大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷16（共215题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷16（共9套）（共215题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、仔细阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)MercedesestatecarsandFiatrunarounds(轻便小汽车)arebeingusedtotestupto22differentmonitorsdesignedtodetectifadriverisfallingasleepatthewheelandtriggeraseriesofdevicesdesignedtowakethemup.Theaimoftheproject,fundedby￡4millionofEuropeanUnionmoneyaswellasprivateinvestment,istoreducetheestimated30%offatalaccidentswhicharecausedinEuropeeachyearbydriversdriftingoffatthewheel.Thetestcarshavebeenfittedwithinfraredcameraswhichmonitoreyemovement,touch-padsensorsthatmeasurethedriver'sgriponthesteeringwheelandchassis(汽车底盘)monitorswhichcheckforveer(转向).Shoulddriversstarttodozeofftheycanbequicklywokenbyasuddenblastofair-conditionedcoldair.Atthesametimeavibratingalarmwillsoundandthedriver'sseatwillbemadetoshake.DaimlerChrysler,ownerofMercedes,aswellasFiat,willownthepatentoftheawakesystem,whichcouldbeinstalledincarsassoonasthisyear.IfthetrialsaresuccessfultheEUisconsideringintroducingadirectivewhichwouldmakethesystemcompulsoryinlong-distancelorries—aleadingcauseofroadaccidents.Accordingtotransportdepartmentfigures,morethan300peopledieeachyearinBritaininaccidentsthoughttobecausedbydriversfallingasleepatthewheel.TenpeoplediedintheSelbyrailcrashlastyearwhenacardriverfellasleeponamotor-way,crashedontoarailwaylineandderailed(使脱轨)apassengertrain.MotoringorganizationssaidthenewsystemmightpreventaccidentssuchasSelbybutwerecautiousastowhetheritwouldprovepractical.Thesafetysystemalsomonitorsbrakingfrequencyandcandetecteyemovementtowardstherearandsidemirrors.Asnoonedrivesinexactlythesameway,thesystemmust"learn"theindividualcharacteristicsofitsownerorowners.Theresearchershadconsideredsystemsthatsquirted(喷射)arefinedversionofsmellingsaltsatthedozymotorist,openedthewindowsandactivatedthebrakesautomatically.However,suchideashavebeenabandonedaspotentiallydangerous,startlingadriverandleadingtosuddenchangesinsteering.1、Accordingtothepassage,ifadriverfallsasleepinoneofthetestcars,______.A、thecarbrakewillbeactivatedautomaticallytopreventanaccidentB、arefinedversionofsmellingsaltwillbesprayedatthedriverC、thewindowwillbeopenedtoletinfreshairD、avibratingalarmwillsoundtowakethedriverup标准答案：D知识点解析：第2段最后两句分别提到了两种唤醒打瞌睡的驾驶者的方法，选项D是其中之一，在该段末句提到。2、Thesecondparagraphtalksmostclearlyabout______.A、thecausesoffatalroadaccidentsB、themechanismoftheawakesystemC、thewaystoawakethedozingdriversD、thescheduleofdevelopingtheawakesystem标准答案：B知识点解析：第2段包含两个主要内容，第1句指出了研究唤醒系统的目的，第2句至末句介绍了该系统的运作机制，将四个选项与此对比，即可发现选项B为本题答案。3、Accordingtothepassage,roadaccidentsinEuropearemainlycausedby______.A、driversfallingasleepatthewheelB、long-distancelorrydrivingC、carswithoutasafetysystemD、drivers’suddenchangesinsteering标准答案：B知识点解析：第3段末句指出公路事故的主要肇事者是长途货车，故而正确答案选B。4、TheauthormayagreethattheSelbycrash______.A、triggeredthedevelopmentoftheawakesystemB、happenedbecausethetraindriverdriftedoffatthewheelC、highlightedtheadvantagesofinstallingtheawakesystemD、causedresearchers’concernaboutthepracticalityoftheawakesystem标准答案：C知识点解析：本文介绍了唤醒系统的研发，结合第4段末句可以知道，作者提到Selby撞车事故是为了表明唤醒系统可以避免这种事故的发生，即它的好处，由此可见，选项C为本题答案。