2024年高考英语二轮复习：主旨大意题（阅读理解题解析版）

专题08主旨大意题通关练

主旨大意题解题策略

名校优选专项通关练

【解题策略】

主旨大意题是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类题型时，

不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如关于title和mainidea类题都需要在阅读全文的基础上，结合

文化背景知识、语言知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而发现文中隐含的信息。

从命题形式看:常见的有标题类和主旨大意类。

标题类解题策略

特点：

1.醒目性:充分引发读者的阅读欲望。

2.概括性:准确而又简短。

3.WB：标题外延与文章内容刚好相符。

方法：

1.中心句法:利用主题中心句中的主题词作标题。

2.整合法:将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合后作标题。

文章大意类解题策略

特点：不同体裁文章主题句的常见位置不同，其作用各不相同。

位置：

1.苴段（新闻报道、说明文、议论文）。起到开宗明义，点明主题，使读者一开始就明白文章的内

容及主旨。

2.末段（记叙文、议论文）。起到照应开头、总结全文、升华主题的作用。在最后对全文进行概括

和总结，进一步明确文章的中心思想，使作者的观点表达得更清楚。

3.备段：各段主题句整合即文章大意。借助各个段落的主题句，然后对其进行概括和归纳，从而概

括出文章的主题或中心思想。。

4.高频词:当文章或段落中没有明确的主题句时，可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高频词，即中心词，

也能提炼出文章的主旨大意。

5.线索：记叙文类文章都有一个主线，如，一个有趣的人或一件难忘的事等。全文围绕该主线组织

材料。分析文章的结构，把握文章的主线，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，即可归纳出文章的主

旨大意。

正确选项特征：

1.覆盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。

2.范围不大也不小。

3.精确性强，不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。

错误选项特征：

1.过于笼统，范围过大。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。

3.偷换概念，张冠李戴。

4.无中生有，主观臆断。

【名校优选专项通关练】

1.（2024•浙江杭州•学军中学校考模拟预测）

TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,

byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizen'spatternsofresponsetopolitics.Bygivingcitizens

independentaccesstothecandidates,televisionreducedtheroleofthepoliticalpartyintheselectionofthemajor

partycandidates.Bycenteringpoliticsonthepersonofthecandidate,televisionacceleratedthecitizen'sfocuson

characterratherthanissues.

Televisionhasalteredtheformsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.Themessagesonwhichmostofusrely

arebrieferthantheyoncewere.Thestumpspeech,apoliticalspeechgivenbytravelingpoliticiansandlasting1to

2hours,whichwaspopularinthenineteenth-century,hasgivenwaytothe30-secondadvertisementandthe10

second"soundbite“inbroadcastnews.Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthe

politicianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeashortvideoofthespeechonthenews.

Inthesesimplifiedforms,muchofwhatcomprisedthetraditionalpoliticalspeechofearlierageshasbeen

lost.In15or30seconds,aspeakercannotestablishthehistoricalcontextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannot

detailtheprobablecausesoftheproblem,andcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneispreferable

toothers.Inshortvideos,politiciansassert（断言）butdonotargue.

Becausetelevisionisanintimate（亲密的）medium,speakingthroughitrequiresachangedpoliticalstyle

thatismoreconversational,personal,andvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestumpspeech.Relianceontelevision

meansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorablepicturesratherthanmemorablewords.Schools

teachustoanalyzewordsandprint.However,inaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual,informed

citizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills.

Recognizingthepoweroftelevision'spictures,politicianscrafttelevisual,stagedeventsdesignedtoattract

mediacoverage.Muchofthepoliticalactivityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,their

speechwriters,andtheirpublicrelationsadvisersfortelevisedconsumption.Soundbitesinnewsandanswersto

questionsindebatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.

Whafsthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Television:anAgentofChangeinPolitics

B.Television:aPlatformforPoliticalDebate

C.Television:anAlternativetoStumpSpeech

D.Television:aNewMediumforCommunication

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesby

changingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizen's

patternsofresponsetopolitics.（电视改变了信息传播的方式，改变了政治运动，改变了公民对政治的反应模

式，从而改变了美国的政治）''可知，文章主要说明了电视改变了政治的传播以及交流形式。如今的政治演

讲比过去更像广告。A选项“电视：政治变革的推动者”最符合文章标题。故选A。

2.（2024•浙江嘉兴•海宁市高级中学校考模拟预测）

July2023wastheworld'swarmestmonthonrecord,accordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization.

