大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷31（共220题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷31（共9套）（共220题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、仔细阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)EducatingPsychebyBernieNevilleisabookwhichlooksatradicalnewapproachestolearning,describingtheeffectsofemotion,imaginationandtheunconsciousonlearning.OneofthetheorydiscussedinthebookisthatproposedbyGeorgeLozanov,whichfocusesonthepowerofsuggestion.Lozanov'sinstructionaltechniqueisbasedontheevidencethattheconnectionsmadeinthebrainthroughunconsciousprocessing(whichhecallsnon-specificmentalreactivity)aremoredurablethanthosemadethroughconsciousprocessing.Besidesthelaboratoryevidenceforthis,weknowfromourexperiencethatweoftenrememberwhatwehaveperceivedperipherally,longafterwehaveforgottenwhatwesetouttolearn.Ifwethinkofabookwestudiedmonthsoryearsago,wewillfinditeasiertorecallperipheraldetails—thecolour,thebinding,thetypeface,thetableatthelibrarywherewesatwhilestudyingit—thanthecontentonwhichwereconcentrating.Ifwethinkofalecturewelistenedtowithgreatconcentration,wewillrecallthelecturer'sappearanceandmannerisms,ourplaceintheauditorium,thefailureoftheair-conditioning,muchmoreeasilythantheideaswewenttolearn.Eveniftheseperipheraldetailsareabitelusive,theycomebackreadilyinhypnosisorwhenwerelivetheeventimaginatively,suchasinpsychodrama.Thedetailsofthecontentofthelecture,ontheotherhand,seemtohavegoneforever.Thesuggestopedicapproachtoforeignlanguagelearningprovidesagoodillustration.Initsmostrecentvariant(1980),itconsistsofthereadingofvocabularyandtextwhiletheclassislisteningtomusic.Thefirstsessionisintwoparts.Inthefirstpart,themusicisclassical(Mozart,Beethoven,Brahms)andtheteacherreadsthetextslowlyandsolemnly,withattentiontothedynamicsofthemusic.Thestudentsfollowthetextintheirbooks.Theteacher'staskistoassistthestudentstoapplywhattheyhavelearnedparaconsciously,andindoingsotomakeiteasilyaccessibletoconsciousness.Whilesuggestopediahasgainedsomenotorietythroughsuccessintheteachingofmodernlanguages,fewteachersareabletoemulatethespectacularresultsofLozanovandhisassociates.Wecan,perhaps,attributemediocreresultstoinadequateplaceboeffect.Thestudentshavenotdevelopedtheappropriatemindset.Theyareoftennotmotivatedtolearnthroughthismethod.Theydonothaveenough'faith'.Theydonotseeitas'realteaching',especiallyasitdoesnotseemtoinvolvethe'work'theyhavelearnedtobelievethatitisessentialtolearning.1、ThebookEducationPsycheismainlytalkedabout______.A、thepowerofsuggestioninlearningB、howemotioneffectshumanbeingsC、theimportanceofconsciousmindonlearningD、newwaysoflearning标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。题干问，《心灵暗示教育》这本书主要谈论什么?根据书名定位于第一段，意为这本书着眼于激进的新式学习方法，描述了情感，想象力以及潜意识对学习的影响。选项D“newwaysoflearning”与“newapproachestolearning”为同义替换。选项A为干扰项，虽然第一段最后一句提到暗示的作用，但却是这本书中的一个理论，以偏概全，故不选。2、Lozanov’stheorysuggeststhat,wearemorelikelytoremember______.A、thepurposeofourlearningB、thetopicofonelectureC、thecontentofabookD、thoseunimportantdetails标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据人名定位于第二段。