+Module+7-11+语法讲解-被动、定语从句 外研版九年级英语上册

PAGE1PAGE4天道酬勤诚不欺我九年级上被动+定语从句被动动词的语态表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1.主动语态变被动语态主动Farmersgrowriceinspring.被动Riceisgrownbyfarmersinspring.宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟谓语动词变被动，be后”过分”来使用形式:bedone2.一般现在时的被动形式:is/am/are+done一般现在时的用法A.不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者是谁，或者大家都清楚动作的执行者是谁时，常用被动语态(此时不带由by一起的短语)Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.B.动作的承受者是谈话的中心时，常用被动语态(这时可带由by引起的短语)ThebookiswrittenbyLuXun.C.强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者时，常用被动语态Thetableismadeofstone.D.出于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时，常用被动语态.HeisaskedtogiveatalkabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.句型转换肯定句:主语+is/am/are+done+(by+动作执行者)否定句:主语+is/am/are+not+done+(by+动作执行者)一般疑问句:is/am/are+主语+done+(by+动作执行者)特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/am/are+主语+done+(by+动作执行者)【注意】不能被动：反身代词、相互代词谓语动词是表示状态的动词(have,own,possess,belongto)典型例题Manytreesonbothsidesofthestreetseveryyear,sotheairisveryfreshnow.A.plantB.areplantedC.plantedD.wereplanted2.Flowersalongtheroadinmycityeveryday.A.plantB.plantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted3.-Sixteen-year-oldstodriveinChina.-ButinAmerica,theycan.isallowedB.isnotallowedC.areallowedD.arenotallowed4.MostriceinthesouthofChina.A.producesB.isproducingC.isproducedD.areproduced5.-Doyoulikereadingbooks?-Yes.Everyoneinmyclasstodomorereadinginandafterclassbyourteacher.areencouragedB.isencouragedC.areencouragingD.encourages6.-Mollyhaschangedsomuch!Shebeshyandquiet.-Yeah.Butnowshespeakinginfrontofclass.A.usedto,isusedtoB.isusedto,usedtoC.usedto,usedto一般过去式的被动a.一般过去时的被动was/were+doneb.主动表被动look/smell/feel/taste表示事物的品质状态sell,wash,write,cut,wearc.make,hear,see,notice,watch等词在主动句中作宾补时不带to，变成被动语态+toMymothermakesmedochoreseveryday.Iammadetodochoreseverydaybymymother.典型例题Thetelephonebyawell-knowninventor,AlexanderGrahamBell.inventedB.inventingC.wasinventedD.invent2.Manytreesandflowersinourschoollastyearandtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.A.haveplantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.willbeplanted3.-Oh,myGod!Ican’tfindmykeytotheoffice.-Don’tworry.Perhapsitatyourhome.leftB.hasleftC.wasleftD.hadleft-Whyisyourbedroomsodirty?-Sorry,Mum.It.Ifeltverytiredafterplayingsoccer.isn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.doesn’tcleanD.wasn’tcleanedWhenhecalledthebusservice,hethattherewasnomorebus.wastellingB.wastoldC.hastoldD.hadtoldThecharacterHarryPotterbyJ.KRowlinginthe1990s.createdB.wascreatedC.hascreatedD.willbecreated一般将来时的被动1.一般将来时的被动willbedone/begoingtobedone/shallbedoneBookswon’tbereplacedbycomputers.A.表示根据计划或安排发生的被动性动作。如：Thisworkwill/isgoingto/istobedoneatonce.B.表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果，此时常用。如：Ifyouparkyourcarhere,youwillbefined.C.用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，此时应用一般现在时的被动语态形式代替一般将来时被动Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollectioniscompleted.典型例题1.AbaseballmatchbetweenClassTwoandClassThreetomorrowafternoon.A.isheldB.willbeheldC.mustbeheldD.washeld2.Manybuildingsinourschoolnextyear.A.havebuiltB.arebuiltC.werebuiltD.willbebuilt3.Well,moremoneywhenweusebothsidesofpaper.Doyouknow?A.willsaveB.wassavedC.willbesavedD.hassaved4.-Mike,whenwillyoufinishyourhomework?-Hmm,itinanhour.A.finishB.finishedC.isfinishedD.willbefinished5.It’sreportedthatJiangsuGrandTheatreinSeptemberthisyear.A.completesB.iscompletesC.willcompleteD.willbecompeted6.Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures______.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken7.