UNSecretary-GeneralAntonioGuterressaidinaspeechthattheplanetisenteringan"eraofglobalboiling^^.

Howtocooltheplanethaslongbeenatroublingquestionforscientists.Theyarenowturningtosun-blocking

technology,whichreferstoreflectingsunlightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureofthe

planefsclimate.

AccordingtoEuronews,aEuropeantelevisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvolvespumpingsun-blocking

particles（粒子）intotheupperatmosphere.Theparticleswillthenstayintheairandredirectsunshineback

upwards.ItislikeapplyingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearchersatYaleUniversity,US,outlinedaplan

touse125high-flyingplanestospreadtheparticlesatlatitudes（纬度）of60degreesnorthandsouth.The

particleswillthentraveltowardthepoles,whichcouldpossiblycoolthetemperaturethereby2℃.

Anotherverypromisingtechniqueiscalled“cloudbrightening”,accordingtoChrisSacca,aUSclimate

expert.Thismethodinvolvessendingseasaltparticlesintocloudsabovethesea,makingthemwhiterandthus

theyreflectmoresunlightbackintospace.

InJune,theUSgovernmentannouncedinareportthatitwasofferingsupportforsolarengineeringresearch

asawaytoslowtheriseofglobaltemperatures.Accordingtothereport,theUSgovernmentbelievesthatthe

technology"offersthepossibilityofcoolingtheplanetsignificantlyinafewyears”.

However,followingthereport,anopenletterbymorethan60scientistscalledforcautionandmoreresearch

first.KristenRasmussen,aclimatescientistatColoradoStateUniversity,US,hasbeenstudyinghowthese

sun-blockingmethodswillaffectrainfallpatterns.Shesaidthatapartfromrainfall,ecosystemsandevenhuman

communitieswouldalsobeaffected."Weneedtobeverycautiousonthis,^^RasmussentoldScientificAmerican.

Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CoolingOurPlanetB.EraofGlobalBoiling

C.PumpingBlockingParticlesD.TheTechniqueofCloudBrightening

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段"Howtocooltheplanethaslongbeenatroublingquestionfor

scientists.Theyarenowturningtosun-blockingtechnology,whichreferstoreflectingsunlightbackintospacein

ordertokeepdownthetemperatureoftheplanefsclimate.（如何给地球降温一直是困扰科学家的一个问题。他

们现在转向了太阳阻挡技术，这是指将阳光反射回太空，以降低地球气候的温度）”可知，文章主要介绍了

应对全球变暖的方法——使用这样技术，即将太阳光反射回太空以降低地球气候的温度。A选项“给地球

降温”最符合文章标题。故选A。

3.（2023•江苏无锡•高三无锡市第一中学校考）

“Twelveyearsago,Iwasaprofessionaldancerandblackbeltintaekwondo（跆拳道）whenadiseasewent

undiagnosedandwipedoutmymuscularsystem.Ifinallyendeduponlifesupportinintensivecarewithorgan

failure.Kaufmanrecalled,“IwentfromlivingthisbiglifetonotknowinghowIwasgoingtosurvive.

Fortunately,onmybirthdayin2009,1receivedanewheartandwasgivenasecondchanceatlife!^^

AftervolunteeringinLosAngeleshospitals,Kaufmanstartedthenon-profit,Ava'sHeart.Sheandher

organizationofferedtransplantpatientsservicesthatwereoftennotcoveredbyinsurance,includingfood,gas,

co-paysonmedicines,andhousing.

“WhatIfoundoutwasthatifyoudidn'thavepost-transplant-housing,youcouldn'tgetlistedandadmitted

intothehospital,“Kaufmansaid.Sheleanedthatforthenearly110,000peopleintheUSwaitingforalifesaving

organtransplant,itwasnotjustamatterofaddingyournametothelist.Patientsmustbefinanciallysecureandbe

abletoaffordtransportation.Whafsmore,theymustfindaccommodationsneartheirtransplanthospital:

Kaufmanrunstwohousinglocations,whichallowsthepatientstoremainclosetotheirtransplanthospitalduring

theperiodoftheiraftercare,typicallyaboutthreemonthsatnocost.