文中提到“Ifwethinkofabookwestudiedmonthsoryearsago，wewillfinditeasiertorecallperipheraldetails—thecolour，thebinding，thetypeface，thetableatthelibrary…”意为，如果我们回想前几个月或者前几年学过的课本，会发现我们很容易想起一些无关紧要的细节，如颜色、装订、字体或者阅读此书时在图书馆坐过的桌子。由此可推断，这些都是不重要的细节，即证实了本段第一句论点，大脑容易记住无意识状态下所作出的各种联系。选项A、B、C均为重要内容。3、Whytheauthormentionedforeignlanguagelearning?A、Becauseofthepopularityofforeignlanguagelearning.B、TodisapprovethetheoryclaimedbyLozanov.C、TosupportLoanov’stheoryaboutmethodoflearningisscientific.D、Toidentifystudents’IQ.标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。为什么作者提到外语学习?定位于原文第三段。第一句“Thesuggestopedicapproachtoforeignlanguagelearningprovidesagoodillustration．”意为，外语教学中的暗示法便是很好的证明。即选项C，是为了证明暗示法的科学性。4、WhatarethevariablesincludedintheexampleofsuggstopedicapproachinParagraph3?A、Musicandtextbook.B、Musicandteachers’speakingvoice.C、Textbookandteachers’speakingvoice.D、Textbookandattention.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。题干意为，第三段暗示法的例子中包含的变量有哪些?根据第三段可知，在暗示教学法下，教师会伴随着音乐旋律来朗读课文。分成两部分．第一次是古典音乐配缓慢的语调；第二次是巴洛克音乐配平速语音。可知，其中的变量包括音乐与教师的语音。5、WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A、Thesuggestopediaapproachhasbeenfamoustosomeextentinthefieldoflanguageteaching.B、Teachersprefersuggestopediatotraditionalapproaches.C、Thestudentshavenotbeenusedtobeingtaughtinsuggestopediaapproachyet.D、OtherteachersareunabletoachievethesamesuccessasLozanov.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。文章最后一段，第一句意为，尽管现代语言教学里暗示法有了一定的名气，但很少有老师取得了与Lozanov和他同伙人那样显著的成绩。由此可推断，老师们并不是都宁愿使用暗示法而不是传统的教学方法，选项B错误。选项A对应最后一段首句前半部分。选项C对应最后一段第三句。选项D对应最后一段第一句后半部分。Withthundercloudsloomingoverthetrans-Atlanticeconomy,itwaseasytomissabrightpieceofnewslastweekendfromtheothercruciblepartofworldtrade,thePacificRim.InHonolulu,whereBarackObamahostedasummitofAsia-Pacificleaders,Canada,JapanandMexicoexpressedinterestinjoiningninecountries(America,Australia,Brunei,Chile,Malaysia,NewZealand,Peru,SingaporeandVietnam)indiscussingafree-tradepact.Altogether,thepossiblemembersoftheTrans-PacificPartnership(TPP)(环太平洋组织)produce40%ofworldGDP—farmorethantheEuropeanUnion.ThecreationofawiderTPPisstillsomewayoff.Forittocomeintobeingitsarchitects—MrObama,whofacesatoughelectionbattlenextyear,andJapan'sYoshihikoNoda,whofacespoliticslacedwithpassionateprotectionism—needtoshowmoreleadership.MrNoda'sannouncementonNovember11ththatJapanwasinterestedinjoiningtheTPPnegotiationswasanexceedinglyboldmove.SigningupwouldmeandramaticchangesinJapan,acountrywhichhas800%tariffsonrice,andexports65vehiclestoAmericaforeveryonethatissenttoJapan.Mr.Noda'smovecouldalsotransformtheprospectsoftheTPP,mostobviouslybyunitingtwooftheworld'sleadingthreeeconomiesbutalsobystimulatingothers.Untilheexpressedaninterest,CanadaandMexicohadalsoremainedonthesidelines.Unwittinglyornot,Mr.NodahasthrustJapanintoacentralpositiononatradetreatyinwhichfreemovementofeverythingexceptlabourisonthetable.HugeobstaclesloomforMr.Noda.HecameintoofficeinSeptembercastinghimselfasapeacemakerofJapan'swarringpoliticalfactions.ManyofthosegroupsareopposedtotheTPP.Farmco-operatives,arguethatitwouldrobJapanofitsriceheritage.DoctorswarnoftheriskstoJapan'scherishedhealthsystem.Mr.NodawillhavetodealnotjustwithoppositionfromrivalpartiesbutalsowithasplitontheissueinsidehisDemocraticPartyofJapan.ItisalsoatestforMr.Obama'snewstrategyofcopingwithChina'srisebyplacingAmericanforeignpolicymoretowardsAsia.HemuststanduptotheunionsinthecarindustrywhichhavelongcomplainedabouttheimbalanceoftradewithJapan.Heshouldenergeticallypromotethepotentialgainsforjobsofhispro-Asiastrategy—bothathomeandabroad.AmericashouldalsostressthattheTPPismeanttoengageandincorporateChina,ratherthanconstrainit.6、What’sthegoodnewsaccordingtothepassage?A、Manynewcountrieshaverecoveredfromtheeconomiccrisis.B、NinecountieswilljointheTTP.C、Canada,JapanandMexicoexpressedinterestinjoiningtheTTP.D、Obamawillwinthenextelection.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的goodnews可以定位到第一段中的itwaseasytomissabrightpieceofnewslastweekendfromtheothercruciblepartofworldtrade，thePacificRim．InHonolulu，whereBarackObamahostedasummitofAsia-Pacificleaders，Canada，JapanandMexicoexpressedinterestinioiningninecountries，由此可知好消息就是加拿大、日本和墨西哥表现了加入环太平洋组织的兴趣。因此，正确答案是C。7、Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A、Mr.Obamawillfaceatoughelectionnextyear.B、YoshihikoNodaandObamaneedmoresupportfrombusinessmen.C、BothNodaandObamaplayimportantrolesinwideningTTP.D、ThecreationofawiderTPPisveryeasytoachieve.标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。根据题干中的thesecondparagraph可以直接定位到第二段Forittocomeintobeingitsarchitects--MrObama，whofacesatoughelectionbattlenextyear，andJapan’sYoshihikoNoda，whofacespoliticslacedwithpassionateprotectionism--needtoshowmoreleadership，从这里可以看出奥巴马和Noda是环太平洋组织的建筑师，由此推测他们两个在扩大这一组织中扮演了重要角色。因此，正确答案是C。8、What’stheinfluenceonTTPifJapanjoinsit?A、Itwillgreatlyenhanceitspoliticalinfluence.B、Itwillstimulateothercountriestojoinit.C、Japaneseexportwillbeaffected.D、TTPwillbemorepowerfulinmilitaryfield.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据题干可以定位到第三段中的MrNoda’smovecouldalsotransformtheprospectsoftheTPP．mostobviouslybyunitingtwooftheworld’sthreeleadingeconomiesbutalsobystimulatingothers．从这句话可以看出日本的加入会联合世界上三大经济体中的两个，同时也会刺激其他国家加入。A选项不正确。是经济方面不是政治方面。B选项符合文章意思。因此，正确答案是B。9、WhichofthefollowingisnotamongobstaclesthatblockJapan’sjoiningTTP?A、Japan’swarringpoliticalfactions.B、Farmco-operatives.C、Doctors.D、AllthemembersfromtheDemocraticPartyofJapan.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的obstacles和Japan可以定位到第四段中的HecameintoofficeinSeptembercastinghimselfasapeacemakerofJapan’swarringpoliticalfactions．ManyofthosegroupsareopposedtotheTPP．Farmco—operatives，arguethatitwouldrobJapanofitsriceheritage．DoctorswarnoftheriskstoJapan’scherishedhealthsystem．MrNodawillhavetodealnotiustwithoppositionfromrivalpartiesbutalsowithasplitontheissueinsidehisDemocraticPartyofJapan．由此可知障碍主要来自农业互助组织、医生、民主党。所以D项不准确，不是全部。根据原文可知民主党内部对此形成不同意见，即一部分人反对。因此，正确答案是D。10、What’sthepassage’smainidea?A、AwiderTTP.B、MorecountrieswilljointheTTP.C、ObstaclesinbuildingawiderTTP.D、BenefitsinjoiningtheTTP.标准答案：C知识点解析：主旨题。这篇文章第一段讲了有几个国家要加入环太平洋组织．