2022年天津高二下学期期末复习模拟 英语试卷

2021-2022学年高二英语期末复习模拟试卷一（天津专版）一.单项选择1.----Justamoment.Ihaven’tfinishedpackingmysuitcase.----.It’shightimeweleftfortheairport.A.Goahead B.Takeiteasy C.Hurryup D.That’sfine【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情景交际即习惯表达。句意：——等一下。我的行李还没收拾好。——快点。我们该去机场了。A.Goahead去吧，干吧；B.Takeiteasy放松，别紧张；C.Hurryup快点；F.That’sfine很好。由下文“It’shightimeweleftfortheairport.”可知，此处表示“快点，我们该去机场了”，故选C。2.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms______allovertheworld.A.haveproduced B.havebeenproducedC.areproducing D.arebeingproduced【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几年里，世界各地制作了成千上万部电影。inthelast+时间段，应用现在完成时态。film和produce是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故选B。3.Thedaysaregone______physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.when B.that C.where D.which【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：靠体力谋生的日子一去不复返了。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词thedays，先行词作从句的时间状语，用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选A项。4.Jumpingoutofplaneattenthousandfeetisquiteexcitingexperience.A.a,the B.a,an C.the,the D.the,an【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查冠词词义辨析。句意：从万英尺高的飞机上跳下来是一次非常令人兴奋的经历。A.a,the一个，那个；B.a,an一个，一个；C.the,the那个，那个；D.the,an那个，一个。第一空，结合语意，此处泛指一架飞机，空处应用不定冠词，plane是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用a；第二空，结合语意，此处泛指一次令人兴奋的经历，空处应用不定冠词，exciting是元音音素开头的单词，前边应用an。故选B项。5.______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.Translating B.TranslatedC.Totranslate D.Havingtranslated【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被译为英语，句子被发现有一个完全不一样的句序。在同主语的主从复合句中，当从句的主语和谓语是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系，当从句的主语和谓语是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动。句中逻辑主语thesentence与translate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故选B。6.—Ineedtoadvertiseforaroommatefornextterm.—______?Maryisinterested.A.Whatfor B.Whynot C.Sowhat D.Whybother【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——下个学期我要登广告找一个室友。——为什么要这么麻烦？玛丽就感兴趣。A.Whatfor为什么；B.Whynot为什么不；C.Sowhat那又怎样；D.Whybother为什么要这么麻烦。此处指为什么要登广告找室友这么麻烦，玛丽就很感兴趣，故选D项。7.Wefeelourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.A.it B.this C.that D.one【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意为：我们认为我们的职责是把祖国建设的更加美好。句子中it作形式宾语以代替不定式tomakeourcountryabetterplace真正宾语，除选项A以外其他几个选项中的代词都不能做引导词担任形式宾语，故均应予以排除。故选A项。8.Myparentsalwayssavesomemoneyinstoresomethingunexpectedhappens.A.evenif B.when C.incase D.sothat【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我父母总是存一些钱以备不时之需。A.evenif即使；B.when当……时候；C.incase以防；D.sothat以便。引导目的状语从句，表示“以防”应用incase。故选C。9.Thehoursthechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffectedtheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.A.when B.that C.inwhich D.onwhich【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系，这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是Thehours，指物，在从句中宾语，用关系代词that/which。故选B项。10.ThoughEmmacongratulatesherselfonhersuccess,shesometimeswonderswillhappentoherprivatelife.A.it B.what C.which D.that【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：虽然艾玛为自己的成功感到庆幸，但她有时也想知道自己的个人生活会发生什么。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导动词wonders的宾语从句，并指代事情在从句中做主语，所以应该是what。故选B项。11.Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you__freshwatermeloninthefall.A.eat B.wouldeat C.haveeaten D.willbeeating【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你就会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。根据句意可以判断出这是真实条件从句。If从句中使用的是一般现在时表示将来，主句中应该使用将来时，故排除A、B、C项。D项是将来进行时态，强调“将来某个时刻正在进行的动作”，符合语境。故选D项。12.Inourcampus,whichwasbuiltmanyyearsago.A.abuildingstandsB.abuildingliesC.standsabuildingD.liesabuilding【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查全部倒装、时态和主谓一致。句意：在我们的校园里矗立着一座大楼，它是多年前建造的。动词stand(矗立、直立)符合句意，动词lie(位于)，作地点状语的介词短语Inourcampus放句首，主谓全部倒装，本句讲述现在的一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语abuilding单数，谓语动词stand单数形式。故选C项。13.–IsJohncomingbytrain?–Heshould,buthe_______not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.must B.can C.need D.may【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——约翰乘火车来吗？——他应该是，但也可能不。他喜欢开车。A.must必须，一定；B.can能，能够，表客观能力；C.need需要；D.may可能，可以，语气比can弱，表推测。根据“Helikesdrivinghiscar.”可至此处表示推测语气，可能不乘火车来，故选D。14._______inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum.A.Anything B.NothingC.Everything D.Something【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：在我的生命中没有什么和第一次去故宫参观如此令我印象深刻了。A.Anything任何事；B.Nothing没有什么；C.Everything一切事物；D.Something某事。这里指没有一件事情能够与我第一次参观故宫能够让我印象深刻。故选B。15Hetelephonedthetravelagencyto_______threeairticketstoLondon.A.order B.arrange C.take D.book【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。A.order命令，订货B.arrange安排，整理C.take拿，获得D.book预定，登记。根据句意可知，此处是预定机票。故选D。二.完形填空Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodslate.Moodmaybedefined_____16_____atemporaryandmindpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizedandnottied_____17_____anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe_____18_____fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,_____19_____tospecificcircumstance,andoftenconscious._____20_____asense,theeffectofaconsumer’smoodcanbethoughtofin_____21_____thesamewayascanourreactionstothe_____22_____ofourfriends—whenourfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattendtoinfluenceuspositively,_____23_____whentheyare“down”,thatcanhavea_____24_____impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera_____25_____moodstatetendtoreacttostimuli(刺激因素)inadirection_____26_____withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee_____27_____inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa_____28_____mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate._____29_____,moodstatesappearcapableof_____30_____aconsumer’smemory.Moodsappeartobe_____31_____influencedmarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitchand_____32_____ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe_____33_____oftimespentinsupermarketsor_____34_____topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’moodwhich,in_____35_____,arecapableofinfluencingconsumer’sreactionstoproducts.16.A.with B.about C.as D.by17.A.up B.to C.under D.over18.A.divided B.derived C.descended D.distinguished19.A.referred B.related C.attached D.associated20.A.In B.On C.By D.Of21.A.thus B.still C.much D.even22.A.behavior B.gesture C.signal D.view23.A.for B.provided C.unless D.but24.A.relative B.negative C.sensitive D.decisive25.A.fixed B.granted C.given D.driven26.A.insistent