2018-2019年中国人民大学考博英语真题及答案

2018年中国人民大学考博英语真题及答案

IIVocabulary(10points)

PartA(5points)

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,

therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone

thatbestcompletesthesentence.Markthecorresponding

letterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketonANSWER

SHEET.

1.Andthetopic"fat"isforbidden.Eventheslightest

paunchbetraysthatoneislosingthetrimandof

youth.

A.vagueB.vigorC.vogueD.vulgar

2.Allspecialistsagreethatthemostimportant

considerationwithdietdrugsiscarefullythe

risksandbenefits.

A.valuingB.evaluatingC.estimatingD.

weighing

3.Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon'tletgo.Theytalk

awaycontentedly,ofmydiscomfortandstruggleto

disengagemyhand.

A.obliviousB.patentC.obviousD.pernicious

4.Theword“foolish“istoomildtodescribeyour

behavior,Iwouldprefertheword.

A.ideologicalB.idyllicC.idioticD.idiomatic

5.Becauseofitsexcellenceinquality,forthelasttwo

years,Audicarhas_GermanyJsTouringCarChampionship.

A.conqueredB.contestedC.dominatedD.

determined

6.Whatweconsideraluxuryatonetimefrequentlybecomes

a,manyfamiliesfindthatownershipoftwocarsis

indispensable.

A.fashionB.necessityC.proclivityD.nuisance

7.Thechiefeditorthoughthetooksomelibertieswith

theoriginalintranslation.Soitwasnecessarythathemake

thesuggested.

A.alterationsB.alternativesC.alternationsD.

altercations

8.Manywell-educatedpeopledon'tbelievethat

willendangerfreedomofspeech.

A.censershipB.censureshipC.sensorshipD.

censorship

9.Theof“snake“issimplythis:aleglessreptile

withalong,thinbody.

A.connotationB.denominationC.donationD.

denotation

10.WhentheopposingplayerfouledJohn,Johnlethis

angerhisgoodsenseandhittheboyback.

A.gotthefeelofB.gotthehangof

C.gotthebetterofD.gottheworstof

PartB(5points)

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentencesthereis

onewordorphraseunderlined.Belowthesentencearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethat

isclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.Markthe

correspondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquare

bracketonANSWERSHEETI.

11.AlthoughthisbookclaimstobeabiographyofGeorge

Washington,manyoftheincidentsareimaginary.

A.fascinatingB.factitiousC.fastidiousD.

fictitious

12.Thetradefairisdesignedtofacilitatefurther

cooperationbetweenChineseautoindustriesandoverseas

autoindustries.

A.promoteB.protectC.preserveD.prolong

13.Hewasconcernedonlywithmundanematters,especially

thedailystockmarketquotations.

A.rationalB.obscureC.worldlyD.eminent

14.TheearthquakethatoccurredinIndiathisyearwas

amajorcalamityinwhichagreatmany1iveswerelost.

A.casualtyB.catastropheC.catalogueD.

crusade

15.Thedoctorswereworriedbecausethepatientdidnot

recuperateasrapidlyastheyhadexpected.

A.withdrawB.emergeC.recoverD.uncover

16.Thepurchaserofthislorryisprotectedbythe

manufacturer?swarrantythathewillreplaceanydefective

partforfiveyearsor50,000miles.

A.prohibitionB.insuranceC.prophecyD.

guarantee

17.Theboycouldnotreconcilehimse1ftothefailure,

hedidnotbelievethatwashislot.

A.submitB.commitC.transmitD.permit

18.InsomecitiesofNorthChina,thenoisepollutionis

aspronouncedasthatinTokyo.

A.contemptuousB.contagiousC.conspicuousD.

contemplated

19.Trivialbreachesofregulationswecanpassover,but

moreseriousoneswillhavetobeinvestigated.

A.exceedB.witherC.overpassD.neglect

20.Wewerediscussingthehousingproblemwhena

middle-agedmancutinandsaid,“There'snopointintalking

aboutimpossibilities.”