Herorganizationalsohelpsdonorfamilies,whichshethinksmakesthewholecirclecomplete.t6Oneorgan

donorcansaveeightlivesandthenthere'stissueandskinandeyesandbloodvessels（血管）andsomanyother

things,Kaufmansaid."Thedonoristhewholestory.Withoutthedonor,therearenotransplantcenters,no

transplantsurgeons,nome.Inmyeyes,thedonorsaretheheroes.9,

Todate,Ava'sHearthashelpednearly90familieswithburialcostsfortheirlovedoneswhoseorganshave

savedcountlesslives.Kaufmanalsoworkscloselywiththosewhoreceivedonationstobuildrelationshipswith

donorfamiliesandspreadawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation.

Whatmessagedoesthetextmainlyconvey?

A.Ifsbettertogivethantoreceive.

B.Theblessedbeartheheartofgiving.

C.Healthmattersmuchmorethanwealth.

D.Volunteeringmakestheworldabetterplace.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。由尾段“Todate,Ava'sHearthashelpednearly90familieswithburialcostsfortheirloved

oneswhoseorganshavesavedcountlesslives.Kaufmanalsoworkscloselywiththosewhoreceivedonationsto

buildrelationshipswithdonorfamiliesandspreadawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation."（迄今为止,

Ava5sHeart已经帮助了近90个家庭，为他们的亲人支付了丧葬费用，他们的器官挽救了无数生命。考夫

曼还与接受捐赠的人密切合作，与捐赠者家庭建立关系，并传播对器官捐赠重要性的认识。）并联系全文

可知，Kaufman有爱心、懂得感恩，她获得保佑，获得了别人捐赠的器官而重获新生，所以本文的中心思

想是“懂得奉献的人会被保佑”。故选B项。

4.（2024•江苏徐州•高三徐州市第七中学阶段练习）

Intheanimalkingdom,mimics（模仿）arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillars

resemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussoofthe

UniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Some

bats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.

Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsome

bees.Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.

Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,with

protectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.

Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees'andbats'buzzingwere,indeed,similar.

Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranches

forthemtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,

afterthebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramount

ofinsectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveral

non-buzzingsoundsmadebybats.

Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswere

unequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakers

astheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.

Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawaya

predator.Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzing

noiseswhentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditory

mimicryisfarmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.

16.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AnimalMimicry:Buzzoff

B.Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwls

C.ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimals

D.ANewTricktoScareAwayOwls

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareaway

owlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.（他认为，有些蝙蝠会模仿愤怒的蜜蜂，以吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰

以及最后一段中“Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryisfarmore

widespreadthancurrentlyrealized.（根据实验结果，他因此预测听觉模仿比目前认识到的要广泛得多。）”可

知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的敌人。A项“动物

模仿：（敌人）滚开”符合主题，故选A项。

5.（2024上•江苏扬州•高三扬州中学校考阶段练习）

Hibernation

Butspeciesdon'tstayintheircold,sleepingstateforthedurationoftheirdormantperiod.About80percent

oftheirenergyisspentintermittently（|间歇地）wakingandwarmingup.Whytheydothisis“oneofthegreatest

mysteries^^ofthefield,saysThomasRu£aprofessorofanimalphysiologyattheUniversityofVeterinary

MedicineinVienna.Somethinktheyneedtoturnbackontheirimmunesystemstofightdisease,whileothers

thinktheymaysimplyawakensotheycansleep.

Onebirdandavarietyofamphibians（两栖动物），reptilesandinsectsalsoexhibithibernation-likestates.

Thereisevenatleastonefish-theAntarcticcod-thatslowsdownitsmetabolisminwinter,becoming20

timeslessactive.And,ofcourse,therearelotsofmammals.Whilebearsmightbethefirstthatcometomind,

mostmammalianhibematorsareonthesmallerside."Theaveragehibematorweighsonly70grams,,,saysRuf.

Thafsbecauselittlebodieshavehighsurfaceareatovolumeratios,makingitmoretaxingforthemtostaywarm

incoldweather-sotheyneedtheseasonalenergysavingsmorethanlargeranimals.

Thelastparagraphmainlydiscusses.