B.resistant C.persistent D.consistent27.A.retailers B.consumers C.businessmen D.manufacturers28.A.casual B.serious C.favorable D.critical29.A.Moreover B.However C.Nevertheless D.Otherwise30.A.lifting B.raising C.cultivating D.enhancing31.A.rarely B.readily C.currently D.cautiously32.A.volume B.speed C.step D.band33.A.extent B.scope C.amount D.range34.A.capacities B.facilities C.intentions D.reflections35.A.turn B.depth C.total D.detail【答案】16.C17.B18.D19.B20.A21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.D27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.A33.C34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了情绪对消费者的影响。【16题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：情绪可以被定义为一种暂时的、心理上积极或消极的感觉，这种感觉是广义的，且与任何特定情况无关。A.with和有；B.about关于；C.as作为；D.by通过。根据上文“bedefined”可知，此处表达“被定义为……”之意，所以用固定搭配definesthassth。故选C项。【17题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.up上；B.to到；C.under在……下面；D.over超过，在……正上方。根据上文“isgeneralizedandnottied”可知，此处表达“捆绑于，束缚于，与……有联系”之意，所以用固定搭配betiedtosth。故选B项。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：情绪应该与情感区分开来，后者通常更强烈，与特定的情况有关，并且通常是有意识的。A.divided区分，划分；B.derived获得，来自；C.descended下降，降临；D.distinguished区分，区别。根据下文“fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense”可知，此处说明moods和emotions之间的区别，且与介词from搭配，所以用短语distinguish…from…。故选D项。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.referred参考；B.related和……相关；C.attached系上；D.associated联系。根据上文“nottied2anyparticularcircumstance”和下文“tospecificcircumstance,andoftenconscious”可知，情感区别于情绪，和特定的情况有关系，所以用relatedto表达“和……有关”之意。故选B项。【20题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，消费者情绪的影响可以被认为与我们对朋友行为的反应有很大的相似之处——当我们的朋友高兴和“情绪高涨”时，这往往会对我们产生积极的影响，但当他们“低落”时，这可能会对我们产生消极的影响。A.In在……内，以……方式；B.On在……上，关于；C.By通过，经由；D.Of关于，属于。固定搭配inasense“从某种意义上说”。故选A项。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.thus因此；B.still仍然；C.much在很大程度上；D.even甚至。设空处位于inthesameway这一短语中，用来修饰thesame。muchthesame意为“几乎一样”，且其他选项均不能用来修饰thesame。故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.behavior行为；B.gesture姿势；C.signal信号；D.view观点。从空格后面所出现的破折号可知，破折号后面的句子应该是对前面所填的词的解释，句中的happy，up以及down指的是朋友具体表达情绪的行为。此外，第二段出现的behavior也给予了提示。故选A项。【23题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.for因为；B.provided假如；C.unless除非；D.but但是。空后的down与前句的up相互呼应，说明两个when引导的时间状语从句互为转折关系。故选D项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.relative有关联的，相对的；B.negative负面的，消极的；C.sensitive敏感的，灵敏的；D.decisive果断的，关键的。根据上下文的转折关系可推断，低落的情绪带来的是与前文positively相反的影响，即消极的影响。故选B项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样，在特定的情绪状态下，消费者对刺激的反应往往与该情绪状态一致。A.fixed固定的；B.granted授予；C.given特定的；D.driven有紧迫感的。结合上文可知，作者想要说明的是一定情绪状态下消费者会做出与情绪一致的反应，例如高兴时就会做出积极的反应，低落时就会做出消极的反应，所以结合空后的“thatmoodstate”可推断，设空处应该是指某种特定的情绪状态。故选C项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.insistent坚持的；B.resistant有抵抗力的；C.persistent坚持不懈的；D.consistent一致的。根据下文“withthatmoodstate”可知，用（be）consistentwith表“与……一致”之意，说明消费者情绪与其做出发反应一致，与上文相照应。故选D项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，例如，我们应该期望看到，处于积极情绪状态下的消费者比处于非积极情绪状态下的消费者对产品的评价更为有利。A.retailers零售商；B.consumers消费者；C.businessmen商人；D.manufacturers制造商。通读全篇可知，作者讨论的是消费者情绪状态的问题，所以“消费者”符合语境。故选B项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.casual随意的，偶然的；B.serious严重的，严肃的；C.favorable有利的，赞同的；D.critical批判的，关键的。