2021-2022学年北京市西城区高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）(不含听力音频)

2021-2022学年北京市西城区高一上学期期末考试英语试卷本试卷共15页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷(共75分)Ⅰ.听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节:(共4小题;每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanneed?A.Eggs.B.Beef.C.Vegetables.2.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Stayinahouse.B.Goiceskating.C.Gosnowboarding.3.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?A.Excited.B.Angry.C.Lucky.4.Whatisthemandoing?A.Offeringinformation.B.Makingarrangements.C.Askingfordirections.第二节:（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5.Howdoesthewomangettoworknow?A.Bysubway.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Workmates.C.Husbandandwife.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Atapark.B.Athome.C.Atschool.8.Whatdidthegirldoafterschool?A.Sherodeherbike.B.Shemadebooks.C.Shewentrunning.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Makesomecookies.B.Cleanupafterward.C.Signupfortheshow.10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whytobeavolunteer.B.Whentohaveatalentcontest.C.Howtohelpwithacharityshow.第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。RulesofaWritingCompetition__11__Yourfavouriteplace;mustbeoutdoors__12__BetweeneightandfifteenNumberof__13__Between200and400PrizeGeta__14__familytickettoLondonZooDeadlineBefore__15__14thⅡ.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。FleanorLoveknowsthatweddingscreatealotofleftoverflowers.Thatmeansmoreopportunitiesforhertocollectafter-weddingbouquets(花束)andgivethemtoherlonelyhospital___1___,manyofwhomdon’toftenhavevisitors,letaloneexpensive___2___.Theflowersarestillingoodshape,andthepatientsarepleasedtohavethem.“Iwasso___3___thatIcried,”saidpatientConnieMelzer,whowasrecoveringfromaheartproblemwhenLovewalkedintoherroomwithabouquetinearly2020.LoveworkedattheVirginiaCommonwealthUniversity“Oneofthe___6___ofbeingamedicalstudentisthatitcanbeverydifficultto___7___tothecareteam,”saidLove.“Youarethereasalearner,whodoesn’thaveasmuchknowledgeasdoctors.Butyouwantto___8___yourpatients.HowcanIatthisstageinmytrainingmakea(n)___9___forthem?”In2019,shestartedTheSimpleSunflowerinRichmond,andsofarhas____10____morethan760bouquetstopatients.Shebroughtfellowstudentsandotherpeopleintoherproject,andnowhasmorethan200____11____ontheemaillist.WhenLovebegantheproject,shecalledbusinessessuchasweddingvenues(场馆)andfloristsandaskedthemwhateventswerescheduled.Shethenreachedouttobridesandgroomstoaskthemiftheyhad____12____fortheirflowersafterthebigday.Foreachwedding,sheorganizedateamofeightpeoplewhohelped____13____theflowerswhenthepartywasoverandthenspenttimecarryingthemtoindividualpatients.PeoplebeyondtheVCUcommunityhaveheardaboutLove’sprojectandbecomepartofit.“Oncethewordgotout,peoplearoundthecitystarted____14____us,”Lovesaid.Shewantedtobringtheprojecttomorecitiesandmaybeopenbranchesatothermedicalschools.“Ifeel____15____whenIseethepatientswhoreceiveourbouquets,”shesaid.