河北省保定市部分高中2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高二英语考试注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Atwhattimewasthefireputout?A.Twoo’clock. B.Fouro’clock. C.Fiveo’clock.【答案】C【解析】【详解】W:Iheardthefirebrokeoutattwointhemorning.M:That’sright.Andthefiremancouldn’tputitoutuntilfiveo’clock.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Snowy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M:It’srainingagain.Theweatherreportsaysit’sgoingtosnowtonight.Idon’tlikethiskindofweather.W:Butit’sgoingtobesunnythisweekend.【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhosecardoesJennyhavenow?A.Herfather’scar. B.Hermother’scar. C.Herowncar.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Wow,Jenny.Iheardyougotanewcar.W:Ha-ha,no!Ihaven’tpickedmineupyet.Mymotherdrovemydadtowork,soIhavehiscarfortoday.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atanairport. B.Inafactory. C.Inaclassroom.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Don’tforgettostudyforthetestonThursday.M:Excuseme,Mrs.Simon,butyesterdayyousaidthetestwouldbeonMonday.W:Oh,yes.You’reright.Thankyouforcorrectingme.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howwillthespeakersprobablygohome?A.Bybus. B.Bytaxi. C.Bysubway.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:ThisisthemostwonderfulpartyIhaveevervisited.Wow,it’salmost12o’clock.Howcanwegethome?It’ssolateandthebusesandsubwayshaveallstoppedrunning.W:Itlooksasthoughwehavenochoicebuttocallataxi.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhatdoesthemaninvitethewomantodothisSaturday?A.Havelunch. B.Dosomeshopping. C.Gotoagalleryopening.7.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknowattheend?A.Whattowear.B.Howtogetthedestination.C.Whentocomeback.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:Donna,there’sagalleryopeningonSaturday.Iwonderifyou’dliketogowithme.W:I’dloveto.ButIhavetogotothesupermarketwithmymomonSaturdayafternoon.M:I’llpickyouupat9:00andtakeyouhomebynoon.How’sthat?W:Thatsoundsfine.I’veneverbeentoagalleryopeningbefore.What’sitlike?M:Allyouhavetodoistostandaround,lookattheart,drinksomewine,andeattinysandwiches.Maybewe’llcomeacrosssomefamouspeople.W:Well,whatshouldIwear?M:Peoplewillbeprettydressedup,butdon’tworry.Youwillbefineinthisdress.W:OK.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhatiswrongwithKathy?A.Sheisupsetbecauseshefailedtheexam.B.SheisworriedaboutherclassmateDon.C.Shecan’tgetonwellwithherfather.9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Midtermexams. B.Schooleducation. C.Pressurefromparents.【答案】8.B9.C【解析】【原文】M:Kathy,you’vebeenalittlequietsinceyoucamein.Isanythingwrong?W:Oh,I’vejustbeenthinkingaboutmyclassmateDon.M:What’sthematter?W:Hefailedthemidtermexams,anddecidedtodropoutofschool.Buthisfatherexpectedtoseehisgoodgrades.M:Isee.Sohecouldn’tdealwiththepressure?W:Right.Hisfatherexpectednothingbuthighmarks.Donhadtriedhisbest.M:Ithinkit’swrongforparentstopressuretheirchildrenlikethat.W:Iagree.Donsaidthathisfatherneverstoppedaddingthepressure.M:Itmakesthingsworse.