5、TheEU’sattitudetowardstheawakesystemcanbebestdescribedas"______".A、cautiousoptimismB、insufficientsupportC、sheerconfidenceD、fitfuluncertainty标准答案：A知识点解析：第2段首句指出欧盟在经济上对系统的研究给予了很大的支持，第3段末句指出欧盟会考虑颁布指令，强行让长途货车安装该系统，这些表示它对系统是有信心的；另一方面，第3段末句中的条件从句和considering一词表明欧盟对该系统持审慎的态度，因此选项A最能概括欧盟对该系统的态度。MercedesestatecarsandFiatrunarounds(轻便小汽车)arebeingusedtotestupto22differentmonitorsdesignedtodetectifadriverisfallingasleepatthewheelandtriggeraseriesofdevicesdesignedtowakethemup.Theaimoftheproject,fundedby￡4millionofEuropeanUnionmoneyaswellasprivatesinvestment,istoreducetheestimated30%offatalaccidentswhicharecausedinEuropeeachyearbydriversdriftingoffatthewheel.Thetestcarshavebeenfittedwithinfraredcameraswhichmonitoreyemovement,touch-padsensorsthatmeasurethedriver'sgriponthesteeringwheelandchassis(汽车底盘)monitorswhichcheckforveer(转向).Shoulddriversstarttodozeofftheycanbequicklywokenbyasuddenblastofair-conditionedcoldair.Atthesametimeavibratingalarmwillsoundandthedriver'sseatwillbemadetoshake.DaimlerChrysler,ownerofMercedes,aswellasFiat,willownthepatentoftheawakesystem,whichcouldbeinstalledincarsassoonasthisyear.IfthetrialsaresuccessfultheEUisconsideringintroducingadirectivewhichwouldmakethesystemcompulsoryinlong-distancelorries—aleadingcauseofroadaccidents.Accordingtotransportdepartmentfigures,morethan300peopledieeachyearinBritaininaccidentsthoughttobecausedbydriversfallingasleepatthewheel.TenpeoplediedintheSelbyrailcrashlastyearwhenacardriverfellasleeponamotor-way,crashedontoarailwaylineandderailed(使脱轨)apassengertrain.MotoringorganizationssaidthenewsystemmightpreventaccidentssuchasSelbybutwerecautiousastowhetheritwouldprovepractical.Thesafetysystemalsomonitorsbrakingfrequencyandcandetecteyemovementtowardstherearandsidemirrors.Asnoonedrivesinexactlythesameway,thesystemmust"learn"theindividualcharacteristicsofitsownerorowners.Theresearchershadconsideredsystemsthatsquirted(喷射)arefinedversionofsmellingsaltsatthedozymotorist,openedthewindowsandactivatedthebrakesautomatically.However,suchideashavebeenabandonedaspotentiallydangerous,startlingadriverandleadingtosuddenchangesinsteering.6、Accordingtothepassage,ifadriverfallsasleepinoneofthetestcars,______.A、thecarbrakewillbeactivatedautomaticallytopreventanaccidentB、arefinedversionofsmellingsaltwillbesprayedatthedriverC、thewindowwillbeopenedtoletinfreshairD、avibratingalarmwillsoundtowakethedriverup标准答案：D知识点解析：第2段最后两句分别提到了两种唤醒打瞌睡的驾驶者的方法，选项D是其中之一，在该段末句提到。7、Thesecondparagraphtalksmostclearlyabout______.A、thecausesoffatalroadaccidentsB、themechanismoftheawakesystemC、thewaystoawakethedozingdriversD、thescheduleofdevelopingtheawakesystem标准答案：B知识点解析：第2段包含两个主要内容，第1句指出了研究唤醒系统的目的，第2句至末句介绍了该系统的运作机制，将四个选项与此对比，即可发现选项B为本题答案。8、Accordingtothepassage,roadaccidentsinEuropearemainlycausedby______.A、driversfallingasleepatthewheelB、long-distancelorrydrivingC、carswithoutasafetysystemD、drivers’suddenchangesinsteering标准答案：B知识点解析：第3段末句指出公路事故的主要肇事者是长途货车，故而正确答案选B。9、TheauthormayagreethattheSelbycrash______.A、triggeredthedevelopmentoftheawakesystemB、happenedbecausethetraindriverdriftedoffatthewheelC、highlightedtheadvantagesofinstallingtheawakesystemD、causedresearchers’concernaboutthepracticalityoftheawakesystem标准答案：C知识点解析：本文介绍了唤醒系统的研发，结合第4段末句可以知道，作者提到Selby撞车事故是为了表明唤醒系统可以避免这种事故的发生，即它的好处，由此可见，选项C为本题答案。