接下来的四段从美国和日本两个方面讲述该组织扩大存在的主要困难，所以主要讲的是扩大该组织存在的困难。因此，正确答案是C。OnNovember16thanumberofwell-knownmusicianswereonhandtohelpmarkthelaunchofGoogle'snewonlinemusicservice.Althoughtheinternetgiantisnotplanningtosnapanynecks,itwoulddearlyliketobreakthevice-likegripthatApplehasonthe$6.3billionayeardigital-musicbusinessthankstothesuccessofitsiTunesonlinestoreanddevicessuchastheiPod.Butdoingsowillnotbeeasy.Google'sdecisiontolaunchitsownmusicstoreisthelatestfiringinawiderconflictbeingwagedbythegiantsofthetechworld.Likespidersspinningvastwebs,Apple,AmazonandGooglearedoingtheirbesttocreatehuge"ecosystems"oftightlylinkedelectronicdevicesandonlineservicesthattrapconsumersanddiscouragethemfromswitchingtorivals'offerings.DigitalmusichasaspecialplaceinthesesystemsbecauseofitspopularityandbecauseApplehasshownthatitcanbeamoney-spinnertoo.HenceGoogle'sdeterminationtotakeonAppleandAmazon,whichisalsodevelopinganonline-musicbusinessofitsown.Earlierthisyear,GooglelaunchedMusicBeta,aservicelimitedtotheAmericanmarketthatletsconsumersuploadsongstoadigital"locker"onitsserversandthenlistentothemonanyPCwithawebconnectionoranymobiledeviceusingthesearchfirm'sAndroidoperatingsystem.Thisservicewillformpartofthecompany'sbroaderGoogleMusicoffering.AnotherelementofthisisanewonlinemusicstorethatwillbeputintheAndroidmarketplace.Althoughitisalatecomertothemusicmarket,Googlehopesotherbitsofitsecosystemwillhelpclosethegapwithitsbigrivals.Inparticular,itisbettingthattherapidspreadofAndroiddeviceswillcreateahugeaudience,anditwilluseitssocialnetwork,Google,tohelptodrivesales:userswhobuyindividualsongsorentirealbumsfromGoogle'sdigitalstorewillbeabletolettheirfriendsonGoogleplaythesamemusiconcewithouthavingtopayforit.GoogleisalsoofferingsomesongsfrombandssuchasTheRollingStonesandColdplayfreeinabidtogetpeopletotryitsnewservice.Theseadvantagesarenottobesniffedat.ButtheycannotdisguiseseveralweaknessesinGoogle'sstrategy.Thebiggestweaknessoftheseisthatithasbeenunabletostrikedealswithallofthecompaniesthatdominatethemusicindustry.ThefirmhassignedagreementswithUniversalMusicGroup,EMIGroup(whichUniversalhasjustsignedadealtobuy)andSonyMusicEntertainment,buthasbeenunabletodosowithWarnerMusicGroup.11、What’sthenewprojectofGoogleaccordingtothepassage?A、Anewonlineretailer.B、AniPod.C、Onlinemusicservice.D、TheiTunesonlinestore.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题目问的是谷歌的新项目，可以定位到第一段中的OnNovember16thanumberofwell-knownmusicianswereonhandtohelpmarkthelaunchofGoogle’snewonlinemusicservice，由此可以直接看出新项目是发行新的在线音乐服务。因此，正确答案是C。12、HowdoesMusicBetafunction?A、Peoplecandownloadsongsfromit.B、Peoplecanupdatenewsongsviait.C、Peoplecanlistentomusic.D、Peoplecanuploadsongsonitandthenlistentoit.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的MusicBeta可以定位到第三段中的MusicBeta，aservicelimitedtotheAmericanmarketthatletsconsumersuploadsongstoadigital“locker”onitsserversandthenlistentothemonanyPCwithawebconnectionoranymobiledeviceusingthesearchfirm’sAndroidoperatingsystem从中我们可以看出这个服务器可以让消费者上传歌曲，然后就可以通过电脑或是手机听歌。因此，正确答案是D。