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hegotaraise.B.Hejustgotanewjob.C.Hemovedintoanewhouse.11.WhatkindofTVsetdoesthewomansuggest?A.Asmallone. B.Abigone. C.Acheapone.12.Whydoesthewomangivethemansuchasuggestion?A.Priceswillgoupsoon.B.Newproductscomeouteveryyear.C.Hislivingroomisn’tverybig.【答案】10.C11.A12.C【解析】【详解】M:We’vejustmovedintoanewhouse.W:Really?Congratulations!M:Thankyou.Ithinkwewanttobuyanewtelevisionset.W:Whatkindoftelevisiondoyouwanttobuy?M:AcolorTVset,ofcourse,butI’mnotsureaboutthesize.Maybeweshouldbuyabigone.Ifwebuyasmallone,wemighthavetoexchangeitinafewyearsforabiggerone.Thatwouldbeawasteofmoney.What’syouropinion?W:Inmyopinion,Idon’tthinkit’snecessarytobuyaverybigone.M:Anyparticularreasons?W:Yes.AsfarasIknow,yourlivingroomisn’tverybig.Ifyouputaverybigtelevisionthere,itwillbebadforyoureyes.Besides,asmallTVsetcanstillpickupthesameprograms.M:Hmm,that’squitetrue.I’llthinkitoveragain.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whereisthemeatshelf?A.Inthebackofthestore.B.Totheleftofthespeaker.C.Ontheothersidefromthebakery.14.Howoftendoesthemangotothesupermarket?A.Onceaweek. B.Onceamonth. C.Onceafortnight,15.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Findsomeorangesforhim.B.Helporganizethelocations.C.Reporthisopinionwithhermanager.16.Whatisthemanlikelytobuy?A.Soap. B.Bread. C.Pork.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,sir.Youlooklikeyou’relookingforsomething.CanIhelpyou?M:Yes.Thewayisreallydifferentfromusual.W:Yes,wemadesomechanges.Forexample,themeatshelfusedtobeontheothersideofthestore,butnowthemeatsectionisinthebackofthestore.M:Nowonder.Icomehereonceamonth.W:Whatdoyouthinkthewayitlooks?M:Well,tobehonest,it’snotaseasyformetofindthethingsIneed.Iliketheoldwaybetter.W:Well,I’llkeepitinmindandbringitupwithmymanager.IsthereanythingIcouldhelpyoufind?M:Ireallyneedsomethingforthebathroom.WherewouldIfindthose?W:Ongoodsshelffour.M:Great!I’malsolookingforsomeoranges,butIcanseethefruitsjusttotheleftoverthere.I’llletyouknowifIneedanymorehelp.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whoisthebookfor?A.Youngchildren. B.Parents. C.Teachers.18.WhathappenstoVanessaonherfirstdayinschool?A.Sheisbadlytreatedbyanotherchild.B.Sheplayspoorlyinthegames.C.Shespendshertimealone.19.HowdoesVanessa’sclassmatehelpher?A.Bywalkingtogetherwithher.B.Byinvitingherfordinner.C.Bytellingherwhattodo.20.Whatmightthespeakerbedoing?A.Readinghernewpicturebook.B.Hostingaradioprogram.C.Givingaclass.