A.whencertainanimalshibernateB.whatkindsofanimalshibernate

C.whysomeanimalshibernateD.howanimalshibernate

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容，特别是根据“Onebirdandavarietyofamphibians（两栖动物），

reptilesandinsectsalsoexhibithibernation-likestates.Thereisevenatleastonefish——theAntarcticcod——that

slowsdownitsmetabolisminwinter,becoming20timeslessactive.And,ofcourse,therearelotsofmammals.9,

可知，有的鸟、鱼、各种两栖动物、爬行动物、昆虫以及很多哺乳动物都会进入冬眠状态，因此本段主要

讲的是哪些动物需要冬眠，故B项正确。

6.（2024上•湖南长沙•高三长郡中学校考期末）

Wanttoknowwhatiscomingsoontoacinemanearyou?Probablynota1.5-hour-longmovie,asintheold

days.OnOctober20thcomesKillersoftheFlowerMoon.Atnearlythreeandahalfhours,itslengthisnearly

doublethatoftheaveragefilmlastyear.Evenmoviefansstruggletoconcentrateforthatlongandsomeviewers

evennodoff.Afterwardsthereisamaddashforthetoilets.Whendoeswatchingafilmbecomesuchaslog?

TheEconomistanalyzedover100,000featurefilmsreleasedinternationallysincethe1930s,thestartof

Hollywood'sgoldenage,usingdatafromIMDb,amoviedatabase.Theaveragelengthofproductionsroseby

around24%,fromonehourand21minutesinthe1930stoonehourand47minutesin2022.Fortheten

most-populartitles,theaveragelengthgrewtoaroundtwoandahalfhoursin2022,nearly50%higherthaninthe

1930s.

Onedriverofthistrendisthatstudioswanttosqueezethemostoutoftheircostlyintellectualproperty（知识

产权），buttheyarecompetingwithstreamingplatformsforeyeballs.Thehopeisthataspectacular,drawn-out

“event“moviewilldrawaudiencesawayfromthesmallscreenandintocinemas.Thisapproachhasoftenpaidoff:

Avengers:EndgameMarveFsthree-hoursuperheromasterpieces,wasthehighest-grossing（票房最高的）filmin

2019.Lastyearlongmoviesseriesmadeupmostofthehighest-grossingfilmsinAmerica.

Anotherexplanationforlongerfilmshastodowithdirectors5growinginfluence.Whowoulddaretellthe

likesofMr.Nolantocutouthismasterpieces?Moreover,streamingplatforms,whichdonothavetoworryas

muchaboutthelengthbecauseviewerscanpausewhenevertheylike,mayattractbignamesbypromisingthem

sufficientfundandcreativefreedom.Netflixfundedandreleasedthree-hourTheIrishmanin2019,afilmthat

wouldhavebenefitedfromadecisiveeditor,Irishorotherwise.

Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?

A.MovieEnthusiastsB.MovieMarathons

C.MovieProductionD.MovieInfluence

【答案】B

［解析］主旨大意题。根据第——段"Wanttoknowwhatiscomingsoontoacinemanearyou?Probablynota

1.5-hour-longmovie,asintheolddays.OnOctober20thcomesKillersoftheFlowerMoon.Atnearlythreeanda

halfhours,itslengthisnearlydoublethatoftheaveragefilmlastyear.Evenmoviefansstruggletoconcentrate

forthatlongandsomeviewersevennodoff.Afterwardsthereisamaddashforthetoilets.Whendoeswatching

afilmbecomesuchaslog?（想知道你附近的电影院即将上映什么电影吗?可能不会像过去那样是一部1.5

小时长的电影。10月20日上映的《花月杀手》。该片时长近三个半小时，几乎是去年平均时长的两倍。即

使是影迷也很难在这么长时间内集中注意力，一些观众甚至会打盹。之后，人们疯狂地冲向厕所。什么时

候看电影变成了一件苦差事？）”及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了电影的时长变得越来越长这一现象，并

分析了出现这种现象的原因。由此可知，B项“MovieMarathons（电影马拉松）”适合作本文最佳标题。故选

B项。

7.（2023•湖南•高三湖南师大附中校考）

BenFrancisdidn'tbecomewealthythroughafamilyinheritance（遗产）.Instead,theCEOandco-founderof

GymsharkusedhisearningsasaPizzaHutdeliveryguytobuyasewingmachineandstarthisfitnessapparel

companyat19.

Elevenyearslater,hisadolescentstrategyliterallypaidoff.Francis,30,whohasareportednetworthof$1.3

billion,joinedForbes'billionaireslist.He'sinrarecompany:Thelisfsaverageageis65yearsold.

Originally,Francisandco-founderLewisMorganlaunchedGymsharkasawebsitesellingfitness

supplements.Butaftergettingfedupwithhisill-fittingclothes,Francissuggestedpivotingthecompany.

