2025届十五校教育集团鄂豫皖五十三校高三上学期8月联考英语试题（解析版）

十五校教育集团·鄂豫皖五十三校2025届8月联考英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置.2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时，用黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内.写在本试卷上无效.3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatprogramsdoesthewomanprefer?A.Talkshows.B.Sportsprograms.C.Cookingprograms.2.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Havedinner.B.Pickupagift.C.Lookatapieceofjewelry.3.Whatdoesthemanusuallytakewithhimonvacation?A.Asuitcase.B.AbackpackC.Asportsbag.4.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Excited.B.Confused.C.Nervous.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Apost.B.Acandidate.C.Acollege.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatshouldthewomandofirst?A.Seeherfamilydoctor.B.Makeanappointment.C.Getanumberticket.7.Whatisthemanmostprobably?A.Areceptionist.B.Apatient.C.Adoctor.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atarestaurant.B.Atthetrainstation.C.Atabusstop.9.Whenwilltheman’ssisterarrive?A.At4:10.B.At4:20.C.At4:30.10.HowoftendoestheNo.1busrun?A.Every5minutes.B.Every10minutes.C.Every15minutes.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whydoesthewomaninvitethemantothebeach?A.Torelax.B.Toseeawhale.C.Tocollectsomeplastic.12.Whowilldealwiththegarbage?A.Thecommunity.B.Thegovernment.C.Arecyclingcompany.13.Whatisthewomanlike?A.Lazy.B.Emotional.C.Responsible.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whichisthewoman’sfavoritehobby?A.Doingexercise.B.Collectingrecipes.C.Writingathome.15.Whydoesthewomansuggestcooking?A.Itisgoodtodoalone.B.Itisacreativehobby.C.Ithelpsavoidgoingtorestaurants.16.Whatdoesthemanprobablythinkofcooking?A.It’shardtolearn.B.It’shealthytocookhisownfood.C.It’safunthingtodowithhisfamily.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthepurposeofthisactivity?A.Toofferthelocalsleisuretime.B.Totrainmorevolunteers.C.Topromoteruraltravel.18.Whatisprovidedintheactivity?A.Tools.B.Supper.C.Trainers.19.Whatwillhelppeoplefindthesite?A.Experts’direction.B.Arrowsigns.C.Thebrochure.20.Whatarenecessaryforpeoplethatarewatching?A.Walkingboots.B.Warmclothes.C.Gardeninggloves.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AExplore,LearnandMakeFriends—LocallyandGlobally!Areyoureadyforasummercampthat’sfunandengagingandoffersavarietyofclasses?Youcandance,makemusic,actonstageandbringanartisticvisiontolife,diveintoMarineBiology,designarobotorbuildanarchitecturalmodel.Itisallpossiblethissummer.Youcanlookforwardto:·Creatingyourownschedulefromawidevarietyofclasses·Beingpartofacultureofbelongingandpossibility·Makingconnectionswithcampersfromaroundtheworld·Refuelingyourbodyandmindwithtastyeco-friendlylunchesVisitBeautifulSeattleDuringtheSummer!EnjoythenaturalbeautyoftheSeattleregionandhavefunintegratingwithcampersfromSeattleduringtheday.It’sagreatwaytoimproveyourEnglishwhilemakingnewfriendsandlearningnewthings.2024Tuition&FeesperSession(LunchIncluded)·Halfday:$600·Fullday:$1075·Fullday+boarding:$2600RegistrationRegistrationbeginsFebruary12,2024onafirst-come,first-servedbasis.A$100,nonrefundabledeposit,persession,percamper,holdsyourregistration.FullpaymentisdueJune1,2023.PaymentcanbemadeviaCreditCard,BankTransferorMoneyOrder.Clickhereformoredetailedinformation.1.Whatisnotthefeatureofthesummercamp?A.Choosetostudyanthropologyinsummercamp.B.Improvecross-culturalcommunicationskills.C.Improveaestheticabilityandengineeringliteracy.D.Enjoydeliciousandenvironmentally-friendlyfood.2.Howmuchdotwofull-daycamperswithoutboardinghavetopay?A.$1,075 B.$1,200 C.$2,150 D.$2,3503.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.CamperscanadmirethesceneryandcultureofvariousregionsoftheUS.B.Summercampregistrationhasafixedpaymentmethod.C.Readerscouldfindthetextinatravelandvacationmagazine.D.Campershaveaccesstoaculturalpowerofpossibility.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2024年夏季西雅图夏令营的特色、课程、费用以及注册信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Youcandance,makemusic,actonstageandbringanartisticvisiontolife,diveintoMarineBiology,designarobotorbuildanarchitecturalmodel.”（你可以跳舞、制作音乐、在舞台上表演，将艺术愿景变为现实，深入探索海洋生物学，设计机器人或建造建筑模型。）可知，夏令营提供了各种课程，如艺术、海洋生物学、机器人设计和建筑模型等，但没有提到人类学，所以A选项“在夏令营选择学习人类学”不属于夏令营的特征。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“2024Tuition&FeesperSession(LunchIncluded)”部分中“Fullday:$1075”（全天：1075美元）可知，两个不寄宿的全天营员需要支付的费用是2150美元（1075*2）。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Youcanlookforwardto:部分中“Beingpartofacultureofbelongingandpossibility”（成为归属感和可能性文化的一部分）可知，夏令营营员可以成为可能性文化的一部分，所以能感受到可能性文化的力量。故选D。BAlekseyVasilievisaphotographerbasedintheremoteRussianregionofYakutiaafreezingplacewheretemperaturescangetaslowas-58degreesFahrenheit(-50degreesCelsius).HeisknownforcapturingthedailylivesofYakutians,andhisphotosarebothfascinatingandalittleeerie.Inarecentinterviewwithus,thephotographeradmittedthatheusedtobeanalcoholicinthepast,andwhenhefinallydecidedtostopdrinking,heneededsomethingtofillthevoidthatquittingleft.That’swhenhegotintophotography.Alekseysaysthathe’sinspiredbyYakutia,eventhoughheusedtodreamoftravelingtheworld.“Yakutiaseemedtomelikeahole,anicydesert”saidthephotographer.Until2018,photographywasnothingmorethanahobbyforAleksey.ButthenhewonagrantandwentontostudydocumentaryphotographyattheDocDocDocphotographyschoolinSt.Petersburg.ThephotographerexplainedthatYakutiahaslongandfreezingwinters,wherethetemperaturescandropallthewaydownto-50oreven-60degreesCelsius(-58Fahrenheitto-76Fahrenheit).“Thiswinterwasreallycold,sowehadtolivein-60Celsiusforawhile,”saidAleksey.“Ifitwerenotforthedailyneedtogoout,peoplewouldprefertostayathomeallthetime,drinkhotteaandwaitforspring.Inwinter,lifepracticallystops,adensefogduringseverefrostsobscuresthesunlightforseveralweeksormonths.”However,evendespitethat,AlekseywelcomespeopletovisitYakutia:“Youwillneverforgetthistripinyourlife.Ipromiseyou.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“void”inparagraph2referto?A.Gap. B.Form. C.Emptiness. D.Anger.5.WhatdoweknowaboutAlekseyVasiliev?A.HehasbeenanalcoholicinRussianregionofYakutia.B.HetravelledtoanicydesertnamedYakutia.C.Hebegantotakephotographyasahobbyin2018.D.HetookupphotographythankstotheinspirationfromYakutia.