【答案】17.A18.C19.A20.B【解析】【原文】W:Goodevening,everyone.Intonight’sBookTime,I’dliketointroduceoneofthebestchildren’sbooks.ThebookisIWalkWithVanessa.Thiswonderfulwordlesspicturebookisforlittleonesaged5to10yearsold.Ittellsthestoryofanewgirlinschool,Vanessa.Thenewgirlspendsherfirstdayinschoolallbyherself.Shedoesnotjoininthegames,neitherdoesshetakepartintheclassroomactivities.Assoonasschoolisover,sheleavesquickly.Onherwayhome,sheisbadlytreatedbyanotherchild.Agirlinherclassseesthisincident.Thatgirlspendstheentireeveningthinkingaboutwhatshesaw,andwhatshecandotohelp.Inthemorningofthenextday,shehasanidea.ShegoestoVanessa’shomeandwalkswithhertoschool.Friendsjointhewalk,andsoontheentireschooliswalkingwithVanessa.Thiswonderfulpicturebookteacheschildrenwhattodoiftheyseesomeonebadlytreatedbyothers.Anditalsoteacheschildrenthatasimpleactofkindnesscanreallyhelp.Thankyouforlisteningtoourprogramme.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEveryyear,millionsofpeoplewatchtennisgamestocelebratethespiritoftennis.Herearefourmajortennisevents,whicharealsoknownastheGrandSlamtournaments(大满贯赛事),helpingyouknowthesportbetter.TheUSOpenTheUSOpen,thefourthGrandSlamofthetennisyear,hasitsrootsin1881.ItisheldattheUSTABillieJeanKingNationalTennisCenterinNewYork,usuallybetweenlateAugustandearlySeptember.Playedonhardcourts,theUSOpenisknownforitshardplayingsurface,whichrewardspowerfulservesandaggressiveplay.TheFrenchOpenTheFrenchOpen,alsoknownastheRoland-Garrostournament,datingbackto1891.ItisheldannuallyattheStadeRoland-GarrosinParis,typicallybetweenlateMayandearlyJune.Thetournamentisplayedonclaycourts(红土网球场),whichareknownforslowpaceandhighbounce,favoringplayerswithstrongbaselineplayandgoodslidingperformance.TheAustralianOpenTheAustralianOpenortheAO,thecalendaryear’sfirstGrandSlam,beganin1905.Ithasevolvedintoamajoreventinprofessionaltennisplaying,heldannuallyinMelbourne,inJanuary.Playedonhardcourts,theAOisfamousforitshotandoftenwindyconditions,whichtestplayers’adaptabilityandendurance(忍耐力).TheChampionships,WimbledonKnownforthegrasscourts,ithasbeenheldsince1877inWimbledon,London,whichisalsocelebratedforitsfastplayandthestricttraditionofwearingall-whiteattire(服装).ThetournamenttakesplaceannuallyinlateJuneandearlyJuly.Itsuniqueseedingsystemandthehighhonourassociatedwithwinningthetitlemakeitoneoftheprizeseachwantsintennis.21.WhatdotheUSOpenandtheAustralianOpenhaveincommon?A.Thetypeofthecourtisthesame. B.Theslow-pacedplayersbenefitmore.C.Theorigindatesfromthe1900s. D.Thegameisunaffectedbytheweather.22.Whichcompetitionsitefeaturesthereddirt?A.TheUSOpen. B.TheFrenchOpen.C.TheAustralianOpen. D.TheChampionships,Wimbledon.23.WhatisspecialabouttheChampionships,Wimbledon?A.Itallowsparticipantstowearcolourfulclothing.B.Itofferstheplayingfieldwithgrassasahighlight.C.Itisregardedasthehardestoneinthetennisworld.D.ItrunsasthelastoneintheyearlyGrandSlamgames.【答案】21.A22.B23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四大网球大满贯赛事：美国网球公开赛、法国网球公开赛、澳大利亚网球公开赛和温布尔登网球锦标赛。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据TheUSOpen部分中“Playedonhardcourts,theUSOpenisknownforitshardplayingsurface,whichrewardspowerfulservesandaggressiveplay.(美国网球公开赛在硬地球场举行，以其硬地场地而闻名，这有利于有力的发球和积极的比赛)”和TheAustralianOpen部分中“Playedonhardcourts,theAOisfamousforitshotandoftenwindyconditions,whichtestplayers’adaptabilityandendurance(忍耐力).