13、WhichofthefollowingcannotclosethegapwithGoogle’sbigrivals?A、Androiddevices.B、Socialnetwork.C、Offeringsomefreesongs.D、Google’sMusicBeta.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的closethegapwithGoogle’sbigrivals可以定位到文中倒数第二段。从文中Inparticular，itisberingthattherapidspreadofAndroiddeviceswillcreateahugeaudience，anditwilluseitssocialnetwork，Google，tohelptodrivesales：userswhobuyindividualsongsorentirealbumsfromGoogle’sdigitalstorewillbeabletolettheirfriendsonGoogleplaythesamemusiconcewithouthavingtopayforit．GoogleisalsoofferingsomesongsfrombandssuchasTheRollingStonesandColdplayfreeinabidtogetpeopletotryitsnewservice．可知前三项都可以缩短差距，D项是谷歌的产品，不是它缩短差距的策略。因此，正确答案是D。14、What’sthebiggestweaknessinGoogle’sstrategy?A、Itfailstosignagreementswithallthedominantmusiccompanies.B、ItlagsbehindApple.C、Thecompetitionfromothertechgiants.D、It’salatecomer.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的biggestweaknessinGoogle’sstrategy可以定位到最后一段中的Thebiggestweaknessoftheseisthatithasbeenunabletostrikedealswithallofthecompaniesthatdominatethemusicindustry。即它没有与主导音乐市场的所有音乐公司签约，因此，正确答案是A。15、Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A、Googlehasnoadvantage.B、Therearestillsomedifficulties.C、Thereareweaknessesinitsstrategy.D、Googlewillnotsucceed.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。题干直接提到最后一段，我们从这一段可以看到ButtheycannotdisguiseseveralweaknessesinGoogle’sstrategy，后面紧接着讲了它存在的缺陷，所以可以推断出还有一些困难需要克服，B符合。A项Googlehasnoadvantage与Theseadvantagesarenottobesniffedat相矛盾．不正确。C项Thereareweaknessesinitsstrategy不属于推断的内容。文中只是讲存在的问题，不表示谷歌的产品没优势，所以D项也不准确。因此，正确答案是B。Onequestionthatworriesmanyvisitorsto,awebsitedevotedtothedelightsanddifficultiesoflifewithahiddengun,iswhethertheir"concealed-carry"permitswillbevalidoutsidethestateinwhichtheyareissued.Cantheytaketheirgunsonholidaywiththem?Cantheypackthemintheircheckedbagsforaflight?WhatiftheirplaneisdivertedtoaspotlikeNewYork,whichmakesitexceedinglydifficulttocarryagun?Andiftheycannotbringtheirgunswiththem,howwilltheydefendthemselvesandtheirlovedoneswhenthreatened?Gun-rightsactivistshaveasimplesolution:requireallstatestohonouroneanother'sconcealed-carrypermits.Thereisnoreasontosuppose,saysAndrewArulanandamoftheNationalRifleAssociation(NRA),thatapersonconsideredfittocarryaguninonestatewouldsuddenlybecomeamenacetosocietyonenteringanother.TheHouseofRepresentativesagrees:earlierthismonthitapprovedabillthatwouldmakeonestate'spermitvalidinanyother,withtheexceptionofIllinoisandtheDistrictofColumbia,bothofwhichdonotallowconcealedweaponsatall.Opponentsofthemeasure,includingthemayorsandpolicechiefsofmanybigcities,sayitwillallowpeopletoavoidlocalrulesaboutwhocanobtainaconcealed-weaponpermit.Manystatesrequirepermit-holderstoundergosafetytraining,forexample,ordenypermitstoalcoholics;othersdonot.Fourstates—Alaska,Arizona,VermontandWyoming—donotrequireapermitatall,althoughthreeofthemdohelpfullyissuethemforuseoutsidethestate.Thequestionofwhichstateshavethecheapestandeasiest-to-obtainpermitsisanotherpopulartopicon.ItwillfalltotheSenatetodecide.JohnThune,aRepublicanfromSouthDakota,saysheisworkingongettingconcealedcarrythroughthechamber.Hewasalsotheleaderofthelastattempt,in2009,thatfelljusttwovotesshortofapproval.Conditionslookmorefavourablenow.SeveraloftheDemocratswhovotedagainstitthenhavesincebeenreplacedbyRepublicans,whotendtobekeenerongunrights.Others,suchasClaireMcCaskillofMissouri,arefacingdifficultre-electionbattlesingun-friendlystates.EvenBarackObama,themonsterofgun-rightsgroups,haswaveredonthesubjectofconcealedcarry.Heclaimedtoopposeitasacandidate,butthensignedalawpermittingitinnationalparksin2009.Mr.Obama,facingadifficultre-electionbattleofhisown,wouldprobablyprefernottooffendanyonebytakingeithersidethistime.HarryReid,theleaderoftheDemocraticmajorityintheSenate,couldwellgranthimhiswish,bypreventingthesubjectfromcomingtoavote.16、Whatisabout?A、Aboutalcoholics.B、Gun-rights.C、Delightsanddifficultiesoflifewithahiddengun.D、Concealed-carrypermits.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的defensivecarry．com可以定位到第一段中的Onequestionthatworriesmanyvisitorstodefensivecarry．com，awebsitedevotedtothedelightsanddifficultiesoflifewithahiddengun，由此可知这个网站关心的主要是携带武器的喜与忧，因此，正确答案是C。17、Whichofthefollowingstatesdonotrequireapermit?A、Alaska.B、Illinois.C、DistrictofColumbia.D、NewYork.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据题干，可以定位到文中第三段的Fourstates—Alaska，Arizona，VermontandWyoming--donotrequireapermitatall，可以直接看出阿拉斯加州不需要持枪证。因此，正确答案是A。18、Whysomepeopleopposethemeasureofrequiringallstatestohonourconcealed-carrypermits?A、Itwillallowpeopletoavoidlocalrulesaboutwhocanobtainaconcealed-weaponpermit.B、Itwillpromotemorepeoplecarryconcealedweapons.C、Itwillmakeworkdifficultformayorsandpolicechiefsofmanybigcities.D、Itmayallowalcoholicsandotherdangerouspeopletocarryguns.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。本题考查的是人们反对所有州都认可其他州持枪证的原因，可以定位到文中ponentsofthemeasure，includingthemayorsandpolicechiefsofmanybigcities，sayitwillallowpeopletoavoidlocalrulesaboutwhocanobtainaconcealed-weaponpermit，从这里可以看出主要原因是这样做会使一些人躲避地方的获取持枪证的相关规定。因此，正确答案是A。19、What’sObama’sattitudetowardstheissue?A、Totallyopposeit.B、Supportit.C、Notmentioned.D、Don’ttakeanyside.标准答案：D知识点解析：推断题。本题考查的是对于人物态度的分析，根据文中Heclaimedtoopposeitasacandidate，butthensignedalawpermittingitinnationalparksin2009．MrObama，facingadifficultre—electionbattleofhisown，wouldprobablyprefernottooffendanyonebytakingeithersidethistime．由此可以看出奥巴马对此不支持任何一方。因此，正确答案是D。20、Whichtitlesuitsthepassagebest?A、ShouldAllStatesHonorConcealed-weaponPermits?B、CanAlcoholicsCarryConcealedWeapons?C、DifficultiesofCarryingGuns.D、DifferentAttitudesTowardConcealedWeapons.标准答案：A知识点解析：主旨题。选文章的题目就是选文章的主要内容，本文主要讨论了应不应该所有的州都认可其他州的持枪证。列举了正反两方面的原因．以及支持者和反对者，因此，正确答案是A。