“Itremindsmewhywedowhatwedo.”1.A.patients B.cleaners C.doctors D.nurses2.A.cards B.fruits C.flowers D.cakes3.A.tired B.moved C.worried D.bored4.A.art B.law C.engineering D.medical5.A.change B.accept C.improve D.reduce6.A.dreams B.skills C.challenges D.exams7.A.listen B.contribute C.respond D.adapt8.A.help B.check C.study D.guide9.A.difference B.choice C.impression D.decision10.A.divided B.thrown C.delivered D.applied11.A.customers B.volunteers C.managers D.teachers12.A.means B.goals C.efforts D.plans13.A.pickup B.holdup C.makeup D.giveup14.A.greeting B.contacting C.trusting D.considering15.A.stressed B.confident C.relaxed D.satisfied【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D5.D6.C7.B8.A9.A10.C11.B12.D13.A14.B15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个叫FleanorLove的医科学生，开展了一项活动，收集婚礼结束后剩下的鲜花，然后把鲜花送给生病住院的病人的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着她有更多的机会在婚礼后收集花束，并把它们送给她孤独的医院病人，他们中的许多人不经常有访客，更不用说昂贵的鲜花了。A.patients病人；B.cleaners清洁工；C.doctors医生；D.nurses护士。根据语境和后文“andthepatientsarepleasedtohavethem.”可知，是把鲜花送给病人。故选A项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着她有更多的机会在婚后收集花束，并把它们送给她孤零零的医院病人，他们中的许多人不经常有访客，更不用说昂贵的鲜花了。A.cards贺卡；B.fruits水果；C.flowers花朵；D.cakes蛋糕。根据前文“collectafter-weddingbouquets”和后文“Theflowersarestillingoodshape,andthepatientsarepleasedtohavethem.”可知，此处指许多病人得不到鲜花。故选C项。3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感动得哭了。A.tired疲劳的；B.moved感动的；C.worried担忧的；D.bored厌烦的。根据前文“thepatientsarepleasedtohavethem”以及后文“whowasrecoveringfromaheartproblemwhenLovewalkedintoherroomwithabouquetinearly2020”可知，收到鲜花的病人ConnieMelzer感动得哭了。故选B项。【4题详解】考查名（形容）词词义辨析。句意：Love是一名医科学生，在弗吉尼亚联邦大学医院工作。A.art艺术；B.law法律；C.engineering工程，工程学；D.medical医学的。根据前文“workedattheVirginiaCommonwealthUniversityHospital”以及后文“asastudentdoctor”可知，Love是学习医科的学生。故选D项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想知道，除了学习如何作为一名学生医生对待患者外，她还能如何帮助减轻患者的痛苦。A.change改变；B.accept接受；C.improve改善；D.reduce减少。根据常识和语境及后文“thepatients’suffering”可知，作为医护工作者，Love想要帮助减轻患者的痛苦。故选D项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医科学生的挑战之一就是很难为护理团队做出贡献。A.dreams梦想；B.skills技巧；C.challenges挑战；D.exams考试。根据后文“thatitcanbeverydifficultto___7___tothecareteam”可知，此处指“作为一名医科学生所遇到的挑战”。故选C项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医科学生的挑战之一就是很难为护理团队做出贡献。A.listen听；B.contribute贡献；C.respond回应；D.adapt适应。根据语境及后文“Youarethereasalearner,whodoesn’thaveasmuchknowledgeasdoctors.Butyouwantto___8___yourpatients.”可知，作为一名医科学生，也想为护理团队做出贡献，但是知识能力有限。故选B项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是你想帮助你的病人。A.help帮助；B.check检查；C.study学习；D.guide指引。根据前文“Oneofthe___6___ofbeingamedicalstudentisthatitcanbeverydifficultto___7___tothecareteam”以及“Youarethereasalearner,whodoesn’thaveasmuchknowledgeasdoctors.”的分析，结合语境及选项可知，作为一名医科学生，虽然知识能力有限，但是也想帮助病人。故选A项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我训练的这个阶段，我怎样才能为他们有所作为呢？A.difference差异；B.choice选择；C.impression印象；D.decision决定。根据前文“Oneofthe___6___ofbeingamedicalstudentisthatitcanbeverydifficultto___7___tothecareteam”以及“Youarethereasalearner,whodoesn’thaveasmuchknowledgeasdoctors.”