlyhelpedhisnativecityagainsttheRomans.61.___________(illustrate)theprincipleofthelever(杠杆),heissaidtotelltheking:“Givemeaplacetostand,andI62.___________(move)theworld.”Greeksciencedidnotneglect63.___________(apply).Mathematics,thepurestofsciencewasappliedinatleastfivefield.Greekscientistscollectedawealthofmaterialandtriedtofindthepropermethodofdoingscientificwork.Asaresult,theywereabletodeduce(推断)theoriesandbuiltupsystems,64.___________hadagreatinfluenceonlaterscientists.___________theyfailedtocreateconditionsforthecontinuousgrowthofscience.Itistherethatgreatchangesbeganinthe17thand18thcenturiesanditisthisthatsetoffmodernfromancientscience.写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）假定你是李华，最近在报纸上读到了高科技给老人带来不便的报道，感到有责任给予老人一定的帮助，请你给校英文报写一封倡议信，呼吁大家一起参与。内容包括：倡议的原因；如何提供帮助；发出呼吁。注意:词数80左右;可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dearschoolmates,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LiHua第二节:读后续写（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Alywanderedtowardthegarden,whereMissStrawbridge,thelandlady,wasplantingflowers.Lastweek,AlyandherparentshadmovedintothehouseinMissStrawbridge’sbackyard.Alywatchedsilentlyuntiltheoldwomanlookedupandasked,“Whythelongface,Aly?”“Therearen’tanykidsaroundheretoplaywith.”saidAly.MissStrawbridge’sbluedeyestwinkled.“YoushouldjustlikeRachelwhousedtolivehere.”saidMissStrawbridge.“Toobadyoutwoyounggirlscouldn’thavelivedhereatthesametime.”“WhatdidRacheldowhenshewasbored?”askedAly.“Sheplantedaflowergardenbytheshed（棚子）inthebackyard.”answeredMissStrawbridge.MissStrawbridgehandedAlyatrowel（铲子）andheldoutaboxofflowers.Fortherestoftheafternoon,Alypulledtheweeds,dugandplanted.Butwhenshesteppedbackandadmiredherblueandyellowflowers,shesmiled.Still,itwastoobadthatRachelwasn’ttheretoshareit.Thenextday,Alywateredherflowers,thenwonderedwhatelseshecoulddo.Shewalkedacrosstheyardtothegarden,whereMissStrawbridgesatreading.Shestoodsilentlyuntiltheoldwomanlookedup.“WhatelsedidRacheldowhenshewasbored?”askedAly.“Shewrotepoetryinherflowergarden.”MissStrawbridgeanswered.“Oneofherpoemevenwonthefirstprizeinacontestatschool.Thebestwaytolearnhowtowritepoetryistoreadpoetry.”ShehandedAlyherbook.Fortherestoftheafternoon,Alylayonherstomachinthecoolgrass