初高中英语衔接语法定语从句入门浅析解读

定语从句1、什么是定语2、英语中可以作定语的有哪些3、定语在中文和英文中的位置4、什么是定语从句5、定语从句的位置6、定语从句的重要成分什么是定语我有一个苹果。Ihaveanapple.我有一个红苹果。Ihavearedapple.这个男孩是Tom。TheboyisTom.这个穿蓝色衣服的男孩是Tom。TheboyinblueisTom.主谓宾定主系表定定语起修饰、限定、说明名词和代词的品质与特征的一类成分译为：......的英语中的定语：形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、不定式(todo)等Ihavearedapple.TheboystandingunderthetreeisTom.IamanEnglishteacher.TheboyinblueisTom.Thisisagoodidea.Theybuiltahighwayleadingintothemountains.前置定语后置定语中文：定语在名词前英文：定语可能在名前，可能在名后前置定语后置定语书写时：英翻中时：TheboystandingunderthetreeisTom.站在树下的男孩是汤姆.定语部分要放在名词前翻译不管在前还是在后，和名词紧挨着什么是定语从句简单来说，就是能修饰、限定、说明名词和代词的句子定语从句的位置被修饰的名词或代词的后面,紧挨着练习--合并成一句1、这个女孩是我们的班长。这个女孩正在弹钢琴。2、那个女人穿着红色长裙。她是那个女人。3、这个老师有黑胡子。这个老师叫布朗先生。4、这个女孩有长头发。这个女孩8岁。这个正在弹钢琴的女孩是我们的班长。她是那个穿着红色长裙的女人。这个有黑胡子的老师叫布朗先生。这个叫布朗先生的老师有黑胡子。这个有长头发的女孩8岁。这个8岁的女孩有长头发。这个女孩是我们的班长。这个女孩正在弹钢琴。这个正在弹钢琴的女孩是我们的班长。定语从句monitorThegirlwhoisplayingpianoisourmonitor.1、两个句子中有同一内容，合并成一句时会省略。2、定语从句紧跟在被修饰内容之后。Thegirlwhoisplayingpianoisourmonitor.定语从句先行词作用：联系先行词和从句，充当从句主语关系词根据先行词内容的不同，关系词分为以下两种：关系代词一、先行词指“人”时，关系代词用who/whom。判断方法当先行词在定语从句中作主语，用who；当先行词在定语从句中作宾语，用who/whom练习1.Theexpert____visitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.2.Theone___________wearetalkingaboutisascientist.whowho/whom注：先行词作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。who/whom/不填二、先行词指“物”时，关系代词用which。注意事项不管当先行词在定语从句中作主语还是宾语，都用which；当先行词在定语从句中作宾语，which可以省略练习1.Themagazine__________Iboughtyesterdayislost.2.Chinaisacountry______hasalonghistory.3.Thefish____________Iboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.which/不填whichwhich/不填三、that：能指人指物；可作主语宾语。一般情况下，who/whom/which能用的地方，that均可使用；当先行词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略1.Themagazine_______________Iboughtyesterdayislost.2.Chinaisacountry____________hasalonghistory.3.Theexpert____________visitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.4.Theone______________________wearetalkingaboutisascientist.that/which/不填that/whichthat/whothat/who/whom/不填补充：Sheisnolongerthecutegirl________sheusedtobe.that/不填系动词表语⭐定语从句中关系代词作表语只能用____。that还可以省略先行词在从句中所做的成分关系代词物主语宾语表语人主语宾语表语which/thatwhich/that/×that/×who/thatwho/whom/that/×that/×关系代词省略口诀：____________________宾省表省主不省关系代词的作用关系代词的作用：①连接主句和从句

②指代先行词

③在从句中作句子成分关系代词的选择：

①先行词是“人”还是“物”

②先行词在从句中作什么成分练习1.AlphaGoisarobot_______________Iamafraidof.2.Beijingisnolongerthecity__________itusedtobe.3.Nothingisdifficulttotheman___________willtry.4.Intheeveningsmyfatheroftenlooksatsomedocuments______________hebringsbackfromtheoffice.5.ChenZijiangisapaper-cuttingexpert_____________________IinterviewedformyarticleonChineseArt.which/that/×that/×who/thatwhich/that/×whom/who/that/×特殊情况特殊记一、指人时，只用who不用that的情况：1、先行词是指人的不定代词或指示代词，例如anyone、one、those等词时例：Those____listenedtohimweredeeplymoved.who2、在therebe句型中例：Thereisanoldman____saysheisyouruncle.who巧记：都是有O的人ooo二、指人时，只用that不用who的情况：主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免who重复出现，只用that例：Whoistheperson____lovesyoumost?that三、只用that不用which的情况：1、先行词是序数词、形容词最高级2、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰It’sthemostsuccessfulparty____Ihaveevertakenpartin.Thisisthebest____canbedonenow.Thefirstbook____IreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.thatthatthat3、先行词是不定代词时，例如all、much、little、few、something、anything、none、nothing等。Hedideverything____hecouldtohelpus.Wearewillingtodoanything____isgoodtothepeople.Ihavetoldthemall_____Iknow.Iamsureshehassomething____youcanborrow.thatthatthatthat4、先行词前有any、every、no、all、much、little、few、theonly、thesame、thevery、thelast等词修饰时。theonly唯一thesame同一个...thevery恰好是thelast最不.../绝不...有时译成“最后一个”I’vereadallthebooks_____arenotmine.Thisistheonlybook_____canbelenttoyou.Ihavefoundtheverypen_____Ilostyesterday.Thisisthesamebook_____Ilostlastweek.thatthatthatthat5、主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句，为避免which重复出现，只用that。Whichisthebike_____youlost?that6、先行词同时指人和物时，只用that。Iamgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeople_____Ihavevisited.thatWeoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthings_____weremember.that7、Therebe句型中，先行词是“物”时，用that。Thereisnowork____canbedonenow.Therewasstillalotofhomework_____wehadtodoinourfreetime.thatthat四、只用which不用that的情况：先行词本身就是that、those。Ilikethat_____yougaveme.whichWhatisthat_____isonthetable?Ilikethose_____aresweet.whichwhich练习1.Anyone_____stealsanythingherewillbeboundtogetcaught.2.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything_____happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersons____theyaretalkingabout?4.Readingistheonlything_____interestedhermost.whothatthatthat补充：介词+关系代词Thisistheroomin_____MissLioncelived.Thisisthepenwith_____Iwrotetheletter.Onewriterin_____IhadtakenaninterestwasHanhan.whichwhichwhom关系代词指代在定语从句中的作用whose人或物作定语（相当于先行词的所有格）例：那个女生是丽娜。那个女生的包是红色的。那个包是红色的女生是丽娜。ThatgirlisLina.Thatgirl'sbagisred.ThatgirlwhosebagisredisLina.......的练习1.MrLiuwantstotalktothestudents_________homeworkhasn'tbeenhandedin．.2.Thisisthewoman_______