A.intersectB.interjectC.penetrateD.

adulterate

IIICloze(10points)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage,

andforeachblankthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,Cand

Dattheendofthepassage.YoushouldchoosetheONEanswer

thatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorresponding

letterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketonthe

ANSWERSHEET.

Motorwaysare,nodoubtthesafestroadsinBritain.Mile

21mile,vehicleforvehicle,youaremuch22likelyto

bekilledorseriouslyinjuredthanonanordinaryroad.On

23hand,ifyoudohaveaseriousaccidentonamotorway,

fatalitiesaremuchmorelikelyto24thaninacomparable

accident25ontheroads.

Motorwayshaveno26bends,noroundaboutsortraffic

lightsand27speedsaremuchgreaterthanonotherroads.

Thoughthe70mphlimitis28inforce,itisoftentreated

withthecontemptthatmostdrivershaveforthe30mpblimit

applyinginbuiltupareasinBritain.Addedtothisisthe

factthatmotorwaydriversseemtoliketravelingingroups

withperhaps29tenmetresbetweeneachvehicle.The

resultinghorrificpile-ups30vehiclestopsforsome

reason,suchasmechanicalfailure,drivererrorandsoon,

havebecomeall31fami1iarthroughpicturesin

newspapersorontelevision.How32ofthesedrivers

realizethatittakesacaraboutonehundredmetrestobrake

toastop3370mph?Driversalsoseemtothinkthat

motorwaydrivinggivesthemcompleteprotectionfromthe

changingweather.34wettheroad,whateverthevisibility

inmistorfog,onthey35atridiculousspeedsoblivious

ofpolicewarningsorspeedrestrictions36theirjourney

comestoaconclusion.Perhapsoneremedy37this

motorwaymadnesswouldbebetterdrivereducation.At

present,learnerdriversarebared38motorwaysandare

thusasfarasthiskindofdrivingis39throwninatthe

deepend.However,muchmoreefficientpolicingisrequired,

40itisthedutyofthepolicenotonlytoenforcethelaw

butalsotoprotectthegeneralpublicfromitsown

foolishness.

21.A.forB.afterC.toD.by

22.A.moreB.farC.lessD.lesser

23.A.anotherB.otherC.oneD.theother

24.A.comeupB.occurC.befoundD.arise

25.A.everywhereB.elsewhereC.anywhereD.

somewhere

26.A.pointedB.steepC.verticalD.sharp

27.A.thusB.thenC.soD.thereupon

28.A.yetB.evenC.stillD.subsequently

29.A.utterlyB.simplyC.barelyD.purely

30.A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.for

31.A.tooB.alsoC.undulyD.unreasonably

32.A.manyB.muchC.deeplyD.profoundly

33.A.toB.fromC.atD.for

34.A.WhateverB.HoweverC.WhoeverD.How

35.A.pushB.rakeC.tillD.plough

36.A.unlessB.beforeC.thusD.until

37.A.toB.forC.ofD.on

38.A.fromB.againstC.awayD.off

39.A.relatedB.consideredC.concernedD.

touched

40.A.butB.thenC.themD.for

IVReadingComprehension(20points)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassages,decideonthe

bestoneofthechoicesmarkedA,B,CandDforeachquestion

orunfinishedstatementandmarkthecorrespondingletter

withasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketonANSWERSHEET

I.

Passage1

Thenexttimethemenweretakenupontothedeck,Kunta

madeapointoflookingatthemanbehindhiminline,the

onewholaybesidehimtotheleftwhentheywerebelow.He

wasaSereretribesmanmucholderthanKunta,andhisbody,

frontandback,wascreasedwithwhipcuts,someofthemso

deepandfesteringthatKuntafeltbadlyforhavingwished

sometimesthathemightstrikethemaninthedarknessfor

moaningsosteadilyinhispain.StaringbackatKunta,the

Serere'sdarkeyeswerefulloffuryanddefiance.Awhip

lashedoutevenastheystoodlookingateachother―this

timeatKunta,spurringhimtomoveahead.Tryingtoroll

away,Kuntawaskickedheavilyinhisribs.Butsomehowhe

andthegaspingWolofmanagedtostaggerbackupamongthe

othermenfromtheirshelfwhowereshamblingtowardtheir

dousingwithbucketsofseawater.