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutYakutia?A.Peopletheretendtostayathomeunlesstheywantdailynecessities.B.Thetemperaturerangesfrom-50Fahrenheitto-60Fahrenheit.C.Thelifethererunssmoothlyallyearround.DThesunlighttimeinwinterremainslong.7.WhatwordscanbestdescribeAlekseyVasiliev?A.Meanandalcoholic. B.Braveandenthusiastic.C.Honestandmodest. D.Kindandemotional.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了俄罗斯雅库特地区摄影师AlekseyVasiliev的故事。他通过摄影记录雅库特人的日常生活，尽管该地区气候寒冷，但他仍鼓励人们参观雅库特。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“heusedtobeanalcoholicinthepast,andwhenhefinallydecidedtostopdrinking,heneededsomethingtofillthe…thatquittingleft.(他过去是个酒鬼，当他最终决定戒酒时，他需要一些东西来填补戒酒留下的……)”可知，当他最终决定戒酒时，他需要一些东西来填补戒酒留下的空虚。所以“void”在这里指的是“空虚”。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Alekseysaysthathe’sinspiredbyYakutia,eventhoughheusedtodreamoftravelingtheworld.(Aleksey表示他是受到雅库特的启发，尽管他曾经梦想环游世界)”可知，他是受到雅库特的启发而开始摄影的。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Ifitwerenotforthedailyneedtogoout,peoplewouldprefertostayathomeallthetime,drinkhotteaandwaitforspring.(如果不是因为每天需要出门，人们宁愿一直待在家里，喝热茶，等待春天)”可知，除非他们需要日常必需品，否则那里的人们倾向于待在家里。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Alekseysaysthathe’sinspiredbyYakutia,eventhoughheusedtodreamoftravelingtheworld.(阿列克谢说，尽管他曾经梦想着环游世界，但他受到了雅库特的启发)”可知，尽管Aleksey曾经认为Yakutia是一个“冰冷的沙漠”，但他仍然从中找到了灵感，并专注于拍摄这个地方，这体现了他对摄影的热情；根据最后一段中的“However,evendespitethat,AlekseywelcomespeopletovisitYakutia:“Youwillneverforgetthistripinyourlife.Ipromiseyou”(然而，即便如此，阿列克谢还是欢迎人们来雅库特访问：“我保证，你一生中永远不会忘记这次旅行。”)”可知，尽管雅库特地区气候寒冷，但Aleksey仍然欢迎人们参观雅库特，他克服了个人挑战并且找到了新的生活方向，这体现了他的勇气。故选B项。CIt’soneofHollywood’sfavoritebitsofpseudoscience(伪科学):humanbeingsuseonly10percentoftheirbrain,andawakeningtheremaining90percent—supposedlydormant—allowsotherwiseordinaryhumanbeingstodisplayextraordinarymentalabilities.Howdoweknow?Foronething,ifweneededonly10percentofourbrain,themajorityofbraininjurieswouldhavenodiscernible(明显的)consequences,sincethedamagewouldaffectpartsofthebrainthatweren’tdoinganythingtobeginwith.Wealsoknowthatnaturalselectiondiscouragesthedevelopmentofuselessstructures:earlyhumanswhodevotedscarcephysicalresourcestogrowingandmaintaininghugeamountsofexcessbraintissuewouldhavebeenoutcompetedbythosewhospentthosepreciousresourcesonthingsmorenecessaryforsurvivalandreproductivesuccess.Tougherimmunesystems,strongermuscles,betterlookinghair—justaboutanythingwouldbemoreusefulthanhavingaheadfulloflazytissue.We’vebeenabletobackuptheselogicalconclusionswithhardevidence.Imagingtechniquesallowdoctorsandscientiststomapbrainactivityinrealtime.Thedataclearlyshowsthatlargeareasofthebrain—farmorethan10percent—areusedforallsortsofactivity,easyorcomplex.Scientistshaveyettofindanareaofthebrainthatdoesn’tdoanything.Sohowdidwecometobelievethat90percentofourbrainisuseless?Themyth(错误看法)isoftenincorrectlyattributedto19th-centurypsychologistWilliamJames,whoproposedthatmostofourmentalpotentialgoesuntapped.Butheneverspecifiedapercentage.Inreality,theconceptmostlikelycamefromtheAmericanself-helpindustry.OneoftheearliestmentionsappearsintheprefacetoDaleCarnegie’s1936megabestseller,HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople.Obviously,thisisbadnewsforanyonehopingtofindthesecrettobecomingageniusovernight.Thegoodnews,though,isthathardworkstillworks.Thereisplentyofreasontobelievethatyoucanbuildbrainpowerbyregularlyworkingatchallengingmentaltasks,suchasplayingamusicalinstrument,doingarithmetic,orreadinganovel.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A.Inactive. B.Dead. C.Dynamic. D.Sleepy.9.Howdoesthesecondparagraphdoubttheideathathumanbeingsuseonly10percentoftheirbrain?A.Byraisingaquestion. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bylistingfigures. D.Bygivingrealexamples.10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothelastthreeparagraphs?A.Completinghardtasksenablestoimprovethebrainpower.B.Almosteveryareaofthebrainisusedmoreorless.C.ThepseudosciencewascreatedandspreadbypsychologistWilliamJames.D.Imagingtechniqueshelptorevealhowmanyareasareusedfordifferentactivities.11.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?AHowshouldwemakegooduseofourbrain?B.Dowereallyuseonly10percentofourbrain?C.Canmakinggooduseofourbrainhelpusbeageniusovernight?D.Dowereallyneedtouseeveryareaofourbrainindailylives?【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了“人类只使用了大脑的10%”这一观点的错误之处以及这一观点的出处以及提高大脑智力的方法。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“humanbeingsuseonly10percentoftheirbrain,andawakeningtheremaining90percent”可知，人类只使用了大脑的10%，说明剩下的90%是不活跃状态。故划线词意思是“不活跃的”。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Howdoweknow?Foronething,ifweneededonly10percentofourbrain,themajorityofbraininjurieswouldhavenodiscernible(明显的)consequences,sincethedamagewouldaffectpartsofthebrainthatweren’tdoinganythingtobeginwith.Wealsoknowthatnaturalselectiondiscouragesthedevelopmentofuselessstructures:earlyhumanswhodevotedscarcephysicalresourcestogrowingandmaintaininghugeamountsofexcessbraintissuewouldhavebeenoutcompetedbythosewhospentthosepreciousresourcesonthingsmorenecessaryforsurvivalandreproductivesuccess.Tougherimmunesystems,strongermuscles,betterlookinghair—justaboutanythingwouldbemoreusefulthanhavingaheadfulloflazytissue.(我们怎么知道的？首先，如果我们只需要10%的大脑，大多数脑损伤就不会有明显的后果，因为损伤会影响到大脑中本来没有任何功能的部分。我们还知道，自然选择不鼓励无用结构的发展：早期人类将稀缺的体力用于生长和维持大量多余的脑组织，而那些将宝贵的资源用于生存和繁殖成功更必要的事情的人，将会在竞争中被淘汰。更强健的免疫系统，更强健的肌肉，更好看的头发——任何东西都比脑袋里满是懒惰的组织更有用)”可知，第二段通过对比来质疑人类只使用了大脑的10%这个观点。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Themyth(错误看法)isoftenincorrectlyattributedto19th-centurypsychologistWilliamJames,whoproposedthatmostofourmentalpotentialgoesuntapped.Butheneverspecifiedapercentage.(这个神话经常被错误地归因于19世纪的心理学家威廉·詹姆斯，他提出我们的大部分心理潜力尚未开发。但他从未具体说明百分比)”可知，C选项“伪科学是由心理学家威廉·詹姆斯创造和传播的”不正确。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’soneofHollywood’sfavoritebitsofpseudoscience(伪科学):humanbeingsuseonly10percentoftheirbrain,andawakeningtheremaining90percent—supposedlydormant—allowsotherwiseordinaryhumanbeingstodisplayextraordinarymentalabilities.