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,thesportsmeet______intheplaygroundofourschool.A.isholdingB.willholdC.willbeheldD.istobeholding8.Theproblem______inthecomingmeeting.A.isdiscussedB.isdiscussingC.isbeingdiscussedD.willbediscussed定语从句概念定义：在复合句中起定语从句，修饰某一名词、代词或是整个句子的从句叫定语从句。关系词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which,who（宾语whom,所有格whose),关系副词有where,when,why等。先行词：被修饰的词定语从句置于先行词后that引导的定语从句的用法可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常省略that前无介词，不能引导非限制性定语从句that指人，在定语从句中充当主语，可换为whoHeisthekindmanthatalwayshelpsothers.that指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可换为who/whom，可省略Themanwhom/that/whomyfathertalkedwithwasmyEnglishteacher.that指物，在定语从句中充当主语，可换为whichthat指物，在定语从句中充当宾语，可换为which只能用that的情况:1.先行词是all,any,something,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词等。Everythingthathetoldmewastrue.2.先行词被最高级，序数词修饰时3.先行词既指人，又指物Theboyandthedogthatarerunninginthestreetgetwetallover.4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thejust,theright等修饰时AustraliaistheonlyEnglish-speakingcountrythatIhaveevervisited.5.当主句是由who/which引导的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，只用thatWhoisthemanthatwearssunglasses?关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致.Ilikethefoodthattastesgood.典型例题Wearetalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertlastnight.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom2.Kids,Ihopeyou’llrememberthegoodolddayswespenttogetherinjuniorhighthoughit’stimetosaygoodbye.A.whoB.whatC.which3.TheyarelotsofthingsIneedtopreparebeforethetrip.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose4.Aliceprefersstoriesthatshortandfunny.A.areB.isC.wasD.were5.Marialovesmusicshecansingalongwith./IlikemusicIcandanceto.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whomE./6.AllIcandoforyouistostaywithyou.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as用下划线划出定语从句、先行词、关系词。Themanthatisspeakingatthemeetingisanexcellentworker.Isthisthedoctorthatyoutalkedaboutyesterday?HaveyoueverseenthebookIboughtlastweek?4、TheairportatwhichArmstronglearnedtoflywasnearhishome.5、ThemantowhomShutteworthspokeinspacewasTito.把下列句子改为含定语从句的复合句Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.Themoviewaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.Theyoungmanismymathsteacher.Hewearsglasses.LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut.Shehasevertravelledinspace.随堂练习7.Notallchildren________watchthisvideowillbecomeascientist,butsomemaybecomeinterestedinscience.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8.Wearetalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertlastnight.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom9.—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReader,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogram_______purposeistobringthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whose10.Thecharitieshavehelpedmorechildrenwiththemoney_______peopleraise.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.which11.—PleasetellmesomethingaboutYangLiwei.—Heisagreatastronautof________alltheChineseareproud.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whom12.Thephoto______takenbymybrotherlastweekisverynice.A.whichwereB.thatisC.thatwereD.whichwas13.Ilikethecity_______thepeoplearereallykindandfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who14.IbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_________HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when15.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyouprefer?—Ipreferthemovies________mesomethingtothinkabout.A.whichgiveB.thatgivesC.whichgivesD.whogives16.Mycousinisaboy_____lotsoftroubletohisparents.A.whobringB.whichbringsC.whobringsD.thatbring17.—Frank,look!Whoarethechildrenunderthetree______waitinginline?—TheyarethestudentsfromNo.1PrimarySchool.A.thatareB.whereareC.whichisD.whois18.—Nowmanyp