《土木工程专业英语 第2版》 课件 Unit12 Project Management and Administration

Unit12ProjectManagementandAdministrationEnglishforCivilEngineering——Teacher：Prof.ZhengLuE-mail:luzheng111@（SchoolofCivilEngineering,TONGJIUNIVERSITY）Unit12ProjectManagementandAdministration

12.1TheNeedforProjectManagement12.2ProjectOrganization12.3TheProjectManager12.4TheProjectSuperintendent12.5FieldProductivity12.6ProjectAdministration12.7ProjectMeetings12.8ScheduleofOwnerPayments12.9ShopDrawings12.10ApprovaloftheShopDrawings12.11QualityControl12.12Expediting12.13Deliveries12.14Receiving12.1TheNeedforProjectManagement

Theessentialfocusofaconstructioncompanyisitsfieldprojects.Theseare,afterall,theheartandsoulofanysuchbusinessenterprise.Ifaprojectistomeetitsestablishedtimeschedule,costbudget,andqualityrequirements,closemanagementcontroloffieldoperationsisanecessity.Projectconditionsuchastechnicalcomplexity,importanceoftimelycompletion,resourcelimitations,andsubstantialcostsputgreatemphasisontheplanning,scheduling,andcontrolofconstructionoperations.Unfortunately,theconstructionprocess,onceitissetintomotion,isnotaself-regulatingmechanismandrequiresexpertguidanceifeventsareconformedtoplans.项目管理的必要性timeschedule施工进度；costbudget

成本预算；qualityrequirements质量要求；technicalcomplexity

技术复杂度；self-regulating

自我调节；12.1TheNeedforProjectManagement

Itmustberememberedthatprojectsareone-timeandlargelyuniqueeffortsoflimitedtimedurationwhichinvolveworkofanon-standardizedandvariablenature.Fieldconstructionworkcanbeprofoundlyaffectedbyeventsthataredifficult,ifnotpossible,toanticipate.Undersuchuncertainandshiftingconditions,fieldconstructioncostsandtimerequirementsareconstantlychangingandcanseriouslydeterioratewithlittleornoadvancewarning.Skilledandunremittingmanagementeffortisnotonlydesirable,butisabsolutelyimperativeforasatisfactoryresult.项目管理的必要性non-standardized非标准化的；profoundly深刻地；shifting不断变化；deterioratewith恶化；unremitting

不间断的；imperative必要的。12.2ProjectOrganization

Themanagementoffieldconstructioniscustomarilyrunonaprojectbasis,withaprojectmanagerbeingmaderesponsibleforallaspectsofthework.Projectmanagementcutsacrossfunctionallinesoftheparentorganization,andthecentralofficeactsinaserviceroletothefieldprojects.Workingrelationswithavarietyofoutsideorganizations,includingarchitect-engineers,ownersorownerrepresentatives,subcontractors,materialandequipmentdealers,regulatoryagencies,andpossiblylaborunions,areanimportantpartofguidingajobthroughtoitsconclusion.Projectmanagementisdirectedtowardpullingtogetherallthediverseelementsinvolvedintoagoingventurewiththecommonobjectiveofprojectcompletion.项目组织的介绍customarily通常地；parent原始的；subcontractors分包商；laborunions工会；venture

风险。12.3TheProjectManager

Theprojectmanagerorganizes,plans,schedules,andcontrolsthefieldworkandisresponsibleforgettingtheprojectcompletedwithinthetimeandcostlimitations.Heactsasthefocalpointforallfacetsoftheprojectandbringstogethertheeffortsofthoseorganizationshavinginputsintotheconstructionprocess.Hecoordinatesmattersrelevanttotheprojectandexpeditesprojectoperationsbydealingdirectlywiththeindividualsandorganizationsinvolved.Inanysuchsituationwhereeventsprogressrapidlyanddecisionsmustbeconsistentandinformed,thespecificleadershipofonepersonisneeded.Becausehehastheoverallresponsibility,theprojectmanagermusthavebroadauthorityoverallelementsoftheproject.项目经理的职责focal焦点；facets面；expedites加快；subcontractors分包商；consistent一致的。12.3TheProjectManager

Projectorganization,smallprojectsSuperintendent

监督人；CraftForemen工长12.3TheProjectManager

Projectorganization,largeprojectsprocurement采购expediter

稽查员

superintendent

监督人；craftforemen工长12.4TheProjectSuperintendent

Projectmanagementandfieldsupervisionarequitedifferentresponsibilities.Theday-to-daydirectionofprojectoperationsishandledbyasitesupervisororprojectsuperintendent.Hisdutiesinvolvesupervisinganddirectingthetrades,coordinatingthesubcontractors,workingcloselywiththeowner’sorarchitect-engineer’sfieldrepresentative,checkingdailyproduction,andkeepingtheworkprogressingsmoothlyandonschedule.Heisresponsibleformaterialreceivingandstorage,equipmentschedulingandmaintenance,projectsafety,andjobrecordsandreports.项目负责人的职责fieldsupervision现场监督；day-to-day

日常的；superintendent负责人；subcontractors

分包商12.5FieldProductivity

TheCICEstudydisclosedthatanappreciableproportionofaconstructionworker'stimeiscompletelynon-productive,andatleastone-halfofthetimewastediscausedbypoorjobmanagement.Someoftheaspectsofthisaredemotivatedworkers,lackofmaterialmanagement,poorlytrainedsupervisors,failuretoutilizemoderntimeandcostmanagementsystems,poorcommunications,andlackofteamwork.Toovercomethesenegativefactors,theremustbeacommitmentbycompanymanagementtoestablishadetailedprogramofaction.现场生产效率低的原因disclosed表明；appreciable