的分析，的分析，结合语境可知，作为一名医科学生，Love自知知识能力有限，但是也想帮助病人，因此，她想怎样在这个实习阶段为病人有所作为。故选A项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年，她在里士满创立了“简单向日葵”，迄今为止已为患者送去760多束鲜花。A.divided分开；B.thrown投掷；C.delivered递送；D.applied应用，申请。根据前文“Thatmeansmoreopportunitiesforhertocollectafter-weddingbouquets(花束)andgivethemtoherlonelyhospital___1___”可知，Love组织的这个活动项目是给患者送花。故选C项。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把同学和其他人带到她的项目中，现在电子邮件名单上有200多名志愿者。A.customers顾客；B.volunteers志愿者；C.managers经理；D.teachers教师。根据前文“Shebroughtfellowstudentsandotherpeopleintoherproject”可知，此处指参加这个项目的“志愿者”。故选B项。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，她向新娘和新郎伸出手来，询问他们是否打算在这重要的一天之后送花。A.means方法；B.goals目标；C.efforts努力；D.plans计划，打算。根据前文“shecalledbusinessessuchasweddingvenues(场馆)andfloristsandaskedthemwhateventswerescheduled”，结合选项可知，Love在征求新郎新娘的意见，问他们是否打算把花送出去。故选D项。【13题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：对于每一场婚礼，她都组织了一个由八个人组成的团队，在宴会结束后帮助捡拾鲜花，然后花时间将鲜花送到各个病人手中。A.pickup捡起；B.holdup举起，支撑；C.makeup组成，编造；D.giveup放弃。根据“theflowerswhenthepartywasoverandthenspenttimecarryingthemtoindividualpatients.”可知，Love组织一个团队去收集（捡拾）鲜花。故选A项。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Love说：“消息一传出，城市里的人们就开始联系我们。”。A.greeting问候；B.contacting联系；C.trusting信任；D.considering考虑。根据前文“PeoplebeyondtheVCUcommunityhaveheardaboutLove’sprojectandbecomepartofit.”，结合语境可知，人们开始联系Love她们，并参与进来。故选B项。【15题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我看到收到我们花束的病人时，我感到很满意，”她说。A.stressed紧张的；B.confident自信的；C.relaxed放松的；D.satisfied满意的。根据语境以及前文“Youarethereasalearner,whodoesn’thaveasmuchknowledgeasdoctors.Butyouwantto___8___yourpatients.HowcanIatthisstageinmytrainingmakea(n)___9___forthem?”可知，帮助病人正是Love所想做的，所以看到病人们收到她们送的花时，她感到很满意。故选D项。Ⅲ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A5BestThingstoDoinMyrtleBeach,SCFromfishingtotoursongondolas,thereisahugevarietyofthingstoenjoyhere.Explorethebestofthebest,whetheryouarestayingindowntownMyrtleBeachorNorthMyrtleBeach,thereareplentyofgoodthingstodiscoverduringyourvacation.LiveEntertainmentattheCarolinaOpry:HeadtoBarefootLandingtoenjoysomeamazinglivemusicandfunatoneofthebestMyrtleBeachattractions!TheCarolinaOpryisoneofthemostpopularentertainmentplacesinthearea.OnceknownastheCalvinGilmoreTheater,theCarolinaOpryoffersshowssuchasTimeWarp,Thunder&Light,anditssame-nameCarolinaOpryshow.FamilyKingdomAmusementPark:IfyouarearollercoasteraddictbesuretovisitFamilyKingdomAmusementPark.Thisthrillingadventureparkhasfunforallages,offeringatonofthrillridessuchastheTwist’NShout,Slingshot,andevenwaterridesatitsnearbywaterpark.Allofthisfuntakesplacebythesea,soyougetawesomeviewsalongwithyouradventures.Wonderworks:HeadtoWonderworksforsomeofthebestattractions!Withtheseinteractiveexhibits,guestscanexercisetheirminds.Exploretheworldthroughtheseuniqueexhibitsandlearnaboutnaturaldisasters,space,light,andsound,andtestyourstrengthandyourskillsatthePhysicalChallengeZone.Themuseumalsofeaturesanindoorropescourse,6Dmotionride,andlasertag!MyrtleWavesWaterPark:Enjoyasplashatthisamazingamusementpark!Visitorswillfindalargevarietyofwaterslidesandwaterattractions,fromalazyrivertothrillridesandtubingadventures.Itisagoodwayforfamiliesofallagestoenjoysomewaterfun.TangerOutlet:Thisoutletstoreisapopularplaceforthosewantingtogoshopping.YoucanchooseeithertheTangerOutletsSouthlocationortheTangerOutletsNorthlocation.Nomatterwhichoneyouvisit,you’llfindamazingdealsfromyourfavoritestoreslikeUnderArmour,MichaelKors,andtheDisneyOutlet.16.WhatcanvisitorsdoattheCarolinaOpry?A.Enjoylivemusic. B.Havesomewaterfun.C.Seeinteractiveexhibits. D.Dosomeshopping.17.Inwhichplacecanvisitorsbothexercisetheirmindsandtesttheirstrength?A.FamilyKingdomAmusementPark. B.Wonderworks.C.MyrtleWavesWaterPark. D.TangerOutlet.18.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Torecommendattractions. B.Toadvertiseexhibitions.C.Todescribeadventures. D.Tointroduceshows.【答案】16.A17.B18.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了MyrtleBeach五个有趣的活动。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据LiveEntertainmentattheCarolinaOpry部分中的“HeadtoBarefootLandingtoenjoysomeamazinglivemusic”(到BarefootLanding去欣赏精彩的现场音乐)可知，游客在CarolinaOpry可以欣赏现场音乐，故选A。2.细节理解题。根据Wonderworks部分中的“Withtheseinteractiveexhibits,guestscanexercisetheirminds.Exploretheworldthroughtheseuniqueexhibitsandlearnaboutnaturaldisasters,space,light,andsound,andtestyourstrength”(通过这些互动的展品，游客可以锻炼他们的大脑。通过这些独特的展品来探索世界，了解自然灾害，空间，光线和声音，并测试你的力量)可知，在Wonderworks，游客既可以锻炼他们的大脑，也可以测试他们的力量，故选B。3.目的意图题。通读全文，尤其是标题“5BestThingstoDoinMyrtleBeach,SC”(MyrtleBeach五件最好的事情)和第一段“Fromfishingtotoursongondolas,thereisahugevarietyofthingstoenjoyhere.Explorethebestofthebest,whetheryouarestayingindowntownMyrtleBeachorNorthMyrtleBeach,thereareplentyofgoodthingstodiscoverduringyourvacation.”(从钓鱼到游览平底船，在这里你可以享受各种各样的东西。探索最好中的最好，无论你是住在MyrtleBeach的市中心，还是MyrtleBeach的北部，在你度假的时候，你可以发现这里有很多好东西。可知，文章主要介绍了MyrtleBeach这个地方五个吸引人的活动，所以可以推断出，文章的主要目的是为了推荐给游客一些景点，故选A。BWhentheCOVID-19pandemicforcedthetowninManton,Michigantoshutdown,ScottChittledecidedthatthecommunityneededasafeplacetocometogether,andsomethingtobringsomejoyduringtheboringwintermonths.Andwhatisabetteroutdooractivitytogetpeopleoutsideinthecoldthaniceskating?Inordertomakehisdreamareality,ChittlesearchedtheInternetforvideosonhowtobuildanicerink(溜冰场).Heorderedalarge3,000squarefoottarp(防水帆布)onlineandboughtsomewoodtocreatethewalls.Ittook12firetrucksfromthelocalfiredepartmenttogetenoughwatertofilltheplot.IttookalittletimeasChittlewentdoortodoortoconvincepeopletocomeandseehiscreation,andsoonChittle’sbackyardicerinkbecameaMantonhotspot.ParentsjoinedintohelpChittlebuysecond-handskatesandhockeysticksfortheneighborhoodchildren.Soonenough,thechildrenwereskatingandshooting.