Amomentlater,thestingingsaltinessofitwasburning

inKunta'swounds,andhisscreamsjoinedthoseofothers

overthesoundofthedrumandthewheezingthingthathad

againbegunmarkingtimeforthechainedmentojumpand

danceforthetoubob.KuntaandtheWolofweresoweakfrom

theirnewbeatingthattwicetheystumbled,butwhipblows

andkickssentthemhoppingclumsilyupanddownintheir

chains.SogreatwashisfurythatKuntawasbarelyaware

ofthewomensinging“Toubobfa!”Andwhenhehadfinally

beenchainedbackdowninhisplaceinthedarkhold,his

heartthrobbedwithalusttomurdertoubob.

Everyfewdaystheeightnakedtoubobwouldagaincome

intothestinkingdarknessandscrapetheirtubsfullofthe

excrementthathadaccumulatedontheshelveswherethe

chainedmenlay.Kuntawouldliestillwithhiseyesstaring

balefullyinhatred,followingthebobbingorangelights,

listeningtothetoubodcursingandsometimesslippingand

tailingintotheslicknessunderfoot—soplentifulnow,

becauseoftheincreasingloosenessofthemen'sbowels,

thatthefilthhadbeguntodropofftheedgesoftheshelves

downintotheaisleway.

Thelasttimetheywereondeck,Kuntahadnoticedaman

limpingonabadlyinfectedleg.Thistimethemanwaskept

upondeckwhentherestweretakenbackbelow.Afewdays

later,thewomentoldtheotherprisonersintheirsinging

thattheman'sleghadbeencutoffandthatoneofthewomen

hadbeenbroughttotendhim,butthatthemanhaddiedthat

nightandbeenthrownovertheside.Startingthen,whenthe

toubobcametocleantheshelves,theyalsodroppedred-hot

piecesofmetalintopailsofstrongvinegar.Thecloudsof

acridsteamlefttheholdsmellingbetter,butsoonitwould

againbeoverwhelmedbythechokingstink.Itwasasmell

thatKuntafeltwou1dneverleavehislungsandskin.

Thesteadymurmuringthatwentonintheholdwhenever

thetoubobweregonekeptgrowinginvolumeandintensity

asthemenbegantocommunicatebetterandbetterwithone

another.Wordsnotunderstoodwerewhisperedfrommouthto

earalongtheshelvesuntilsomeonewhoknewmorethanone

tonguewouldsendbacktheirmeanings.Intheprocess,all

ofthemenalongeachshelflearnednewwordsintonguesthey

hadnotspokenbefore.Sometimesmenjerkedupward,bumping

theirheads,inthedoubleexcitementofcommunicatingwith

eachotherandthefactthatitwasbeingdonewithoutthe

toubob,sknowledge.Mutteringamongthemselvesforhours,

themendevelopedadeepeningsenseofintrigueandof

brotherhood.Thoughtheywereofdifferentvillagesand

tribes,thefeelinggrewthattheywerenotfromdifferent

peoplesorplaces.

41.ThelivingconditionsfortheBlacksintheholdof

theslaveshipwere.

A.adequatebutprimitive

B.inhumaneandinadequate

C.humanebutcrowded

D.similartothecrew'squarters

42.Theprisonershaddifficultycommunicatingwitheach

otherbecause.

A.theyweretoosicktotalk

B.theydistrustedoneanother

C.noonefeltliketalking

D.theyspokedifferentlanguages

43.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningto

balefullyasusedin“Kuntawouldliestillwithhiseyes

staringbalefullyinhatredv?