10、TheEU’sattitudetowardstheawakesystemcanbebestdescribedas"______".A、cautiousoptimismB、insufficientsupportC、sheerconfidenceD、fitfuluncertainty标准答案：A知识点解析：第2段首句指出欧盟在经济上对系统的研究给予了很大的支持，第3段末句指出欧盟会考虑颁布指令，强行让长途货车安装该系统，这些表示它对系统是有信心的；另一方面，第3段末句中的条件从句和considering一词表明欧盟对该系统持审慎的态度，因此选项A最能概括欧盟对该系统的态度。MercedesestatecarsandFiatrunarounds(轻便小汽车)arebeingusedtotestupto22differentmonitorsdesignedtodetectifadriverisfallingasleepatthewheelandtriggeraseriesofdevicesdesignedtowakethemup.Theaimoftheproject,fundedby￡4millionofEuropeanUnionmoneyaswellasprivateinvestment,istoreducetheestimated30%offatalaccidentswhicharecausedinEuropeeachyearbydriversdriftingoffatthewheel.Thetestcarshavebeenfittedwithinfraredcameraswhichmonitoreyemovement,touch-padsensorsthatmeasurethedriver'sgriponthesteeringwheelandchassis(汽车底盘)monitorswhichcheckforveer(转向).Shoulddriversstarttodozeofftheycanbequicklywokenbyasuddenblastofair-conditionedcoldair.Atthesametimeavibratingalarmwillsoundandthedriver'sseatwillbemadetoshake.DaimlerChrysler,ownerofMercedes,aswellasFiat,willownthepatentoftheawakesystem,whichcouldbeinstalledincarsassoonasthisyear.IfthetrialsaresuccessfultheEUisconsideringintroducingadirectivewhichwouldmakethesystemcompulsoryinlong-distancelorries—aleadingcauseofroadaccidents.Accordingtotransportdepartmentfigures,morethan300peopledieeachyearinBritaininaccidentsthoughttobecausedbydriversfallingasleepatthewheel.TenpeoplediedintheSelbyrailcrashlastyearwhenacardriverfellasleeponamotor-way,crashedontoarailwaylineandderailed(使脱轨)apassengertrain.MotoringorganizationssaidthenewsystemmightpreventaccidentssuchasSelbybutwerecautiousastowhetheritwouldprovepractical.Thesafetysystemalsomonitorsbrakingfrequencyandcandetecteyemovementtowardstherearandsidemirrors.Asnoonedrivesinexactlythesameway,thesystemmust"learn"theindividualcharacteristicsofitsownerorowners.Theresearchershadconsideredsystemsthatsquirted(喷射)arefinedversionofsmellingsaltsatthedozymotorist,openedthewindowsandactivatedthebrakesautomatically.However,suchideashavebeenabandonedaspotentiallydangerous,startlingadriverandleadingtosuddenchangesinsteering.11、Accordingtothepassage,ifadriverfallsasleepinoneofthetestcars,______.A、thecarbrakewillbeactivatedautomaticallytopreventanaccidentB、arefinedversionofsmellingsaltwillbesprayedatthedriverC、thewindowwillbeopenedtoletinfreshairD、avibratingalarmwillsoundtowakethedriverup标准答案：D知识点解析：第2段最后两句分别提到了两种唤醒打瞌睡的驾驶者的方法，选项D是其中之一，在该段末句提到。12、Thesecondparagraphtalksmostclearlyabout______.A、thecausesoffatalroadaccidentsB、themechanismoftheawakesystemC、thewaystoawakethedozingdriversD、thescheduleofdevelopingtheawakesystem标准答案：B知识点解析：第2段包含两个主要内容，第1句指出了研究唤醒系统的目的，第2句至末句介绍了该系统的运作机制，将四个选项与此对比，即可发现选项B为本题答案。13、Accordingtothepassage,roadaccidentsinEuropearemainlycausedby______.A、driversfallingasleepatthewheelB、long-distancelorrydrivingC、carswithoutasafetysystemD、drivers’suddenchangesinsteering标准答案：B知识点解析：第3段末句指出公路事故的主要肇事者是长途货车，故而正确答案选B。14、TheauthormayagreethattheSelbycrash______.A、triggeredthedevelopmentoftheawakesystemB、happenedbecausethetraindriverdriftedoffatthewheelC、highlightedtheadvantagesofinstallingtheawakesystemD、causedresearchers’concernaboutthepracticalityoftheawakesystem标准答案：C知识点解析：本文介绍了唤醒系统的研发，结合第4段末句可以知道，作者提到Selby撞车事故是为了表明唤醒系统可以避免这种事故的发生，即它的好处，由此可见，选项C为本题答案。