(这是好莱坞最喜欢的伪科学之一：人类只使用了大脑的10%，唤醒剩下的90%——据说是休眠的——让普通人展现出非凡的精神能力)”结合文章主要论述了“人类只使用了大脑的10%”这一观点的错误之处以及这一观点的出处以及提高大脑智力的方法。可知，B选项“我们真的只使用了大脑的10%吗？”最符合文章标题。故选B。DInatrailblazingnewstudy,researchershavediscoveredbottledwatersoldinstorescancontain10to100timesmorebitsofplasticthanpreviouslyestimated—nanoparticles(纳米塑料)aresotinythattheycannotbeseenunderamicroscope.At1,000ththeaveragewidthofahumanhair,nanoplasticsaresoteenytheycanmigratethroughthetissuesofthedigestivetractorlungsintothebloodstream,distributingpotentiallyharmfulsyntheticchemicalsthroughoutthebodyandintocells,expertssay.Oneliterofwater—theequivalentoftwostandard-sizebottledwaters—containedanaverageof240,000plasticparticlesfromseventypesofplastics,ofwhich90%wereidentifiedasnanoplasticsandtherestweremicroplastics,accordingtothenewstudy.Microplasticsarepolymerfragmentsthatcanrangefromlessthan0.2inch(5millimeters)downto1/25,000thofaninch(1micrometer).Anythingsmallerisananoplasticthatmustbemeasuredinbillionthsofameter.Inthenewstudy,publishedMondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researchersfromColumbiaUniversitypresentedanewtechnologythatcansee,countandanalyzethechemicalstructureofnanoparticlesinbottledwater.Insteadof300perliter,theteambehindthelateststudyfoundtheactualnumberofplasticbitsinthreepopularbrandsofwatersoldintheUnitedStatestobeinbetween110,000and370,000,ifnothigher.Theinnovativenewtechniquespresentedinthestudyopenthedoorforfurtherresearchtobetterunderstandthepotentialriskstohumanhealth,saidJaneHoulihan,researchdirectorforHealthyBabies,BrightFutures,anallianceofnonprofitscommittedtoreducingbabies’exposurestoneurotoxic(毒害神经的)chemicals,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Infantsandyoungchildrenmayfacethegreatestrisks,astheirdevelopingbrainsandbodiesareoftenmorevulnerabletoimpactsfromtoxicexposures.”saidHoulihaninanemail.Nanoplasticsarethemostworrisometypeofplasticpollutionforhumanhealth,expertssay.That’sbecausetheparticlescaninvadeindividualcellsandtissuesinmajororgans,potentiallyinterruptingcellularprocessesanddepositingendocrine-disrupting(扰乱内分泌的)chemicalssuchasbisphenols,phthalates,flameretardants,per-andpolyfluorinatedsubstances,orPFAS,andheavymetals.Therearethingspeoplecandotoreducetheirexposuretoplastics,saidHoulihan.“Wecanavoidconsumingfoodsandbeveragesinplasticcontainers.Wecanwearclothingmadefromnaturalfabricsandbuyconsumerproductsmadefromnaturalmaterials,”Houlihansaid.“Wecansimplytakestockoftheplasticinourdailylivesandfindalternativeswheneverfeasible.”12.Wherecannanoplasticsbefoundinourbody?A.Theblood. B.Thelung.C.Thestomach. D.Almosteverywhere.13Whatarethedifferencesbetweennanoplasticsandmicroplastics?A.Nanoplasticsareharmful,whilemicroplasticsaren’t.B.Nanoplasticsexistinbottledwaters,whilemicroplasticsdon’t.C.Nanoplasticscanmigratethroughcertaintissues,whilemicroplasticscan’t.D.Nanoplasticsaremuchshorterthanmicroplastics.14.WhyisJaneHoulihan’sstatementmentioned?A.Toaddmorebackgroundinformationforthenewstudy.B.Tomakepreparationsforthefollowingcontents.C.Toprovideanobjectiveevaluationforthesignificanceofthenewstudy.D.Toencouragereaderstoconsistentlyandenthusiasticallyfocusonthenewstudy.15.