A.IndulgentlyB.Vacantly

C.ForlornlyD.Menacingly

44.Byconstantlyreferringtosuchthingsasfilthand

chokingstink,theauthorseekstocreateatonethatarouses

afeelingof.

A.disgustwiththedirt

B.horrorattheinjustice

C.revoltingatthefoulodor

D.reliefthatthishappenedlongago

45.Despitetheirintensepainandsuffering,theBlack

menfoundasmallmeasureofcomfortin.

A.theirexerciseperiodsondeck

B.thebreathtakingoceanscenery

C.theirconversationswiththeBlackwomen

D.theirconversationswithoneanother

Passage2

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanies

whoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.Buttoafargreater

extentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomyJsvitality

dependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,

neighborhoodservicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,

definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploy

nearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedto

generatehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.

Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoorsover

thepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseean

additional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeahead

unprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfor

theirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearly

everyonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapital

thatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbya

takeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfind

anotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaof

beingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmust

also,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeperandreceptionist,

too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24of

every100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohave

disappearedintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheir

doorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose

100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000small

businesses,sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNational

FederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightly

betterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthe

companiessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheir

successinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinessthey

alreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwith

thesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchis

obviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthata

firm'shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationof

howwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.

Intheirzealtoexpand,small-businessownersoftenignore

earlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecaying

profitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyinto

theenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeeroding

profitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringenious

serviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthe

payrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthe

financialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessofthe

illness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargoneto

save.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm'svitalsignswillalsoguide

youtoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,you

mustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,

addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotideA.

46.Accordingtothepassage,acountry?seconomyis

probablydecidedby.

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnational

corporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswell

ascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplants

andrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelarge

companies

47.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneur

should.

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe'salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompanyJscrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusiness

isnottrue?.

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There'sagoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingto

asurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearly

premonitionoffailure.

49.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmean

accordingtothepassage?

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwater

inthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolve

thefinancialproblem.

C.It'stoolateforsmal1businessownerstorealize

thegravityoftheproblembecausetheyhaveuseduptheir

money.

D.It'surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheir

moneyintotheenterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

50.WhatJsthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinmultinational

corporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmallbusiness?

D.Howtoconquernewmarketsandgainthelargestprofit?

Passage3

Theblue,mysticLakeElsinoreliesinaninland

Californiavalleywhichisteemingandsteamingwithhot

springs.Rimmedbyshaggymountainswhoseforestedcrests

arereflectedinitsclearwaters,LakeElsinoreisthevery

personificationofpeace一butonitreststhecurseof

Tondo.

Thelakehashadacolorfulhistory.Muchofitliesburied

inlegend,anditisdifficulttoseparatefactfromfiction.

Therehavebeenstoriesofundergroundvolcanoesonthelake

bottom,erupting,killingfishanddiscoloringthewater.

Therehavebeenstoriesofaplayfulseaserpentthatlived

initsdepths.

Longnotedforitsscenicbeautyandhealth-givingwaters,

thelakewasafamousresortintheNineties.Butlongbefore

thefirstwhitemanhadsetfootalongtheshoreofthelake,

thispartofCaliforniahadbeenthehomeoftheSoboba

Indians.TheirchiefwasTondo,asternandunforgivingman.

Hehadadaughter,MorningStar,whowasinlovewithPalo,

sonofthechiefofthePalas,aneighboringtribe.The

SobobasandPalaswereswornenemies.Foratimethelovers

metsecretly.ThenonedaytheywerediscoveredbyTondo.

Hisragewasterribletobehold.Heforbadetheloversever

tomeetagain.