15、TheEU’sattitudetowardstheawakesystemcanbebestdescribedas"______".A、cautiousoptimismB、insufficientsupportC、sheerconfidenceD、fitfuluncertainty标准答案：A知识点解析：第2段首句指出欧盟在经济上对系统的研究给予了很大的支持，第3段末句指出欧盟会考虑颁布指令，强行让长途货车安装该系统，这些表示它对系统是有信心的；另一方面，第3段末句中的条件从句和considering一词表明欧盟对该系统持审慎的态度，因此选项A最能概括欧盟对该系统的态度。MercedesestatecarsandFiatrunarounds(轻便小汽车)arebeingusedtotestupto22differentmonitorsdesignedtodetectifadriverisfallingasleepatthewheelandtriggeraseriesofdevicesdesignedtowakethemup.Theaimoftheproject,fundedby￡4millionofEuropeanUnionmoneyaswellasprivateinvestment,istoreducetheestimated30%offatalaccidentswhicharecausedinEuropeeachyearbydriversdriftingoffatthewheel.Thetestcarshavebeenfittedwithinfraredcameraswhichmonitoreyemovement,touch-padsensorsthatmeasurethedriver'sgriponthesteeringwheelandchassis(汽车底盘)monitorswhichcheckforveer(转向).Shoulddriversstarttodozeofftheycanbequicklywokenbyasuddenblastofair-conditionedcoldair.Atthesametimeavibratingalarmwillsoundandthedriver'sseatwillbemadetoshake.DaimlerChrysler,ownerofMercedes,aswellasFiat,willownthepatentoftheawakesystem,whichcouldbeinstalledincarsassoonasthisyear.IfthetrialsaresuccessfultheEUisconsideringintroducingadirectivewhichwouldmakethesystemcompulsoryinlong-distancelorries—aleadingcauseofroadaccidents.Accordingtotransportdepartmentfigures,morethan300peopledieeachyearinBritaininaccidentsthoughttobecausedbydriversfallingasleepatthewheel.TenpeoplediedintheSelbyrailcrashlastyearwhenacardriverfellasleeponamotor-way,crashedontoarailwaylineandderailed(使脱轨)apassengertrain.MotoringorganizationssaidthenewsystemmightpreventaccidentssuchasSelbybutwerecautiousastowhetheritwouldprovepractical.Thesafetysystemalsomonitorsbrakingfrequencyandcandetecteyemovementtowardstherearandsidemirrors.Asnoonedrivesinexactlythesameway,thesystemmust"learn"theindividualcharacteristicsofitsownerorowners.Theresearchershadconsideredsystemsthatsquirted(喷射)arefinedversionofsmellingsaltsatthedozymotorist,openedthewindowsandactivatedthebrakesautomatically.However,suchideashavebeenabandonedaspotentiallydangerous,startlingadriverandleadingtosuddenchangesinsteering.16、Accordingtothepassage,ifadriverfallsasleepinoneofthetestcars,______.A、thecarbrakewillbeactivatedautomaticallytopreventanaccidentB、arefinedversionofsmellingsaltwillbesprayedatthedriverC、thewindowwillbeopenedtoletinfreshairD、avibratingalarmwillsoundtowakethedriverup标准答案：D知识点解析：第2段最后两句分别提到了两种唤醒打瞌睡的驾驶者的方法，选项D是其中之一，在该段末句提到。17、Thesecondparagraphtalksmostclearlyabout______.A、thecausesoffatalroadaccidentsB、themechanismoftheawakesystemC、thewaystoawakethedozingdriversD、thescheduleofdevelopingtheawakesystem标准答案：B知识点解析：第2段包含两个主要内容，第1句指出了研究唤醒系统的目的，第2句至末句介绍了该系统的运作机制，将四个选项与此对比，即可发现选项B为本题答案。18、Accordingtothepassage,roadaccidentsinEuropearemainlycausedby______.A、driversfallingasleepatthewheelB、long-distancelorrydrivingC、carswithoutasafetysystemD、drivers’suddenchangesinsteering标准答案：B知识点解析：第3段末句指出公路事故的主要肇事者是长途货车，故而正确答案选B。19、TheauthormayagreethattheSelbycrash______.A、triggeredthedevelopmentoftheawakesystemB、happenedbecausethetraindriverdriftedoffatthewheelC、highlightedtheadvantagesofinstallingtheawakesystemD、causedresearchers’concernaboutthepracticalityoftheawakesystem标准答案：C知识点解析：本文介绍了唤醒系统的研发，结合第4段末句可以知道，作者提到Selby撞车事故是为了表明唤醒系统可以避免这种事故的发生，即它的好处，由此可见，选项C为本题答案。