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A.Finding→Explanationandanalysis→Solutions.B.Finding→Reasonsandbackground→Solutions.C.Finding→Discussionandbackground→Conclusion.D.Finding→Discussionandreasons→Conclusion.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最新研究发现瓶装水中含有大量的纳米塑料颗粒，这些颗粒非常小，以至于肉眼无法看到，并且它们可能对人体健康造成潜在危害。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At1,000ththeaveragewidthofahumanhair,nanoplasticsaresoteenytheycanmigratethroughthetissuesofthedigestivetractorlungsintothebloodstream,distributingpotentiallyharmfulsyntheticchemicalsthroughoutthebodyandintocells,expertssay.(纳米塑料的宽度只有人类头发平均宽度的千分之一，它们非常微小，可以穿过消化道或肺部组织进入血液，分布潜在有害的合成化学物质到全身和细胞内，专家说。)”可知，纳米塑料非常小，可以通过消化道或肺部的组织进入血液，在身体各处和细胞中分布潜在有害的合成化学物质，几乎可以出现在身体的任何地方，故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Microplasticsarepolymerfragmentsthatcanrangefromlessthan0.2inch(5millimeters)downto1/25,000thofaninch(1micrometer).Anythingsmallerisananoplasticthatmustbemeasuredinbillionthsofameter.(微塑料是聚合物碎片，大小可以从小于0.2英寸（5毫米）到1/25,000英寸（1微米）。任何更小的都是必须以十亿分之一米来测量的纳米塑料。)”可知，纳米塑料比微塑料小得多。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段““Infantsandyoungchildrenmayfacethegreatestrisks,astheirdevelopingbrainsandbodiesareoftenmorevulnerabletoimpactsfromtoxicexposures,”saidHoulihaninanemail.(Houlihan在一封电子邮件中说：“婴儿和幼儿可能面临最大的风险，因为他们的发育中的大脑和身体更容易受到有毒物质暴露的影响。”)”可知，JaneHoulihan的声明提供了对新研究意义的客观评价，强调了婴儿和幼儿面临的更大风险。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Inatrailblazingnewstudy,researchershavediscoveredbottledwatersoldinstorescancontain10to100timesmorebitsofplasticthanpreviouslyestimated—nanoparticles(纳米塑料)aresotinythattheycannotbeseenunderamicroscope.(在一项开创性的新研究中，研究人员发现商店售卖的瓶装水可能含有比以前估计多10到100倍的塑料微粒——纳米塑料如此微小，以至于它们在显微镜下都无法被看见。)”可知，文章首先提出了研究发现，即瓶装水中含有大量的纳米塑料；根据第四段“Microplasticsarepolymerfragmentsthatcanrangefromlessthan0.2inch(5millimeters)downto1/25,000thofaninch(1micrometer).Anythingsmallerisananoplasticthatmustbemeasuredinbillionthsofameter.(微塑料是聚合物碎片，其大小可以从小于0.2英寸（5毫米）到1/25,000英寸（1微米）。任何更小的都是纳米塑料，必须以十亿分之一米来测量。)”以及倒数第二段“Nanoplasticsarethemostworrisometypeofplasticpollutionforhumanhealth,expertssay.That’sbecausetheparticlescaninvadeindividualcellsandtissuesinmajororgans,potentiallyinterruptingcellularprocessesanddepositingendocrine-disrupting(扰乱内分泌的)chemicalssuchasbisphenols,phthalates,flameretardants,per-andpolyfluorinatedsubstances,orPFAS,andheavymetals.(专家们表示，纳米塑料是人类健康最令人担忧的塑料污染类型。这是因为这些微粒可以侵入主要器官中的单个细胞和组织，可能会干扰细胞过程，并沉积诸如双酚类、邻苯二甲酸酯、阻燃剂、全氟和多氟化物或PFAS以及重金属等扰乱内分泌的化学物质。)”可知，文章随后解释了这些纳米塑料的特点和潜在的危害，并分析了这些发现的重要性（Explanationandanalysis）；根据最后一段“Therearethingspeoplecandotoreducetheirexposuretoplastics,saidHoulihan.“Wecanavoidconsumingfoodsandbeveragesinplasticcontainers.Wecanwearclothingmadefromnaturalfabricsandbuyconsumerproductsmadefromnaturalmaterials,”Houlihansaid.