“Wekeptseeingmorethingsdonated.Itwasfantasticbecausethewholecommunityjustcametogether.ItwasamazinghoweverybodyworkedtogetherbecauseofScott.”saysneighborAudreyHooker.Skaterswerewelcometocomeatanytime.AndeachSaturdayfrom4p.m.until8p.m.,dozensofchildrenandtheirparentsgatheredattheicerinkforskateparties.Thechildrenwhohadbeenconfinedtotheirhomesforalmostayearlaughedandshoutedwithjoywhileskatingaroundtherink.Parentsgatheredaroundfeelingreliefthattheirchildrenhadfoundapurposeagain.Itbecameaweeklyeventthatneighborscouldlookforwardtoanditofferedaplaceforpeopletoseeeachotherinasociallydistancedway.Butthekindnessdidn’tstopwithChittle.Whenthecommunityheardhowmuchmoneyheusedtomakethisprojecthappen,everyonehelped.Afundraiserbroughtinabout$1,300,andletterssenttoChittle’shomestuffedwithcashbroughtinanadditional$1,500,coveringallofthecostswithmoneytospare.Companiesbegansendingsuppliesfornextyear’sicerinkincludingoutdoorlights,asnowsweepingmachineandshovels.“Thishasbeenacommunitything,”explainsChittle.“It’snotjustme.Iwanttoshowtherestoftheworldwhatalittleeffort,thebestintentions,andcommunitycandonotonlyforothersbutforthesoulsofall.”19.WhydidChittlebuildabackyardicerink?A.Toorganizeskateparties. B.Toshowoffhiscreativity.C.Togetsomemoneyandoutdoorsupplies. D.Toofferasafesocialplaceandsomefun.20.Whatdidtheparentsdotohelpwiththeicerink?A.Filledtheicerinkwithwater. B.RaisedmoneyforChittle.C.Boughtskatesandhockeysticks. D.Convincedpeopletocome.21.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheicerinkisonlyopentochildrenonSaturday.B.Thewholecommunitycontributedtotheicerink.C.Chittlemademuchmoneyafterbuildingtheicerink.D.TheparentsfeltreliefbecauseChittletookcareoftheirchildren.22.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeScottChittle?A.Honestandfriendly. B.Carefulandconfident.C.Humorousandpolite. D.Kindanddevoted.【答案】19.D20.C21.B22.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了疫情期间密歇根州曼顿镇关闭，ScottChittle决定在社区自建溜冰场，并得到各方援助。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“WhentheCOVID-19pandemicforcedthetowninManton,Michigantoshutdown,ScottChittledecidedthatthecommunityneededasafeplacetocometogether,andsomethingtobringsomejoyduringtheboringwintermonths.(当COVID-19大流行迫使密歇根州曼顿镇关闭时，ScottChittle决定，社区需要一个安全的地方来团结起来，并在无聊的冬季几个月里带来一些欢乐。)”可知，Chittle要在后院建一个溜冰场是为了提供一个安全的社交场所和一些乐趣。故选D。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ParentsjoinedintohelpChittlebuysecond-handskatesandhockeysticksfortheneighborhoodchildren.(家长们也加入进来，帮助Chittle为附近的孩子们购买二手溜冰鞋和曲棍球棍。)”可知，父母买了溜冰鞋和曲棍球棍来帮助溜冰场。故选C。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ParentsjoinedintohelpChittlebuysecond-handskatesandhockeysticksfortheneighborhoodchildren.(家长们也加入进来，帮助Chittle为附近的孩子们购买二手溜冰鞋和曲棍球棍。)”、第四段“Itwasfantasticbecausethewholecommunityjustcametogether.(这太棒了，因为整个社区就这样走到了一起。)”和第六段“Whenthecommunityheardhowmuchmoneyheusedtomakethisprojecthappen,everyonehelped.(当社区听说他为这个项目花了多少钱时，每个人都伸出了援助之手。)”可知，整个社区都为溜冰场做了贡献。故选B。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“WhentheCOVID-19pandemicforcedthetowninManton,Michigantoshutdown,ScottChittledecidedthatthecommunityneededasafeplacetocometogether,andsomethingtobringsomejoyduringtheboringwintermonths.(当COVID-19大流行迫使密歇根州曼顿镇关闭时，ScottChittle决定，社区需要一个安全的地方来团结起来，并在无聊的冬季几个月里带来一些欢乐。)”、第六段“Butthekindnessdidn’tstopwithChittle.(但这种善良并没有因为Chittle而停止。)”和最后一段““Thishasbeenacommunitything,”explainsChittle.“It’snotjustme.Iwanttoshowtherestoftheworldwhatalittleeffort,thebestintentions,andcommunitycandonotonlyforothersbutforthesoulsofall.”