20、TheEU’sattitudetowardstheawakesystemcanbebestdescribedas"______".A、cautiousoptimismB、insufficientsupportC、sheerconfidenceD、fitfuluncertainty标准答案：A知识点解析：第2段首句指出欧盟在经济上对系统的研究给予了很大的支持，第3段末句指出欧盟会考虑颁布指令，强行让长途货车安装该系统，这些表示它对系统是有信心的；另一方面，第3段末句中的条件从句和considering一词表明欧盟对该系统持审慎的态度，因此选项A最能概括欧盟对该系统的态度。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandties【C1】________intotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate(冥想),consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisno【C2】________.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelped【C3】________theprofitsofhisfivecompanies.Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevout(虔敬的)traders,called"WaliUllah"or"thoseclosetoGod",【C4】________spreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthrough【C5】________andfasting.BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.Hadizikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobe【C6】________injudgingtheriskofanewventure.Hadisikoexplained,"Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaders【C7】________yourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful."Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbrought【C8】________andprofitability.Meditationhelpedhimdothesethingsright.Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking."Willpowerand【C9】________mindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics(心理控制论),Carnegie'sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigher【C10】________thatwecontactthroughmeditation,"hesaid.A)boostF)filedK)literacyB)energeticallyG)fosterL)meditationC)exceptionH)implicitlyM)objectiveD)expansionI)indignantN)sharpensE)expositionJ)intelligenceO)subconscious1、【C1】标准答案：F知识点解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主语为sixmen，空格后的and连接并列谓语，由andsatdown可推知，空格处缺少动词作谓语。该句句意为：6个穿着白衬衫、打着领带的人________雅加达一家小公司的会议室，在长桌旁坐好。备选动词中的filed“排成纵列行进”在含义上与句意相符，故F)为正确答案。2、【C2】标准答案：C知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的isno可推断，此处缺少名词作表语。结合空格前的mysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesia“神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域”可推知，即使在商业领域里也有神秘主义，noexception意为“毫无例外”，故C)exception“例外，除外”符合句意，为正确答案。3、【C3】标准答案：A知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据空格前的helped和之后的theprofits可推断，此处缺少动词。结合上文的hisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making可推知，空格所在句的大意是：他每周的冥想还使他所持有的5家公司的利润有所增加。故A)boost“促进，提高”符合句意，为正确答案。4、【C4】标准答案：B知识点解析：副词辨析题。根据空格后的动词spread可知，该空缺少副词作状语。该句句意为：那些虔诚的商人，被称为WaliUllah或者“接近神的人”，把他们的祈求跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合，他们通过这一途径________拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。备选副词中的energetically“积极地”符合句意，故B)为正确答案。5、【C5】标准答案：L知识点解析：名词辨析题。由空格前的through和之后的andfasting可知，该空缺少与fasting并列的名词。结合下文的“BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnight．everyThursday…”可推知，空格处应为meditate的名词形式，故L)meditation“冥想”符合句意，为正确答案。6、【C6】标准答案：M知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格前的系动词be和之后的injudgingtherisk可推断，此处缺少形容词作表语。由上文的withthemindrelaxedandopen可推知，在大脑放松、开放的状态下，人们做出的判断会更加客观、理性，故M)objective“客观的”符合句意，为正确答案。7、【C7】标准答案：N知识点解析：动词辨析题。空格前为and连接的并列主语，其后为宾语，可推断此处缺少动词作谓语。结合句意：冥想以及与古代领袖的智慧交流可以________洞察力和直觉。备选动词中sharpens“(感觉、理解)加强；(使)改善”可以与空格后的insightandintuition“洞察力和直觉”搭配使用，故N)为正确答案。