FrancisandMorganboughtasewingmachine.ThepairbroughtGymsharktoabodybuildingexhibitionin

2013.butdidn'thaveanymoneytospendonadvertising.Onawhim（一时兴起），theydecidedtogivepopular

fitnessYouTubersfreeproducts.t6MyheroeswereonYouTube.4<Francissaid."Soitwouldbesocoolifmy

heroescouldcometobewithGymsharkatthisevent.Ididn'treallythinkthatmuchaboutit."Someofthose

influencerswentontoweartheapparelontheirchannels,launchingGymshark'sIsalesto$1,000perday,up

fromjust$450.

FranosquittheCEOrolein2017."CEOwasnottherightroleformewhenIwasinmyearly20.“Francis

said."ThatI'dstartedabusinessthathadgrownveryquicklydidn'tmeanIwasthemostcompetentchief

executive.aaHespentthenextfouryearssupportingleadershiproleswithinGymshark-includingchiefproduct

officerandchiefmarketingofficer-tolearnmoreabouttheinsandoutsofthebusiness,before,returningas

CEOin2021.

Thatyear,thecompanywasvaluedat1.45billion.Still,thecompany'sbillion-dollarvaluationisasmall

percentageofthemarketvalueofcompetitorslikeNikeandLululemon.6<IreallythinkGymsharkcanbetheU.

K/sanswertothosebrands/9Francissaid."ButthafsnotsayingthattheU.K.iswhereitstartsandendsforus.

Wealsowanttobeatrulyglobalbrand.

Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Gymshark:Fromawebsitetoabigcompany

B.Francis:FromaPizzaHutdeliveryguytoabillionaire

C.Francis:StartingtheU.K/sfastest-growingcompany

D.Gymshark:Takingtheleadinfitnessclothing

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了BenFrancis从必胜客外卖小哥到亿万富翁、打造运动网红品牌Gym

shark的历程，文章第一段讲到"BenFrancisdidn'tbecomewealthythroughafamilyinheritance（遗产）.Instead,

theCEOandco-founderofGymsharkusedhisearningsasaPizzaHutdeliveryguytobuyasewingmachineand

starthisfitnessapparelcompanyat19.（本・弗朗西斯并不是通过家族遗产致富的。相反，Gymshark的首席执

行官兼联合创始人在19岁时用必胜客外卖员的收入买了一台缝纫机，创办了他的健身服装公司。户可知，

本文的最佳标题是“弗朗西斯：从必胜客外卖员到亿万富翁”。故选B。

8.（2024上•湖南衡阳•高三衡阳市八中校考期末）

AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia（UBC）andtheUniversityofVictoriahas

shownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.

“Formanydecades,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheharmfuleffectsofairpollution,

saidseniorstudyauthorDr.ChrisCarlsten.t4Thisstudy,whichisthefirstofitskindintheworld,providesfresh

evidencesupportingaconnectionbetweenairpollutionandcognition.

Forthestudy,theresearchersbrieflyexposed25healthyadultstodieselexhaust（柴油废气）andfilteredair

atdifferenttimesinalaboratorysetting.Brainactivitywasmeasuredbeforeandaftereachexposureusing

functionalmagneticresonanceimaging（fMRI）.

Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain'sdefaultmodenetwork（DMN）,asetofinter-connectedbrain

regionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshad

decreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,compared

tofilteredair.

“WeknowthatalteredfunctionalconnectivityintheDMNhasbeenassociatedwithreducedcognitive

performanceandsymptomsofdepression,soifsconcerningtoseetrafficpollutioninterruptingthesesame

networks,saidDr.JodieGawryluk,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofVictoriaandthestudy'sfirst

author."'Whilemoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthefunctionalimpactsofthesechanges,it'spossible

thattheymayimpair（损害）people'sthinkingorabilitytowork.”

Notably,thechangesinthebrainweretemporaryandparticipants5connectivityreturnedtonormalafterthe

exposure.Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthat

peopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey'rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposureto

potentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ARoleOfBrainWillBeRuined

B.TrafficPollutionMayImpairBrainFunction

C.AFamousUKUniversityDidAVitalStudy

D.ASourceOfPollutionHasDrawnPeople'sAttention

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritish

Columbia（UBC）andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamage

humanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.（英属哥伦比亚大学（UBC）和维多利亚大学的研究人员进行的

一项新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。）”可知，文章主要介绍了

一项新研究，该研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。故选B。

9.（2023•湖北荆州•高三湖北省松滋市第一中学校考）

Mosthealthexpertswouldagreethateatingmeat——especiallyredmeat——inlargequantitiesisn'tgoodfor

us,ortheplanet.Studiespointtoanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandcancercorrelatingtoourmeat-heavydiets.