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、仔细阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Ausefuldefinitionofanairpollutantisacompoundaddeddirectlyorindirectlybyhumanstotheatmosphereinsuchquantitiesastoaffecthumans,animals,vegetation,ormaterialadversely.Airpollutionrequiresaveryflexibledefinitionthatpermitscontinuouschange.WhenthefirstairpollutionlawswereestablishedinEnglandinthefourteenthcentury,airpollutantswerelimitedtocompoundsthatcouldbeseenorsmelled—afarcryfromtheextensivelistofharmfulsubstancesknowntoday.Astechnologyhasdevelopedandknowledgeofthehealthaspectsofvariouschemicalshasincreased,thelistofairpollutantshaslengthened.Inthefuture,evenwatervapourmightbeconsideredanairpollutantundercertainconditions.Manyofthemoreimportantairpollutants,suchassulphuroxides,carbonmonoxide,andnitrogenoxides,arefoundinnature.Astheearthdeveloped,theconcentrationsofthesepollutantswerealteredbyvariouschemicalreactions;theybecamecomponentsinbiogeochemicalcycles.Thesereactionsserveasanairpurificationschemebyallowingthecompoundstomovefromtheairtothewaterorsoil.Onaglobalbasis,nature'soutputofthesecompoundsdwarfsthatresultingfromhumanactivities.However,humanproductionusuallyoccursinalocalizedarea,suchasacity.Inthislocalizedregion,humanoutputmaybedominantandmaytemporarilyoverloadthenaturalpurificationschemeofthecycles.Theresultisanincreasedconcentrationofnoxiouschemicalsintheair.Theconcentrationsatwhichtheadverseeffectsappearwillbegreaterthantheconcentrationsthatthepollutantswouldhaveintheabsenceofhumanactivities.Theactualconcentrationneednotbelargeforasubstancetobeapollutant;infactthenumericalvaluetellsuslittleuntilweknowhowmuchofanincreasethisrepresentsovertheconcentrationthatwouldoccurnaturallyinthearea.Forexample,sulphurdioxidehasdetectablehealtheffectsat0.08partspermillion(ppm),whichisabout400timesitsnaturallevel.Carbonmonoxide,however,hasanaturallevelof0.1ppmandisnotusuallyapollutantuntilitslevelreachesabout15ppm.1、Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A、watervapourisanairpollutantinlocalizedareasB、thedefinitionofanairpollutantwillcontinuetochangeC、asubstancebecomesanairpollutantonlyincitiesD、mostairpollutantstodaycanbeseenorsmelled标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据文章第一段Airpoilutionrequiresaveryflexibledefinitionthatpermitscontinuouschange．“空气污染物的定义要求具有灵活性以适应不断的变化”和B选项“空气污染物的定义会继续发生变化”的表达一致。所以答案选B。2、Whateffectdidthedevelopmentofearthhaveontheairpollutantssuchascarbonmonoxide?A、Theirharmtohumanactivitiesbecamemoreserious.B、Theirabilitytopurifyairwasimprovedalot.C、Theirconcentrationswerechangedbychemicalreactions.D、Theirquantitiesintheairweremainlyfromhumanactivities.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据carbonmonoxide可定位到第二段Astheearthdeveloped，theconcentrationsofthesepollutantswerealteredbyvariouschemicalreactions；theybecamecomponentsinbiogeochemicalcycles．Theseserveasanairpurificationschemebyallowingthecompoundstomovefromtheairtothewaterorsoil．“随着地球的发展，这些污染物的浓度会随着各种化学反应而发生改变：他们成为了生物地球化学循环的组成部分。这些循环使得这些化合物从空气中转移到水中或土壤中，从而达到净化空气的作用。”和C选项内容一致，其中changed和原文altered为同义转换，所以答案选C。3、Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowabouthuman-generatedairpollutionincities?A、Itisthemostseriouspollutionintheenvironment.B、Itmayoverburdenthenaturalsystemthatpurifiespollutants.C、Itwillreactharmfullywithnaturallyoccurringpollutants.D、Itwilldamageareasoutsidethelocalizedregions.