(澳网在硬地球场进行比赛，以炎热和经常刮风的天气而闻名，这是对球员适应能力和耐力的考验)”可知，美国网球公开赛和澳大利亚网球公开赛的共同点是它们都是在硬地球场上进行的。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据TheFrenchOpen部分中“Thetournamentisplayedonclaycourts(红土网球场),whichareknownforslowpaceandhighbounce,favoringplayerswithstrongbaselineplayandgoodslidingperformance.(比赛在红土球场进行，红土球场以慢节奏和高弹跳而闻名，有利于底线击球有力和滑球表现良好的球员)”可知，法国网球公开赛的场地是红土网球场。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据TheChampionships,Wimbledon部分中“Knownforthegrasscourts,ithasbeenheldsince1877inWimbledon,London,whichisalsocelebratedforitsfastplayandthestricttraditionofwearingall-whiteattire(服装).(这项赛事以草地球场而闻名，自1877年以来一直在伦敦温布尔登举行，温布尔登也以其快速的比赛和身穿全白服装的严格传统而闻名)”可知，提供草地场地是温布尔登网球锦标赛的特色。故选B项。B“WhenIwasyoung,ItoldmymotherthatIwouldgotoChinatolearnkungfuoneday.Shedidn’tbelieveitatthetime.WhenIgotthere,Iimmediatelycalledherandsaid,‘Mom,guesswhereIam.I’mattheShaolinTemple!’,”saysMaxYollando,ayoungmanfromCoted’Ivoire,sharinghisattachmentforChineseculture.YollandoisalsoknownasYanmingtheChinesenamehewasgivenbyhisteacherattheShaolinTemple,wherethe“Shaolinkungfu”wasborn,andwhichtodayislikeamagnet(磁铁)forfansfromallovertheworld.Atthetime,YollandowasastudentattheFelixHouphouet-BoignyUniversityinAbidjan.MotivatedbyhispassionforChineseculture,hesignedupattheConfuciusInstitutetostudyChinese.Inlate2016,hehadtheopportunitytovisitthetempleinHenanProvinceonathree-monthexchange.ThisexperiencedefinedhiscloserelationshipwithtraditionalChineseculture.AfterreturningtoCoted’Ivoire,YollandocontinuedtopracticeChineseandstudytraditionalChineseculture.InJuly2017,hereturnedtotheShaolinTempleagainandremainedthereforsixyears.Hisyearsatthetemplereading,exercising,practicingkungfuandmeditation(冥想)greatlychangedhim,andallowedhimtobetterunderstandandappreciatetraditionalChineseculture.HesaysthemostimpressivethingshenoticedthatrootedinChineseculturearetheloveofwork,respectandrecognition.Attheendof2022,whenhecompletedhisstudiesatthetemple,hebeganworkingataShaolinculturalcenterinZambia.ThefirstofitskindinAfrica,thecenterishometo30orphans(孤儿),whoaretaughtChineselanguageandtraditionalChineseculture,includingkungfu,aspartofthecourse.ForYollando,thepurposeofstudyingChineseculturewastobeabletoreturntoAfricatointroduceChinesevaluestohiscompatriots(同胞).“TheculturefascinatedmebecauseinChina,peoplemakeanefforttoworkbetter,andtheyareveryrespectfulandgratefultotheirfamilyandcountry,”hesays.24.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“attachment”inparagraph1?A.Confusion. B.Disappointment. C.Affection. D.Investigation.25.WhatmadeYollandotrulyrelatedtotraditionalChineseculture?A.LearningChineseattheConfuciusInstitute.B.VisitingtheShaolinTempleinHenanProvince.C.ReadingtraditionalChineseculturebooks.D.WorkingataShaolinculturalcenter.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeYollando?A.Brave. B.Determined. C.Humorous. D.Organized.27.WhatcanwelearnabouttheShaolinculturalcenterinZambia?A.ItscoursesareallaboutChineseculture. B.ItwasfundedbytheShaolinTemple.C.Itisanofficialauthorizedagency. D.Itisacharity.