根据上文的“consumersinapositivemood”可知，空格处应填一个褒义词，说明情绪状态佳的情绪下消费者会做出相应积极的反映，所以favorable“有利的”符合文意，其他三个备选项均为中性词。故选C项。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，情绪状态似乎能够增强消费者的记忆。A.Moreover此外，并且；B.However然而；C.Nevertheless然而，不过；D.Otherwise否则，要不然。根据上文“Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee12inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa13mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate.”和下文“moodstatesappearcapableof14aconsumer’smemory.”可知，两个句子都在描述情绪状态给消费者带来的有利影响，呈递进关系。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.lifting举起；B.raising养育；C.cultivating培养；D.enhancing增强。根据上下文的递进关系可知，情绪状态对消费者的记忆似乎有有利的影响。另外，四个备选项中可以与宾语“记忆”构成搭配的动词只有enhance“增强”。故选D项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：情绪似乎容易受到营销技巧的影响。A.rarely几乎不；B.readily容易地；C.currently目前；D.cautiously谨慎地。根据后文的举例可知，诸如音乐节奏、音量之类的超市营销技巧会对消费者的情绪有着较明显的影响，所以四个备选项中readily“容易地”最符合文意。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，音乐的节奏、音高和音量已被证明会影响人们在超市逗留的时间或购买产品的意愿等行为。A.volume音量；B.speed速度；C.step台阶；D.band乐队。空格后的ofmusic限定包括空格在内的三个名词，与“rhythm”和“pitch”并列，所以volume“音量”符合文意。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.extent程度；B.scope范围；C.amount数量；D.range范围。根据下文“oftimespentinsupermarkets”可知，空格处表示时间的量，即多长时间，用amount“数量”。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.capacities能力；B.facilities设施；C.intentions意愿；D.reflections反映。由下文“topurchaseproducts”可知，空格后为动词不定式作定语，四个选项中只有A项capacities与C项intentions一般接不定式作定语，说明音乐会对消费者在超市的停留时间和购买意愿产生影响。故选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，广告可以影响消费者的情绪，进而能够影响消费者对产品的反应。A.turn改变方向；B.depth深度；C.total总共；D.detail细节。根据上文“advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’mood”和下文“arecapableofinfluencingconsumer’sreactionstoproducts”可知，广告影响消费者的情绪，而消费者的情绪也可以影响他们对商品的反应。备选项的名词与空前的介词in构成介词短语，indepth“深入地”，intotal“总共”，indetail“详细地”，均不符合文意，而A项inturn“反过来”，符合文意。故选A项。三.阅读理解AMostofusgrowuptakingcertainthingsforgranted.Wetendtoassumethatexpertsandreligiousleaderstellus"thetruth".Wetendtobelievethatthingsadvertisedontelevisionorinnewspaperscan'tbebadforus.However,encouragementofcriticalthinkinginstudentsisoneofthegoalsofmostcollegesanduniversities.Fewprofessorsrequirestudentstosharetheprofessors'ownbeliefs.Ingeneral,professorsaremoreconcernedthatstudentslearntoquestionandcriticallyexaminetheargumentsofothers,includingsomeoftheirownbeliefsorvalues.Thisdoesnotmeanthatprofessorsinsistthatyouchangeyourbeliefs,either.Itdoesmean,however,thatprofessorswillusuallyaskyoutosupporttheviewsyouexpressinclassorinyourwriting.Ifyourpremises(前提)areshaky,orifyourargumentsarenotlogical,professorspersonallypointoutthefalsereasoninginyourarguments.Mostprofessorswantyoutolearntorecognizethepremisesofyourarguments,toexaminewhetheryoureallyacceptthesepremises,andtounderstandwhetherornotyoudrawlogicalconclusions.Putitthisway.Professorsdon'ttellyouwhattothink;theytrytoteachyouhowtothink.Ontheotherhand,ifyouintendtodisagreewithyourprofessorsinclass,youshouldbepreparedtoofferastrongargumentinsupportofyourideas.Arguingjustforthesakeofarguingusuallydoesnotpromoteacriticalexaminationofideas.Manyprofessorsinterpretitasrudeness.36.