8、【C8】标准答案：D知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据空格后的andprofitability可知，该空缺少与profitability并列的名词。空格所在部分thathasbrought________andprofitability是修饰aturningaround“扭转局面”的定语从句，一般情况下，扭转局面带来的除了profitability“利润”外，还有公司的发展壮大，故D)expansion“扩张，扩大”符合句意，为正确答案。9、【C9】标准答案：O知识点解析：形容词辨析题。由空格后的名词mind可知，该空缺少形容词作定语。上文一直在讨论meditation“冥想”，再结合本句句意“意志力和________在商业中非常重要”可知，空格前的willpower“意志力”可以与subconsciousmind“潜意识”并列，故O)subconscious“下意识的，潜意识的”符合句意，为正确答案。10、【C10】标准答案：J知识点解析：名词辨析题。由空格前的thesamehigher可知，该空缺少名词。上文的suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics(心理控制论)，Carnegie’sthinkandgrowthrates，orthepowerofpositivethinking“心理控制论、卡耐基思想和增长率、积极思考的力量”等观点是西方开发高智能的方法，highintelligence“高智商”符合句意，故J)为正确答案。二、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)TheRainforestCityA)Apatchoftropicalrainforesthastwicethenumberofmammalspecies,fivetimesthebatsandbirdsandtentimesthetypesoftreethananidenticalsizedpatchoftemperateforest.Explainingmisdiversityisextremelydifficult,butmuchoftheanswerliesintheuniquecomplexity,productivityanddynamismoftheplace.Thesethreefeatureshavesimultaneouslyfeduponeachothertoerectandpopulatetheequivalentofvast,buzzingmetropolisesinthelivingworld.B)Infact,themorewelookattherainforest,themoreweseeparallelswithacity.Justlikeacity,therainforesthas"guilds"—groupsthatshareacommonlivelihood.Wherethecitymayhaveguildsoflocksmithsandfishmongers(鱼贩),therainforesthasguildsofunderstoreynectar-eatersandemergentepiphytes(附生植物).C)And,justasalargecityoffersmoreemploymentopportunitiesthanasmalltown,therainforesthassignificantlymoreguildsthanotherhabitats.Thisispartlyduetoitsmorecomplexstructure—thefactthatthereisanunderstoreymeansspeciescanfindalivelihoodintheunderstorey—buttherainforestisalsoeffectivelyopenallyearandsoitoffersemploymentthatissimplynotavailableinotherhabitats.D)AdeckchairattendantinBritainhastodooddjobsinthewinter,butinThailandit'sayear-roundoccupation.Similarly,noanimalcanbejustaseed-eaterinanoakforest,becauseacornsonlyfallinautumn.Intherainforest,seedsarealwaysfallingfromthecanopy(树冠),andsoseed-eatingisalegitimateprofession—ithasitsownguild.Similarly,duetotheyear-rounddemandincities,specialistssuchascarpet-cleaners,copywritersandcourierscanthrive,whileinasmalltown,theyareabsent.E)Therainforest"jobmarket"isalsoenormousasaresultofitspermanentlybooming"economy".Innature,energyisthecurrency,andtheincredibleproductivityoftherainforestensuresthatthere'salwaysenoughofitaroundtoenablemillionsofspeciestolivesidebyside.And,toavoidcompetition,naturalselectionhasmadesurethat,evenwithinaguildtherearetinydifferencesinthediets,habitatsorbehavioursofeachmember.F)Therainforestcouldthereforeberegardedasavastassociationofspecialists,acommunityofanimalsandplantsthatplytheirownveryparticulartrade.Ininsects,thespecialisationisextreme.Mostliveononlyoneortwospeciesofplant.OnetreeinPanamawasfoundtohave163speciesofbeetlesthatwereexclusivetothattypeoftree.G)Mostrainforestplantsprotecttheirleaveswithpoisons.Inordertoeataplant'sleaves,theinsectshavetoevolvetobecometoleranttoitsparticularcocktailoftoxins(毒素).Afterthousandsofyears,mostherbivorousinsectsarecommittedtolivingontheirhostplantalone.H)So,everypoison-lacedrainforesttreehasawholecommunityofspecieslivingon,underandarounditthatarenotfoundanywhereelse.Thissituationisnotuniquetotherainforest.ThesamehappensinBritain.InoakorScotspineforests,ahostofspeciesliveonjusttheoaktreesorScotspines.Butthefactisthatintheseforests,virtuallyeverytreeisanoakoraScotspine.I)Whatmakestherainforestsospecial,andsodiverse,isthatinonehectaretherecanbe300differenttypesoftrees,eachwithitsownexclusivecommunity.Inonetractofforesttherearethousands,andworldwidetherecouldbeupto50,000canopy-treespecies.Toaninsect,therainforestisn'tjustonejobmarket,butthousandsofdifferentjobmarkets,alllocatedinthesamecity.J)This"mosaic(组合)oftrees"isprobablythesinglemostimportantcauseofdiversityintherainforest,andyetwedon'treallyunderstandhowithappens—thatis,whyyoudon'tnormallyfindgrovesoftreesintherainforest.K)Itcouldbethatthe50,000differenttreessuit50,000differenttypesofplotandthatthebesttreeforthespotexcludesalltheothers.Or,itcouldbethatallthetreesareas"good"aseachotherandthattheforestistrappedinanendlessgameoftick-tack-toe(三连游戏)withnoultimatewinner.Or,itcouldbethatsomespeciesarebetterthantheothersandareintheprocessoftakingover,butbecausethisprocesswouldtakecenturies,theyneverquitemanageitbeforesomethingsuchasastormorlandslideputsthembacktosquareone.L)Butnoneoftheseexplanationsanswersasimplequestion:ifthisistruefortherainforest,whyisn'tittrueforanoakforestinEngland?Theonlytheorythatsolvesthispuzzleisonethatlooksbacktoanimalsforananswer.Remembertheguildofseed-eaters?Intherainforestalonglistofspeciesbelongstothisguild.M)Therearebeetlesandweevils(象鼻虫),squirrelsandmice,rats,birdsandlargermammalssuchasforestpigs,deerandtapirs.Whenthisgangfindsatreeinfruit,theyfeastuntilvirtuallynoseedsurvives.Theonlyseedsthataresparedarethosescatteredfarandwide,lyingaloneontheforestfloor.Itistheseseedsthatwillgoontocreatethenextgenerationofcanopytrees—onethat,likethepreviousgeneration,isalsoscatteredfarandwide.N)Thisishowtheseed-eatersmightcreateamosaicoftrees—bystoppinganyonetreefrombecomingtoocommon.Itwouldn'thappeninanEnglishoakforestbecausethereisnoguildofseed-eaters—it'snotayear-roundoccupation.O)Noonedoubtsmattherainforestisextremelyvaluable,butnoteveryoneseesthisvalueinthesameway.Timbermerchants,forexample,seeonekindofvalue,andenvironmentalistsseeanother.Tomanyscientists,arainforestismostvaluablewhenleftalonetoprosperwithouthumaninterference,butwithagrowinghumanpopulation,aglobalmarketforextractedgoodsandtheextentofpovertyaroundtheequator,anevaluationoftherainforesthastobemorepracticalthanthis.P)Anewbreedofrainforestvaluationattemptstofitintotheaccountingbooksofnationsandinternationalorganizations.Itspeaksthelanguageofaccountants,costsboththebenefitsofanintactrainforestandthelossesofavanishedone,worksoutaforest's"naturalcapital"andassessesitscontributionto"environmentalservices".Itsgrandconclusion;eachhectareofintactrainforestisworthabout￡4,500.Itmaynotsoundmuch,butthatputsmorethan￡7.5trillioninthepocketsofsomeofthemosttroubledcountriesonEarth.Q)Sowheredoesthisfigurecomefrom?Threequartersofitrepresentstheuncollectedharvestofalivingrainforest.Managedsensibly,awildforestcanyieldallsortsofsustainablecrops—timber,fruit,nuts,fibre,pulpwood,gums,resins,oils,veneer—andtherearemanymoretreasuresintherethatwehaven'tdiscoveredyet.Atleast3,000fruitsareknownfromrainf