相当可观的；demotivated消极的；commitment义务，承诺12.6ProjectAdministration

Projectadministrationreferstothoseactionsthatarerequiredtoachievetheestablishedprojectgoals.Theseinvolvedutiesthatmaybeimposedbytheconstructioncontractorthatarerequiredbygoodconstructionandbusinesspractice.Theefficienthandling,control,anddispositionofcontractualandadministrativemattersinatimelyfashionareofparamountimportanceforasmooth-runningjob.项目管理的含义administration管理；imposed

规定的；disposition处理；contractual

合同；administrative

行政的12.7ProjectMeetings

Onlargerprojects,itiscommonpracticeforrepresentativesoftheownerandthearchitect-engineertomeetwithprojectpersonnelofthegeneralcontractorandmajorsubcontractorsbeforefieldoperationsactuallybegin.Thepurposeofthismeetingistoestablishimportantgroundrulesandtocallthecontractors'attentiontocertaincriticalareas.Itpermitskeypersonnelofbothsidestobeintroducedtoeachotherandallowsthepartiestoarriveatclearunderstandingsconcerningavarietyofmutualconcernssuchasconstructionsitesurveys,submittalofshopdrawings,samplingandtesting,projectinspection,theauthorityoftheowner'sfieldrepresentative,paymentrequests,handlingofclaims,changeorders,jobsitesecurity,owner-furnishedequipment,temporaryfacilities,andsimilarmatters.项目会议介绍generalcontractor总承包商；subcontractors分包商；mutual共同的；12.8ScheduleofOwnerPayments

Acommoncontract

provisionrequiresthecontractortoprovidetheownerwithanestimatedscheduleofmonthlypaymentsthatwillbecomedueduringtheconstructionperiod.Thisinformationisneededbytheownersothatcashwillbeavailableasneededtomakethenecessaryperiodicpaymentstothecontractor.Becausetheownermustoftensellbondsorotherformsofsecuritiestoobtainfundswithwhichtopaythecontractor,itisimportantthattheanticipatedpaymentschedulebeasaccurateaforecastasthecontractorcanmakeit.业主的酬金计划contract合同；provision条款；periodic周期的；anticipated预期的；12.9ShopDrawings

Theworkingdrawingsandspecificationspreparedbythearchitect-engineer,althoughadequateforjobpricingandgeneralconstructionpurposes,arenotsuitableforthefabricationandproductionofmanyrequiredconstructionproducts.Manufactureofthenecessaryjobmaterialsandmachineryoftenrequiresthatthecontractdrawingsbeamplifiedbydetailedshopdrawingsthatsupplement,enlarge,andclarify,thecontractdesign.Suchdescriptivetechnicalsubmissionsarepreparedbytheproducersorfabricatorsofthematerialsandaresubmittedtothegeneralcontractorandthencetothearchitect-engineerforapprovalbeforetheitemissupplied.介绍施工图adequate适当的；fabrication建造；beamplifiedby被扩张；supplement增补；12.10ApprovaloftheShopDrawings

Whenshopdrawingsarefirstreceivedfromasupplier,thecontractorisresponsibleforcheckingthemcarefullyagainstthecontractdrawingsandspecifications.Theshopdrawingsarethenforwardedtothearchitect-engineerforexaminationandapproval.Thecheckingandcertifyingofthesedrawingsisproperlytheresponsibilityofthearchitect-engineer,sincetheyarebasicallyafurtherdevelopmentandinterpretationofthedesign,andthefinalverificationisthedesigner'sresponsibility.Approvalofshopdrawingscanpossiblyplacelegalresponsibilityuponthearchitect-engineeriferrorinthedrawingsislaterfoundtobetheproximatecauseofdamages.Possiblytominimizetheirpotentialliability,manyarchitect-engineersnolongerusetheword“approved”whenindicatingthatshopdrawingshavebeenfoundsatisfactory.Rather,“reviewed,”“noexceptionstaken,”“accepted,”or“examined”arenowsometimesused.施工图的审批interpretation解释；verification证实；proximate最接近的；12.11QualityControl

Recentyearshavewitnessedwhatcanonlybedescribeasincreasingneglectofconstructionqualitycontrol.Modernproceduresinvolvesomanyplayersontheconstructionteamthatresponsibilityfortheendproducthasbecomesplinteredanddiffused.Thewithdrawalofthearchitect-engineerhasbeenpreviouslymentioned.Inspectionbythecontractoriscriticizedonthebasisthatitisunrealistictoexpectthatprofit-orientedcontractorswillrigorouslyinspecttheirownwork.Thereseemstobeincreasingsentimentthatconstructionqualitycontrolshouldbeabudgetedpartofthetotalconstructionprocess,andthatthisresponsibilityshouldbecontractedouttothird-party,professionalfirms.质量控制neglect忽视；splinter碎片；diffuse扩散；withdrawal

撤回；inspection检查；sentiment

共识；12.12Expediting

Constructionisofsuchanaturethatthetimelydeliveryofprojectmaterialsisofextremeimportance.Ifrequireditemsarenotavailablewhenneeded,thecontractorcanexperiencemajordifficultiesbecauseofthedisruptionoftheconstructionschedule.Suchdelaysareexpensive,awkward,andinconvenient,andeveryeffortmustbemadetoavoidthem.Whenpurchaseordersarewritten,deliverydatesaredesignatedwhich,ifmet,willensurethatthematerialswillbeavailablewhenneeded.Thesedatesareestablishedonthebasisofthepro