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据human-generatedairpollution将答案定位到第三段Inthislocalizedregion，humanoutputmaybedominantandmaytemporarilyoverloadthenaturalpurificationschemeofthecycles．“在这些局部区域．污染物可能主要来自人类活动。而且可能会暂时超出自然循环的净化能力。”可知选项B是对原文的同义转述，其中overburden和原文的overload互为近义词。所以答案选B。4、Theauthorputsforwardtheexamplesofsulphurdioxideandcarbonmonoxideatlasttoshowthat______.A、sulphurdioxideismoredangerousthancarbonmonoxideB、sulphurdioxideislessdangerousthancarbonmonoxideC、thenumericalvalueofnoxiouschemicalsintheairisnotthekeyindefiningpollutionD、itneedsagreatincreaseinconcentrationfornoxiouschemicalsintheairtobepollutants标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据原文第三段最后三句“实际上，浓度值并不能告诉我们什么，除非我们能知道这个浓度值相对于这种物质在该地区自然状态下的浓度的增长幅度。比如．当每百万个气体分子中含有0．08个二氧化硫气体分子时，人体就会明显感到不适。这个浓度大约是正常浓度的400倍。而一氧化碳的正常浓度是百万分之零点一．在不超过百万分之十五时就不算污染物。”可知化学物质的浓度值不是界定污染物的关键．和选项C的表述一致。所以答案选C。5、Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.A、howgaschemicalsbecomeairpollutantsB、howmuchdamageairpollutantscancauseC、thedefinitionofanairpollutantD、thequantityofcompoundsaddedtotheatmosphere标准答案：A知识点解析：主旨题。本文首段给出了空气污染物的定义，第二段介绍了许多有害的化学物质．它们造成的污染大都是因人类活动产生，第三段解释化学物质如何成为空气污染物。相较其他选项，选项A概括性强。所以答案选A。Asaphysicianwhotravelsquiteabit,Ispendalotoftimeonplaneslisteningforthatdreaded"Isthereadoctoronboard?"announcement.I'vebeencalledonlyonce—forawomanwhohadmerelyfainted.Buttheincidentmademecuriousabouthowoftenthiskindofthinghappens.IwonderedwhatIwoulddoifconfrontedwitharealmid-airmedicalemergency—withoutaccesstoahospitalstaffandtheusualemergencyequipment.SowhentheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinelastweekpublishedastudyaboutin-flightmedicalevents,Ireaditwithinterest.Thestudyestimatedthatthereareanaverageof30in-flightmedicalemergenciesonUSflightseveryday.Mostofthemarenotgrave:fainting,dizzinessandhyperventilationarethemostfrequentcomplaints.But13%ofthem—roughlyfouraday—areseriousenoughtorequireapilottochangecourse.Themostcommonoftheseriousemergenciesincludehearttrouble(46%),strokesandotherneurologicalproblems(18%),anddifficultybreathing(6%).Let'sfaceit:planeridesarestressful.Forstarters,cabinpressuresathighaltitudesaresetatroughlywhattheywouldbeifyoulivedat5000to8000feetabovesealevel.Mostpeoplecantoleratethesepressuresprettyeasily,butpassengerswithheartdiseasemayexperiencechestpainsasaresultofthereducedamountofoxygenflowingthroughtheirblood.Lowpressurecanalsocausetheairinbodycavitiestoexpand—asmuchas30%.Again,mostpeoplewon'tnoticeanythingbeyondmildstomachcramping.Butifyou'verecentlyhadanoperation,yourwoundcouldopenandifamedicaldevicehasbeenimplantedinyourbody—asplint,atracheotomytubeoracatheter—itcouldexpandandcauseinjury.Anothercommonin-flightproblemisdeepvenousthrombosis—theso-calledeconomy-classsyndrome.Whenyousittoolonginacrampedposition,thebloodinyourlegstendstoclot.Mostpeoplejustgetsorecalves.Butbloodclots,leftuntreated,couldtraveltothelungs,causingbreathingdifficultiesandevendeath.Suchclotsarereadilypreventedbykeepingbloodflowing;walkandstretchyourlegswhenpossible.Whateveryoudo,don'tpanic.Thingsarelookinguponthein-flight-emergencyfront.Doctorswhocometopassengers'aidusedto