【答案】24.C25.B26.B27.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了来自科特迪瓦的MaxYollando从小热爱中国功夫，在少林寺学习了六年，回到非洲后，他致力于传播中国传统文化。【24题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“WhenIwasyoung,ItoldmymotherthatIwouldgotoChinatolearnkungfuoneday.Shedidn’tbelieveitatthetime.WhenIgotthere,Iimmediatelycalledherandsaid,‘Mom,guesswhereIam.I’mattheShaolinTemple!’(我小时候告诉妈妈，有一天我会去中国学习功夫。当时她不相信。当我到了那里，我立刻打电话给她说，‘妈妈，猜猜我在哪里。我在少林寺！’)”可推知，这是MaxYollando在分享自己对中国文化的喜爱，推测划线单词表示“喜爱”，与Affection意义相近。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inlate2016,hehadtheopportunitytovisitthetempleinHenanProvinceonathree-monthexchange.ThisexperiencedefinedhiscloserelationshipwithtraditionalChineseculture.(2016年底，他有机会参观了河南省的寺庙，进行了为期三个月的交流。这段经历决定了他与中国传统文化的密切关系)”可知，参观河南少林寺并进行交流这一经历使得MaxYollando接触中国传统文化，真正与中国传统文化紧密相连。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenIwasyoung,ItoldmymotherthatIwouldgotoChinatolearnkungfuoneday.Shedidn’tbelieveitatthetime.WhenIgotthere,Iimmediatelycalledherandsaid,‘Mom,guesswhereIam.I’mattheShaolinTemple!’(我小时候告诉妈妈，有一天我会去中国学习功夫。当时她不相信。当我到了那里，我立刻打电话给她说，‘妈妈，猜猜我在哪里。我在少林寺！’)”、第三段“Inlate2016,hehadtheopportunitytovisitthetempleinHenanProvinceonathree-monthexchange.ThisexperiencedefinedhiscloserelationshipwithtraditionalChineseculture.(2016年底，他有机会参观了河南省的寺庙，进行了为期三个月的交流。这段经历决定了他与中国传统文化的密切关系)”以及第四段“InJuly2017,hereturnedtotheShaolinTempleagainandremainedthereforsixyears.Hisyearsatthetemplereading,exercising,practicingkungfuandmeditationgreatlychangedhim,andallowedhimtobetterunderstandandappreciatetraditionalChineseculture.(2017年7月，他再次回到少林寺，在那里待了六年。他在寺庙读书、锻炼、练习功夫和冥想的岁月极大地改变了他，让他更好地理解和欣赏中国传统文化)”可知，Yollando从小就热爱中国功夫，并一直不断学习中国功夫，由此可推知，Yollando是坚持不懈、有决心的。故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Attheendof2022,whenhecompletedhisstudiesatthetemple,hebeganworkingataShaolinculturalcenterinZambia.ThefirstofitskindinAfrica,thecenterishometo30orphans(孤儿),whoaretaughtChineselanguageandtraditionalChineseculture,includingkungfu,aspartofthecourse.(2022年底，当他在少林寺完成学业后，他开始在赞比亚的一个少林文化中心工作。该中心是非洲第一个这样的中心，是30名孤儿的家，他们在课程中学习汉语和中国传统文化，包括功夫)”可知，赞比亚的少林文化中心是30名孤儿的家，是一家慈善机构。故选D。CRecently,asajournalist,Ihavepublishedmanystoriesaboutsocialmedia,privacyandartificialintelligence(AI),amongotherthings.Sowhenachatbot(聊天机器人)toldmethatmyoutputmayhaveinfluenceditsresponsestootherpeople’sprompts(提示),Irushedtowipemydatafromitsmemory.Iquicklydiscovered,however,thereisnodeletebutton.AI-poweredchatbots,whicharetrainedondatasetsincludingvastnumbersofwebsitesandonlinearticles,neverforgetwhattheyhavelearned.Thatmeanschatbotsarepossibletoletoutsensitivepersonalinformation,ifithasappearedonline,andthatthecompaniesbehindtheseAIswillstruggletomakegoodon“right-to-be-forgotten”regulations,whichforceorganizationstoremovepersonaldataonrequest.ItalsomeanswearepowerlesstostophackerscontrollingAIoutputsby.plantingmisinformationorillinstructionsintrainingdata.AlloftheseexplainwhymanycomputerscientistsarebusyteachingAIstoforget.Whiletheyarefindingthatitisextremelydifficult,“machineunlearning”solutionsarebeginningtoappear.Andtheworkcouldprovevitalbeyondaddressingconcernsoverprivacyandmisinformation.ThenewgenerationofAI-poweredchatbots,whichproducetextinresponsetoourprompts,aresupportedbylargelanguagemodels.Thesearetrainedonmountainsofdata,mostofwhichisdownloadedfromtheInternet.Fromthis,theylearntospotstatistical(统计的)patterns,whichmeanstheycanpredictthelikeliestnextwordinasentence,producingfluentanswerstooureveryquestion.ThetroubleisthewayAIchatbotswork,whichmeansthatwhentheylearnsomething,itcan’tbeforgotten.Thiscreatesasignificantproblemwhenitcomestoprivacy,asDr.Zhangmadeclearinrecentresearch.HehighlightedhowdifficultitwillbeforAIcompaniestoobeythe“righttobeforgotten”,whichtheEuropeanUniondeclaredin2014.28.Whatcauseschatbotstostorewhattheyhavelearnedforever?A.Theirstorageoftrainingdata. B.Theirusers’prompt.C.Strongreviewability. D.Lackofadeletebutton.29.WhydomanycomputerscientiststrytoteachAItoforget?A.Tocopyhumancompletely. B.Tostorelimitedinformation.C.Toupdateregularly. D.Toreducesecurityrisks.30.Whatcanweknowaboutthechatbotsfromparagraph3?A.Theycananswereachquestioncorrectly.B.Theylearnfromthedesigners’limiteddata.C.Theymakeresponsebasedontheprompts.D.Theycanpredictlanguagemodels’future.31.WhatproblemdidDr.ZhanghighlightforAIcompanies?A.Thedifficultyinfollowingthe“righttobeforgotten”.B.ThelackoftechnologicaladvancementsinAI.C.TheoppositionfromtheEuropeanUnion.D.Theconcernsofprivacy.【答案】28.A29.D30.C31.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人工智能出现给人们带来便利的同时，给用户的隐私泄露也增加了一定的风险和隐患。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“AI-poweredchatbots,whicharetrainedondatasetsincludingvastnumbersofwebsitesandonlinearticles,neverforgetwhattheyhavelearned.”(聊天机器人是基于大量网站和在线文章的数据集进行训练的，这种训练方式导致它们永远记住所学内容。)可知，训练数据的存储导致聊天机器人永远存储它们学到的东西。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thatmeanschatbotsarepossibletoletoutsensitivepersonalinformation,ifithasappearedonline,andthatthecompaniesbehindtheseAIswillstruggletomakegoodon“right-to-be-forgotten”regulations,whichforceorganizationstoremovepersonaldataonrequest.ItalsomeanswearepowerlesstostophackerscontrollingAIoutputsbyplantingmisinformationorillinstructionsintrainingdata.”(这意味着聊天机器人有可能泄露敏感的个人信息，如果这些信息已经出现在网上，而这些人工智能背后的公司将难以履行“被遗忘权”的规定，这些规定迫使组织根据要求删除个人数据。这也意味着我们无力阻止黑客通过在训练数据中植入错误信息或错误指令来控制人工智能的输出。)可知，可知，科学家们试图教AI忘记是为了减少安全风险。故选D。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThenewgenerationofAI-poweredchatbots,whichproducetextinresponsetoourprompts,aresupportedbylargelanguagemodels.”(新一代的人工智能聊天机器人，根据我们的提示生成文本，由大型语言模型支持。)可知，他们根据提示做出回应。故选C。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“HehighlightedhowdifficultitwillbeforAIcompaniestoobeythe“righttobeforgotten”,whichtheEuropeanUniondeclaredin2014.”(他强调，人工智能公司要遵守欧盟(EuropeanUnion)在2014年宣布的“被遗忘权”(righttobeforgotten)是多么困难。)