MorningStartriedineverywaytoappeaseherfather5

sanger,tosoftenhishearttowardPalo.Butintimeshe

sawthatitwasuseless;thathewouldnevergivehisconsent

totheirmarriage.Vowingthattheywouldneverbeseparated,

theIndianmaidandherloverwalkedhandinhandintothe

lake,asthedrearyNovembersuncastlongshadowsonthe

land.Theywerefollowedbyagroupoforphanchildrenwhom

MorningStarhadbefriended.Allwalkedintothelake,

singingthemournfuldeathsongoftheirpeople,whileTondo

stoodontheshoreandcursedthelovers,cursedtheblue

waterintowhichtheyallwalkedtotheirdeath.

Eversincethatdayitwouldseemthatajinxhasbeen

laidoverLakeElsinore.Oldtimerstellofagreatupheaval

inthelakewhichcausedwatertospoutintotheairlike

ageyserandturnblood-red.Later,itbecameknownthat

threehundredspringsofboilingmudandwaterwerebornin

thevalleyduringthatupheaval.Thespringsreekedwith

sulphur.

Formanyyearsafterthisphenomenonthelakeremained

peaceful.Thenboatswereoverturnedfornoapparentreason,

andfewoftheiroccupantseverreturnedtotellthestory.

Thiscontinuedforseveralyears.Atthesametime,strong

swimmersdivedintothelakenevertoreappear.

In1833andagainin1846,fishinthelakesuddenlydied.

Inthespringof1850cametheBattleoftheGnats.They

bredinthewaterofthelakeandswarmedovertheland.They

invadedthecountrysideuntiltheharassedinhabitants

calledforhelp.

AndinJuly1951,thesky-bluewatersofthelakevanished

1ikemistbeforeanoondaysun.Whenthebottomwaslaidbare

therewasnotraceofavolcano,thebottomlesspits,orthe

otherdisturbancesoflegendorfact.

Thecopiouswinterrainsof1951152havereplenishedthe

lake.Butwhatmenacedoesitshauntingbeautyholdtoday?

Fortomorrow?

TheoncemightySobobasarefewnow.Buttheoldmenswear

thattheirancestorsstillhauntthelake.Theynodgrizzled

headandmurmurthattheGreatTondo,scursewillforever

remainuponthelake.Onlytime,thewiseandsilentone,

cantell.

51.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofLake

Elsinore?

A.Itisconsideredbylegendtoberichingolb.

B.Itwasoncefamousasabeautifulresort.

C.ItislocatedinavolcaniccraterinCalifornia.

D.Itusedtobethecenterofaminingvillage.

52.ProbablyTondo,sragewasduethefactthat.

A.MorningStarwastooyoungtomarry

B.Tondo,stribeandPalas'stribewereenemies

C.PalomistreatedhisSobobagirlfriend

D.PalasvowedmeetMorningStarinsecret

53.Accordingtotheold-timers,ontwo

occasions.

A.thewaterofthelaketurnedred

B.lakewatersproutedintotheair

C.theGnatsinvadedthecountryside

D.fishinthelakesuddenlydied

54.Theword"jinx”(Line1,Paragraph6)probably

means.

A.spellofbadluckB.hotaircurrent

C.strangetranquilityD.stormofunusualduration

55.Whichcanbeconsideredthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheCurseofTondo.

B.TheBeautifyLakeElsinore.

C.TheMysteriousIndianTribes.

D.TheTragicLoveofMorningStar.

Passage4

ThecrucialyearsoftheDepression,astheyarebrought

intohistoricalfocus,increasinglyemergeasthedecisive

decadeforAmericanart,ifnotforAmericanculturein

general.Foritwasduringthisdecadethatmanyofthe

conflictswhichhadblockedtheprogressofAmericanartin

thepastcametoaheadandsometimesboiledover.Janusfaced,

thethirtieslookbackward,sometimesasfarasthe

Renaissance;andatthesametimeforward,asfarasthe

presentandbeyond.Itwasthemomentwhenartists,like

ThomasHartBenton,whowishedtoturnbacktheclockto

regainthevirtuesofsimplertimescameintodirect

conflictwithothers,likeStuartDavisandFrank