(“这是一个社区的事情，”Chittle解释道。“不只是我。我想向世界展示，一个小小的努力、良好的意愿和社区不仅可以为他人，也可以为所有人的灵魂。”)”可知，ScottChittle为社区自建溜冰场不懈努力。从而推断ScottChittle善良且乐于奉献。故选D。CHowYourWeeklyShopCouldHelpPreventaMassExtinctionAllaroundtheworld,thewayinwhichweproduce,buyandeatfoodhasneverbeenmoresimilar.Youmaythinkyouhavemorechoicesthanyourparentsorgrandparentseverdid,andononelevelthatistrue.Whereveryouare,youcaneatvariousfoodsallinasingleday.Whatwe’rebeingofferedappearsatfirsttobediverse,untilyourealiseitisthesamekindof“diversity”thatisspreadingaroundtheglobeinthesameway;whattheworldbuysandeatsisbecomingmoreandmorethesame.Ofthe6,000plantspecieshumanshaveeatenovertime,wenowmainlygrowandeatjustnine.What’slesswellknownisthatforeachofthecrops,we’reeatingfromasmallernumberofvarieties.Thousandsofdifferentwheatsexist,butlessthan10makeitontothe“recommendedlist”issuedtoBritishfarmers.It’sasimilarstorywiththemeatweeat.Thisrelativelyrecentphenomenon(现象)ofeatingfromsuchanarrowselectionofplantsandanimalsandjustafewvarietiesofthese,hasresultedinaseriouslossofdiversityinfarmers’fieldsandinourdietsandagreatlossofbiodiversity.Inthe20thcentury,effortsweremadetoproducemorecalories(卡路里)tofeedgrowingpopulations,butinsearchofquantity,wegaveupdiversity.Cropsandfarmanimalsuniquetotheirpartoftheworldbecameendangered;someevenwentextinct(灭绝).Whenafoodislost,werisknotonlylosingaspecialflavour,butalsoawayoflifeandpartofaculture.Wealsolosechoicesforthefuture.Facedwiththegrowingimpactofclimatechangeandextremeweatherevents,wecanaddgreaterresilience(快速恢复能力)toourfoodsystembysavingdiversity.Butastheworldfarmsandeatsinincreasinglysimilarways,morefoodsareatriskofdisappearing.Weallhaveaparttoplayinpreventingthisfromhappening,whereverweareintheworld,anditstartswithwhatweputinourshoppingbaskets.Stillunsurewheretostart?Focusononeofyourfavouritefoodsandstarttoexploreitinallitsdiversity.Whetherthat’schocolate,coffee,cheeseorwine,findasmuchvariationasyoucan,setoffonaflavouradventureandhelpsavesomethingfromextinction.23.Accordingtothepassage,peoplemaybelievethat________.A.ourchoicesoffoodaremorethanthoseofearlygenerationsB.ourwaysoffoodproductionareneversimilartooneanotherC.whatweplantstaysthesamearoundtheworldD.whatweeatisbecomingincreasinglypopular24.HowdoesthewriterprovehisideainParagraph2?A.Byusingdata. B.Bydescribingascene.C.Bytellingastory. D.Bysharingexperiences.25.Accordingtothewriter,whatmightbethecauseofthelossofbiodiversity?A.Climate. B.Business. C.Population. D.Technology.26.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whytostart. B.Wheretoshop. C.Whattoeat. D.Howtohelp.【答案】23.A24.A25.C26.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了我们饮食的多样性严重丧失，越来越多的食物面临消失的危险，以及我们每个人都有责任阻止这种情况的发生，挽救一些濒临灭绝的东西。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Youmaythinkyouhavemorechoicesthanyourparentsorgrandparentseverdid,andononelevelthatistrue.”（你可能认为你比你的父母或祖父母有更多的选择，这在某种程度上是正确的。）可知，人们可能认为我们对食物的选择比早期几代人更多。故选A项。