“Wecansimplytakestockoftheplasticinourdailylivesandfindalternativeswheneverfeasible.”(霍利汉表示：“人们可以做一些事情来减少他们接触塑料的机会。我们可以避免食用装在塑料容器里的食物和饮料。我们可以穿由天然纤维制成的衣服，购买由天然材料制成的消费产品。”霍利汉说：“我们可以简单地盘点一下我们日常生活中的塑料，并在可行的情况下找到替代品。”)”可知本文最后提出了解决方法，即减少塑料暴露的一些措施。因此，文章的结构是“发现→解释和分析→解决方案”。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatarethePhysicalBenefitsofExercise?Exerciseisoftenthoughtofasactivitiesthathelpapersonloseweightorpreventweightgain.Havingabodythatisslimmerandtrimmeriscertainlyoneofthephysicalbenefitsofexercise,buttherearemanyothers.____16____Doingpush-upscanhelpstrengthentheupperbody.Dietpillsmayhelpamanshedweightbuttheywillnothelphimbuildorstrengthenhismuscles.Thephysicalbenefitsofexercisearegenerallyexperiencedsimultaneously.____17____Thisbenefitisnotlimitedtomalesandthetypesofexercisesthatproducetheseresultsarenotlimitedtoweightlifting.Joggingcanprovideanaerobic(有氧的)workout.Exercisealsostrengthensbones,whichbecomesmoreimportanttheolderapersongets.Bonesgothroughanaturalprocessofbreakingdownandrebuilding.____18____Physicalactivityproducesthatstimulationand,therefore,helpsdecreasethelikelihoodofconditionssuchasosteoporosis.____19____Manypeopleareconcernedwithlookingolder.Slowingandreversingtheeffectsofagingarebenefitsofphysicalexercise.Cellulite(皮下脂肪团),forexample,canmakeayoungwomanappearolderthansheis.____20____Wrinklesareanothersignofagingthatcanbereducedbyexercisesincephysicalactivitytendstoimprovetheconditionofskin.A.Manypeoplewanttochangeorimprovetheirbodies.B.Takingregularexercisecanleadtohigherenergyandbetterconditionofskin.C.Exercisehastheabilitytohelpapersonchangehisbodyshape,andmakehimstronger.D.Aspeoplegrowolder,however,therebuildingprocessreducesunlessitisstimulated.E.Theappearanceofcellulitecanbediminishedwithbasicexercisessuchaswalkingorjogging.F.Asweallknow,exercisealsoreducesthenegativephysicaleffectswhichapersonfeelswhensheages.G.Theseincludestrengtheningthebones,strengtheningthemuscles,andreducingtheeffectsofaging.【答案】16.G17.C18.D19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了锻炼对人体的多种好处，包括增强肌肉、强化骨骼、减少衰老迹象等。【16题详解】根据上文“Havingabodythatisslimmerandtrimmeriscertainlyoneofthephysicalbenefitsofexercise,buttherearemanyothers(拥有更苗条、更紧致的身体当然是锻炼的一种身体上的好处，但还有许多其他的好处)”可知，此处需要总结锻炼带来的其他身体上的好处，与G项“Theseincludestrengtheningthebones,strengtheningthemuscles,andreducingtheeffectsofaging(这些好处包括强化骨骼、增强肌肉和减少衰老的影响)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。【17题详解】根据上文“Thephysicalbenefitsofexercisearegenerallyexperiencedsimultaneously.(锻炼的身体好处通常是同时体验到的)”及下文“Thisbenefitisnotlimitedtomalesandthetypesofexercisesthatproducetheseresultsarenotlimitedtoweightlifting.(这种好处不仅仅限于男性，产生这些效果的锻炼类型也不仅仅限于举重)”可知，此处需要举例说明锻炼如何增强肌肉，与C项“Exercisehastheabilitytohelpapersonchangehisbodyshape,andmakehimstronger(锻炼有能力帮助一个人改变体型，使他更强壮)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。【18题详解】根据上文“Bonesgothroughanaturalprocessofbreakingdownandrebuilding.(骨骼经历了一个自然的分解和重建过程)”及下文“Physicalactivityproducesthatstimulationand,therefore,helpsdecreasethelikelihoodofconditionssuchasosteoporosis(体育活动会产生这种刺激，因此有助于降低骨质疏松等病症的可能性)”可知，此处需要解释随着年龄增长，骨骼重建过程的变化，与D项“Aspeoplegrowolder,however,therebuildingprocessreducesunlessitisstimulated(然而，随着年龄的增长，除非受到刺激，否则重建过程会减少)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。