可知，张博士对人工智能公司强调了遵循“被遗忘权”的困难。故选A。DTodaywearefacingaglobalwatercrisis:TheUNannouncedfivebillionpeoplewillfacewatershortagesby2050.TheWorldResourcesInstitutestatedthatalmosthalfoftheworld'spopulationisfacinghighwaterstressforatleastonemonthayear.Withtheimpactsofclimatechangeworseningwatershortages,harvestingwaterfromairvapour(蒸气)hasbeenhighlyspokenofbysomeasasustainablesolutiontoglobalfreshwaterinsecurity.PHANTORisaninnovationharvestingwaterfromairvapour.DesignedbytheAustrianstudioDOIT,the40-footlongatmosphericwatergeneratorcanharvest10,000litersofwateradayfromambienthumidity—enoughwatertosupplyaresidentialapartmentblockorhospital.Theatmosphericwatergeneratorsucksinwatervapourandcondenses(凝结)itintoliquidusingacoolingsystempoweredbyelectricityorsolarenergy.Thewaterpassesthroughcarbonandbacterialfilters.Beingavailableintwocompactsizes,40-footand20-footshippingcontainers,makesthemhighlyportablecomparedtoothergeneratormodels.Thismobilitygivesthemthepotentialtoreachremotecommunities,respondtodisastersandservewater-stressedagriculturalsiteseffectively.TheirtechnologywasrecentlyshowcasedattheGREENTECHFESTIVALinSingapore,wherethecompanyusedwaterfromthegeneratortowaterthelocalgardens.TheyestimatethatinaclimatelikeSingapore's,one40-footunitcanproduce2.8millionlitersperyear.Thisiscomparedto600,000litersthatcanbeproducedayearinaclimatelikeGermany's.However,oneofthemaindrawbacksofthistechnologyisthatindustrialscalewatergeneratorsrequireagreatdealofenergytooperate—around70kWtorunoneunit,equaltohalfafootballfieldofsolarpanels.Theyalsoyieldsubstantiallyhigherquantitiesofwaterinmorewetenvironments,andarethereforemoreorlesseffectivedependingontheirgeographiclocation.32.WhatisthepurposeofthePHANTORprogram?A.Torelievewatershortage.B.Topurifypollutedwatersources.C.Tohelppeopleinremoteareasgetwater.D.Tohelppeoplereducetheirdailyconsumption.33.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellusaboutPHANTOR?A.Howitisdesigned. B.Howitrespondseffectively.C.Howitharvestswater. D.Howitdiffersfromothermodels.34.WhydoestheauthormentionthePHANTORinSingaporeinparagraph4?A.Todisplaydifferentwaterusage. B.Toshowthetechnologypotential.C.Toproveeachunithasitsadvantage. D.Topointoutthegenerator'sdrawbacks.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthistext?A.CountriesfacingthepressingissueoflackofwaterB.ChallengesofwatersecurityacrosstheworldC.PopularityoftheatmosphericwatergeneratorD.Aninnovationharvestingwaterfromairvapour【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了大气水生成器PHANTOR的工作原理、有点和局限性以及在解决全球淡水问题上的潜力。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Today,wearefacingaglobalwatercrisis:TheUNannouncedfivebillionpeoplewillfacewatershortagesby2050.”（今天，我们正面临着全球性的水危机:联合国宣布，到2050年，将有50亿人面临水资源短缺。）根据第二段“PHANTORisaninnovationharvestingwaterfromairvapour.”（PHANTOR是一种从空气蒸汽中收集水分的创新产品。）可知，PHANTOR计划的目的是缓解缺水。故选A项。