Meanwhile,manufacturersarebusyproducingincreasinglytastyandmoremeat-likeproductsthatmatchthereal

things——makingtheswitchfromeatinganimalsseemlikeano-brainer.Butarethesefakemeatproductsany

healthierforus?

JinanBanna,adietitianandnutritionprofessorattheUniversityofHawaiisaysthatsomefakemeatproducts

canbeconsidered"ultra-processed“foods."Thatmeanstheygothroughmultipleprocessesandhavealotof

addedingredients（配料）Jshesaid."Analternativeburger,forexample,mighthavequiteabitofsodium（钠），as

wellasadditives.^^Someoftheseadditivesareonthemarketforawhilebeforethescientificcommunity

determinesthemtobeharmful,Bannaadded."Anytimeyouseealonglistofingredients,including"natural

flavors9,takeitasawarningsign.Inotherwords,eschewproductswithlengthyingredientlists,“saidSofiaPopov,

amicrobiomescientistinCopenhagen.4tWhoknowswhafsactuallyinit?”

Perhapsconvenienceisthebestargumentforbuyinganalternativemeatproductyoucansimplycook

straightoutofthebox,butsomehealthexpertssuggestotherplant-basedhealthfuloptionscanbesimple,too.For

example,onabusyday,Bannasaidshewasabletothrowtogetheratempeh（atraditionalsoyaproduct）dish

whichsheputinalittleoil,vinegarandotherseasonings.t4Wedefinitelyobtainnutrientsfromanimal-basedfood

一ironandzincandothermineralsaswell.Butitalsocontainsfatandcholesterol,soifsgoodtocontrolour

intake,saidBanna."'Vegetariansubstitutescanbeverytastysoweshouldn'tshyawayfromthem.^^

Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhyIsPlant-basedMeatDying?B.AreFakeMeatProductsGoodForYou?

C.FakeMeat:Food'sFutureOrAFashion?D.WhatHappenedToThePlant-basedMeat?

【答案】B

［解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段"Mosthealthexpertswouldagreethateatingmeat一especiallyredmeat一in

largequantitiesisn'tgoodforus,ortheplanet.Studiespointtoanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandcancer

correlatingtoourmeat-heavydiets.Meanwhile,manufacturersarebusyproducingincreasinglytastyandmore

meat-likeproductsthatmatchtherealthings——makingtheswitchfromeatinganimalsseemlikeano-brainer.

Butarethesefakemeatproductsanyhealthierforus?（大多数健康专家都会同意，大量吃肉---尤其是红肉

—对我们和地球都没有好处。研究指出，患心脏病和癌症的风险增加与我们偏重肉类的饮食有关。与此

同时，制造商们正忙着生产越来越美味的、更像肉类的产品，这些产品与真正的东西相匹配，这使得从食

用动物转变成一种不需要思考的事情。但是这些假肉制品真的对我们更健康吗？户结合文章主要说明了专

家指出一些假肉制品可以被认为是“超加工”食品，这种食物对人体有害。由此可知，B选项“假肉制品对你

有好处吗？”符合文章标题。故选B。

10.（2023•湖北荆州•高三沙市中学校考阶段练习）

AresearchteamledbyprofessorPhilipWaltherfromtheUniversityofViennahasshownhowthequantum

propertiesoflightcanensuresecurityfordigitalpayments.Inanexperiment,theresearchersdemonstratedthat

eachtradecannotbecopied.Theyreplacedclassicalcrystallographictechniqueswithaquantumprotocol（协议）

usingsinglephotons,aunitofenergy.Duringthecourseofaclassicaldigitalpaymenttrade,theclientsharesa

classicalcodecalledcryptogramwithhispaymentprovider.Thiscryptogramisthenpassedonbetweenthe

customer,businessmen,andpaymentprovider.Inthedemonstratedquantumprotocolthiscryptogramisgenerated

byhavingthepaymentprovidersendingparticularlypreparedsinglephotonstotheclient.

WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Howquantum-digitalpaymentworks.B.Howdigitalpaymentprovessafer.

C.Whysinglephotonsarenecessary.D.Whatisimportantforonlinetrade