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第二三行“Ofthe6,000plantspecieshumanshaveeatenovertime,wenowmainlygrowandeatjustnine.What’slesswellknownisthatforeachofthecrops,we’reeatingfromasmallernumberofvarieties.Thousandsofdifferentwheatsexist,butlessthan10makeitontothe“recommendedlist”issuedtoBritishfarmers.”（在人类长期食用的6000种植物中，我们现在主要种植和食用9种。不太为人所知的是，对于每种作物，我们吃的是数量较少的品种。存在数千种不同的小麦，但只有不到10种进入发给英国农民的“推荐名单”。）可知，作者是通过使用数据证明自己的观点的。故选A项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Inthe20thcentury,effortsweremadetoproducemorecaloriestofeedgrowingpopulations,butinsearchofquantity,wegaveupdiversity.”（在20世纪，人们努力生产更多的卡路里来养活不断增长的人口，但为了追求数量，我们放弃了多样性。）可知，作者认为，生物多样性丧失的原因可能是人口的增长。故选C项。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Stillunsurewheretostart?Focusononeofyourfavouritefoodsandstarttoexploreitinallitsdiversity.Whetherthat’schocolate,coffee,cheeseorwine,findasmuchvariationasyoucan,setoffonaflavouradventureandhelpsavesomethingfromextinction.”（还不确定从哪里开始？专注于你最喜欢的食物之一，开始探索它的多样性。无论是巧克力、咖啡、奶酪还是葡萄酒，尽可能多地寻找变化，开始一次风味冒险，并帮助挽救一些濒临灭绝的东西。）可知，最后一段主要讲如何帮助挽救一些濒临灭绝的东西。故选D项。DIfthereisoneplaceyoudon’twanttostickyourfinger,it’sthemouthofaPacificlingcod.Thesefearsomefishhavearound500needleliketeethstickingoutofjaws(颌)thatarestrongenoughtocrushcrustaceans(甲壳动物).Howlingcodmaintainthesharpnessoftheirterrifyingteethhaslongbeenapuzzle.Butastudy,publishedinNovemberintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB,claimsthatPacificlingcodkeeptheirteethsharpandshinybyreplacingaboutthreepercentofthemeveryday.Foralingcod,that’supto20teethreplaceddaily.Inordertodeterminethefrequencyatwhichlingcodreplacetheirteeth,Ms.Cohen,acoauthorofthenewstudy,andhercolleagueskept20lingcodattheUniversityofWashington’sFridayHarborLaboratoriesandtrackedhowmanyteeththeylostandregrewoverseveraldays.Thefishwereplacedinatankofseawatermixedwithareddye(染料)thatcoloredtheirteeth,thenreturnedtotheirregulartankfor10days.Whenthe10dayswereup,thefishwereplacedinatankcontainingagreendyeandthenexamined.Theteeththatwerepresentsincethestartoftheexperimentwerebothredandgreen,whereasthenewteethwereonlygreen.Aftercollectingandexaminingatotalof10,000teeth,thescientistswereabletodeterminehowquicklylingcodlostandregrewtheirteethandwhichteethwerereplacedmostoften.Lingcod,likemostfish,havetwosetsofjaws:oraljawsandpharyngealjaws.Theiroraljawsareusedtocatchfoodwhiletheirpharyngealjaws,whicharepositionedintheirthroats,areusedtochewtheirfoodandmoveitfromtheirmouthstothestomach.Ms.Carr,theleadauthor,andcolleaguesfoundthatteetharereplacedmorefrequentlyinthebackofthemouth,wheremostofthechewingandcrushingtakeplace.Thewaylingcodreplacetheirteethislikelycrucialtotheirhuntingstrategy,saysKoryEvans,afishecologistatRiceUniversityinHouston.“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.Sohavingtheabilitytoshedteethandreplacethemisprettyimportant.”Dr.Evanssaid,“Inordertomakeitasalingcod,youneedsharppointyteethandallyourteethneedtobeonpoint.”27.