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theatmosphericwatergeneratorsucksinwatervapourandcondenses（凝结）itintoliquidusingacoolingsystempoweredbyelectricityorsolarenergy.Thewaterpassesthroughcarbonandbacterialfilters.Beingavailableintwocompactsizes,40-footand20-footshippingcontainers,makesthemhighlyportablecomparedtoothergeneratormodels.”（大气水发生器利用电力或太阳能驱动的冷却系统吸收水蒸气并将其凝结成液体。水通过碳和细菌过滤器。有两种紧凑的尺寸，40英尺和20英尺的集装箱，使它们与其他发电机模型相比非常便携。）可知，第三段主要关于PHANTOR它是如何收获水分的。故选C项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“TheirtechnologywasrecentlyshowcasedattheGREENTECHFESTIVALinSingapore,wherethecompanyusedwaterfromthegeneratortowaterthelocalgardens.TheyestimatethatinaclimatelikeSingapore's,one40-footunitcanproduce2.8millionlitersperyear.Thisiscomparedto600,000litersthatcanbeproducedayearinaclimatelikeGermany's.”（他们的技术最近在新加坡的绿色科技节上展出，该公司利用发电机的水浇灌当地的花园。他们估计，在新加坡这样的气候条件下，一个40英尺的装置每年可以生产280万升。相比之下，在德国这样的气候条件下，每年可以生产60万升葡萄酒。）可知，在第4段提到新加坡的PHANTOR的目的是展示技术潜力。故选B。【35题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文以及第二段“PHANTORisaninnovationharvestingwaterfromairvapour.DesignedbytheAustrianstudioDOIT,the40-footlongatmosphericwatergeneratorcanharvest10,000litersofwateradayfromambienthumidity—enoughwatertosupplyaresidentialapartmentblockorhospital.”（PHANTOR是一种从空气蒸汽中收集水分的创新产品。这个由奥地利DOIT工作室设计的40英尺长的大气水发生器，每天可以从周围的湿度中收集1万升水，足够供一个住宅公寓楼或医院使用。）可知，短文介绍了大气水生成器PHANTOR的工作原理、有点和局限性以及在解决全球淡水问题上的潜力。所以标题为“一项从水蒸气中收集水分的创新”切题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thesedays,almosteveryonehasacameraonthemviatheirphone.It’struethatthere’snosubstitute(代替物)foraprofessionalcamerawhenitcomestoquality,butwithafewsimplesteps,youcancapturesomeprettyamazingshotswithyoursmartphonetoo.____36____Herearesometipstohelpyoutakeyoursmartphonephotographytothenextlevel.Takemultipleshots.Oneofthebestthingsaboutsmartphonephotographyisthatyoucantakeasmanyphotosasyouwantandthereisnoneedtoprintthemofftoseetheresults.____37____Burstphotos(连拍照片)aregoodtousewhenyoursubjectmoves.Onceyou’vetakenasetofburstphotos,youcanthenselectthebestshots.____38____Veryfewsmartphonescanproduceexcellentindoorshotsduetotheirsmallsensors.Therefore,it’sbesttotakephotosoutdoorsintheproperlightingconditionstogetbetterresults.Lightingdeterminesnotonlybrightnessanddarkness,butalsomood,toneandtheatmosphereofthephoto.UseHDRmode.____39____Itaddsdetailfromthedarkandlightareastoprovidebetterbalancedexposure.Inotherwords,itwillstoptheskybeingtoobrightorthegroundbeingtoodarkandreallysuitslandscapephotography.Ifthere’sabigdifferencebetweenthelightestanddarkestpartsofyourscene,usingtheHDRfunctionisagoodoption.Edityourphotos.Theeditingtoolsorsomeappsonyourphonecanhelpyouadjustthecolor,brightnessandmore.Afterbeingedited,yourphotoswilllooksignificantlybetter.____40____Finally,ifyouwanttoknowhowtotakeaprofessionalphotowithyourphone,thebesttipofallistopractice!A.Usenaturallight.B.Areyoureadytolearnhow?C.Andyou’lldefinitelybeproudofyourphotos.D.Whycan’twetakegoodphotoswithsmartphones?E.Thismodeisincreasinglycommononmanysmartphones.F.Thismakesitmucheasiertolearnandim