【19题详解】根据下文“Slowingandreversingtheeffectsofagingarebenefitsofphysicalexercise(减缓和逆转衰老的影响是体育锻炼的好处)”可知，此处需要引出锻炼对延缓衰老的作用，与F项“Asweallknow,exercisealsoreducesthenegativephysicaleffectswhichapersonfeelswhensheages(众所周知，锻炼还能减少一个人在衰老过程中感受到的负面身体影响)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。【20题详解】根据上文“Cellulite(皮下脂肪团),forexample,canmakeayoungwomanappearolderthansheis(例如，皮下脂肪团可以使年轻女性看起来比实际年龄老)”及下文“Wrinklesareanothersignofagingthatcanbereducedbyexercisesincephysicalactivitytendstoimprovetheconditionofskin(皱纹是另一种可以通过锻炼减少的老化迹象，因为体育活动往往能改善皮肤状况)”可知，此处需要说明如何通过基本的锻炼减少皮下脂肪团，与E项“Theappearanceofcellulitecanbediminishedwithbasicexercisessuchaswalkingorjogging(通过基本的锻炼如步行或慢跑可以减少皮下脂肪团的出现)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AnewstudybyresearchersfromtheMonellChemicalSensesCenterfoundthatthedifferentwaysweexperiencesmellsisinourDNA.PublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,thestudyfoundthatsmall____21____injustoneolfactory(嗅觉的)receptorgenecanaffecthowstrongorpleasantanodorisforoneperson.Everyperson’snosehasabout400differenttypesof____22____sensorproteins,knownasolfactoryreceptors.Onesmellcan____23____severaldifferentofthesereceptors,andreceptorscanbeactivatedbyseveraldifferentsmells.Thebraininterpretsthesereceptoractivationpatternsto____24____millions(maybetrillions)ofdifferentsmells.“Westillknowverylittleabouthowolfactoryreceptorstranslateinformationfromanodormoleculeintotheperception(感知)ofanodor’s____25____,intensity,andpleasantness,”saidseniorauthorJoelMainland,Ph.D.,anolfactoryneurobiologistatMonell,inanewsrelease.“By____26____howvariationinanolfactoryreceptorgenechangesodorperception,wecanbegintounderstandthe____27____ofeachreceptor.This____28____willhelpuslearnhowthereceptorsworktogethersothatwecandeciphertheolfactorycodeanddigitizeolfaction.”Forthestudy,researchersasked332peopletoratehowthey____29____theintensityandpleasantnessofnearly70odors.ResearchersalsocollectedDNA_________30_________fromalltheparticipants.Theyusedgeneticinformationtoidentifypeoplewhohadbroken_________31_________ofcertainreceptorsandcomparedtheirodorreceptiontopeoplewhohadnormalversionsofthesamereceptor.Theywantedtofindoutifthesameodorappearedmorepleasantornotas_________32_________orboth.Scientistsweresurprisedtofindthatachangeinasinglegenecouldinspire_________33_________inhowpeopleperceivedthesamesmell.“Becausemostodorsactivateseveralreceptors,manyscientiststhoughtthat_________34_________onereceptorwouldn’tmakeadifferenceinhowweperceivethatodor.Instead,ourwork_________35_________thatisnotthecaseandchangestoasinglereceptorcanmakeabigdifferenceinhowyouperceiveanodor.”saidMainland.21.A.standards B.qualities C.competitors D.changes22.A.detailed B.specialized C.polluted D.relieved23.A.target B.appreciate C.activate D.monitor24.A.identify B.ignore C.discipline D.interact25.A.decision B.status C.success D.quality26.A.ch