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatroleseawaterplayed. B.Whatconclusionwasreached.C.Howthestudywasconducted. D.Howteethchangedtheircolors.28.Accordingtothepassage,lingcod’steetharereplaced___________.A.every10days B.tobetterhuntforfoodC.fasterintheoraljaw D.withbiggerandsharperones29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shed”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Repair. B.Sharpen. C.Lose. D.Examine.30.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Towarnpeopleofthedangerofafish.B.Tointroducethefindingsofanewstudy.C.Tostresstheimportanceofreplacingteeth.D.Tosuggestnewwaystoconductstudiesonfish.【答案】27.C28.B29.C30.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Inordertodeterminethefrequencyatwhichlingcodreplacetheirteeth,Ms.Cohen,acoauthorofthenewstudy,andhercolleagueskept20lingcodattheUniversityofWashington’sFridayHarborLaboratoriesandtrackedhowmanyteeththeylostandregrewoverseveraldays.Thefishwereplacedinatankofseawatermixedwithareddye(染料)thatcoloredtheirteeth,thenreturnedtotheirregulartankfor10days.Whenthe10dayswereup,thefishwereplacedinatankcontainingagreendyeandthenexamined.Theteeththatwerepresentsincethestartoftheexperimentwerebothredandgreen,whereasthenewteethwereonlygreen.(为了确定鳕鱼换牙的频率，这项新研究的合著者科恩女士和她的同事们在华盛顿大学的周五港实验室保存了20条灵鳕鱼，并跟踪了几天内它们失去和再生的牙齿数量。这些鱼被放置在一个海水中混合了一种红色染料的水箱里，这些染料可以给它们的牙齿上色，然后再回到正常的水箱中10天。10天过后，这些鱼被放置在一个装有绿色染料的容器中，然后进行检测。实验开始后出现的牙齿是红色和绿色的，而新牙齿只有绿色。)”可知，本段陈述研究是如何进行的。故选C。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thewaylingcodreplacetheirteethislikelycrucialtotheirhuntingstrategy,saysKoryEvans,afishecologistatRiceUniversityinHouston.“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.Sohavingtheabilitytoshedteethandreplacethemisprettyimportant.”(休斯顿莱斯大学的鱼类生态学家KoryEvans说，鳕鱼更换牙齿的方式可能对它们的狩猎策略至关重要。“鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。所以拥有牙齿脱落和更换的能力是非常重要的。”)”可知，鳕鱼的牙齿被替换是为了更好地寻找食物。故选B。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词前句“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.(鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。)”和后半句“andreplacethemisprettyimportant.(更换的能力是非常重要的。)”和常识可知，鳕鱼牙齿更换前旧的牙齿会脱落。所以shed为“脱落”之意。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Butastudy,publishedinNovemberintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB,claimsthatPacificlingcodkeeptheirteethsharpandshinybyreplacingaboutthreepercentofthemeveryday.(但是11月发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上的一项研究称，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。所以推断写此篇文章的目的是介绍一项新研究的发现。故选B。第Ⅱ卷（共65分）Ⅰ.选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子,每个单词只能用一次。healthhappyannouncefruittraditionpropersurprise31.Eatingplentyoffreshfruitandvegetableswillhelpyoutostay________.32.Insuchasmalltownitwas________tofindsomanyreallygoodrestaurants.33.Itfillsmyheartwith________toseemywholefamilytogetherfortheNewYear.34.Itisimportanttowarmupandcooldown________beforeandafterrunningsoyoudonothurtyourselves.35.Ihopetohaveahappier,more________andsatisfyinglifeinmynewschool.36.Thestudentslearnedalotabout________Chineseculturethroughtheseactivities.37.Youneedtolistentothe________tofindoutwhoisplayingnext.【答案】31.healthy32.surprising33.happiness