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertriestotellusthat______.A.wehavestrongbeliefsinauthoritieswhilegrowingupB.wegrowupthroughlearningcertainthingsinlifeC.weareformingourviewsduringourgrowthD.weeasilyacceptcertainthingswithoutasecondthought37.Nowadaysfewprofessorsencouragestudentsto______A.criticizeothersB.supporttheirownviewsC.holdthesameideaasprofessors'D.examinehisownbeliefs38.Theword“shaky”(Line1,Para.3)mostprobablymeans______A.creativeB.firmC.reasonableD.weak39.Tohelpstudentsdeveloptheircriticalthinking,professorsmainlyteachthem______A.choiceoftheirpremisesB.thewaytothinkindependentlyC.skillsofdrawingconclusionsD.differentkindsofargument40.Accordingtothewriter,therightwaytoargueisto______.A.arguemainlyforthesakeofarguingB.proveitwithagoodconclusionC.supportyourideawithsoundreasoningD.examineothers'ideascritically【答案】36.D37.C38.D39.B40.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多大学院校的培养目标是鼓励学生具有批判性思维，很少有教授会要求学生观点想法与自己相同，文章也说明了学生应该如何知道自己的观点是正确的。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Mostofusgrowuptakingcertainthingsforgranted.(我们大多数人在成长过程中把某些事情视为理所当然。)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们人们很容易毫不犹豫地接受某些事情。故选D项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fewprofessorsrequirestudentstosharetheprofessors'ownbeliefs.（很少有教授会要求学生分享教授自己的信仰）”可知，很少有教师鼓励学生与教授的观点一致。故选C项。【38题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“orifyourargumentsarenotlogical,professorspersonallypointoutthefalsereasoninginyourarguments.(或者如果你的论点不符合逻辑，教授会亲自指出你的论点中的错误推理)”可推知，划线词所在句子意为“如果你的主张缺乏说服力”,shaky的意思接近weak“缺乏(说服力)的”。故选D项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mostprofessorswantyoutolearntorecognizethepremisesofyourarguments,toexaminewhetheryoureallyacceptthesepremises,andtounderstandwhetherornotyoudrawlogicalconclusions.Putitthisway.Professorsdon'ttellyouwhattothink;theytrytoteachyouhowtothink.（大多数教授希望你学会认识到你的论点的前提，检查你是否真的接受这些前提，并了解你是否得出了符合逻辑的结论。这么说吧。教授不会告诉你该怎么想;他们试图教你如何思考）”可知，教授们主要是教会学生如何独立思考。故选B项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Ontheotherhand,ifyouintendtodisagreewithyourprofessorsinclass,youshouldbepreparedtoofferastrongargumentinsupportofyourideas.(另一方面，如果你打算在课堂上不同意教授的观点，你应该准备好提供强有力的论据来支持你的观点。)”可知，根据作者的观点，正确的论证方法是用合理的推理来支持你的观点。故选C项。BTheincreaseinthepriceofoilhasbroughttheworldtoitssenses.Scientistsaresearchingforsuitablealternative(替换)butsofarinvain.Theyareconsideringhowtheycanmakebetteruseofthetwoothermajorfuels,coalandnaturalgas,buttheyhavefoundthatneithercantaketheplaceofoilintheireconomics.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagrowingconcernfortheenvironmentandcoalisnotapopularfuelwithenvironmentalists.Naturalgas,thepurestofthethreefuels,isalsothemostlimitedinsupply.Theanswerwouldseemtolieinnuclearpowerstations.Theyneedverylittlefueltoproduceenormousamountsofpowerandtheydonotpollutetheatmosphere.Theirdangers,however,aresogreatandthecostofbuildingthemarealsohigh.NotonlycouldoneaccidentinanuclearpowerstationspreadasmuchradioactivityasathousandHiroshimaatombombs,buttheradioactivewastefromthesestationisextremelydangerous.Scientistshaverecentlyturnedtheirattentiontonaturalsourcesofenergy:thesun,thesea,thewindandhotspring，ofwhichthesunseemsthemostpromisingsourceforthefuture.Houseshavealreadybeenbuiltwhichareheatedentirelybysolarenergy.However,solarenergycanonlybecollectedduringdaylighthours,andincountrieswheretheweatherisunreliable,analternativeheatingsystemhastobeincluded.However,manyscientistsareoptimistic(乐观的)thatnewwaysofgeneratinglargeamountsofenergywillbesuccessfullydeveloped,butatthesametimetheyfeartheconsequences.Iftheworldpopulationgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,wemay,infiftyyears’time,beburningupsomuchenergythatwewoulddamagetheearth’satmosphere.Byraisingthetemperatureoftheatmosphere,wecouldmelttheArcticandAntarcticice-capsandchangethepatternofvegetableandanimallifethroughouttheworld—afrighteningpossibility.41.Thenaturalgascannottaketheplaceofoilbecause______.AitspriceisincreasingB.itmaycausemorepollutionC.thesourceofitislimitedD.itistoopure42.Accordingtothispassage,allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT______?A.ScientistshavesucceededinfindingasuitablealternativeB.Scientistsareworriedabouttheenvironmentprobleminthefuture.C.Scientistshavefoundnoneofthealternativescantakeplaceofoil.D.Scientistsareconfidentthattheywilleventuallyfindthenewways43Whichofthefollowingwillcausepollutiontotheenvironment?A.naturalgasB.coalC.windenergyD.solarenergy44.Nuclearpowercannottakeplaceoftheoilbecause______.A.itcannotgeneratelargeamountsofpowerB.itmaypollutetheatmosphereC.ItmaycausegreatdangertousifnotproperlyhandledD.Itmayuseupenormousamountsoffuel45.Whatistheultimate(最终的)worryofthescientists?A.allenergysupplywouldbeburntupB.earth’satmospherewouldbedamagedC.theArcticandAntarcticice-capswouldmeltD.thepatternofvegetableandanimallifethroughouttheworldwouldbechanged【答案】41.C42.A43.B44.C45.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章指出了因油价上涨而引发的思考，即如何找到石油的理想替代品。文中讨论了其他两种化石燃料以及以核能、太阳能为代表的清洁能源，但都存在着各自的局限性。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Naturalgas,thepurestofthethreefuels,isalsothemostlimitedinsupply.(天然气，三种燃料中最纯净的一种，也是供应最有限的一种)”可知，天然气因其资源有限所以无法替代石油。故选C项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Scientistsaresearchingforsuitablealternative(替换)butsofarinvain.(科学家们一直在寻找合适的替代品，但至今都是徒劳的)”可知，科学家们至今尚未找到石油的替代品，A选项表述是错误的。故选A项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagrowingconcernfortheenvironmentandcoalisnotapopularfuelwithenvironmentalists.(近年来，人们对环境的担忧逐渐增加，煤炭在环保学家的心目中并不受欢迎)”可知，应当是煤炭的使用对环境不利、会产生污染。故选B项。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theirdangers,however,aresogreatandthecostofbuildingthemarealsohigh.NotonlycouldoneaccidentinanuclearpowerstationspreadasmuchradioactivityasathousandHiroshimaatombombs,buttheradioactivewastefromthesestationisextremelydangerous.(然而，核电站的危险是如此巨大，建造的费用又是如此昂贵。核电站的一场事故不仅能释放广岛原子弹一千倍的辐射，核废料也是极其危险)”可知，核能无法替代石油的原因在于其潜在的危险性，一旦失控后果不堪设想，与C选项“如果操控不当，可能对我们造成极大危险”描述相符。故选C项。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Byraisingthetemperatureoftheatmosphere,wecouldmelttheArcticandAntarcticice-capsandchangethepatternofvegetableandanimallifethroughouttheworld---afrighteningpossibility.(随着大气的温度升高，我们会使得南北极的冰冠融化，从而改变全世界动植物的生存模式——这种可能性令人恐惧)”可知，文章的脉络是：油价上涨引发思考——科学家苦于如何找到石油的替代能源——逐个分析煤炭、天然气、核能和太阳能的局限性，到最后一段，寻找合适的替代能源的同时，随着人口增加、继续依赖化石燃料会导致气温上升，最终改变地球生物的生存模式，这是文章提到的科学家们最终的担忧。故选D项。CTherearesomeproblemareasforinternationalstudentsandimmigrants’studyingintheUnitedStates.Makingfriendsisachallenge(thisisalsotrueforsomeAmericanstudents).Manycollegeanduniversitiesofferavarietyofstudentclubsandorganizationswherebothforeign-bornandnativeAmericanstudentshaveagreaterchanceofmeetingpeoplewithsharedinterests.Informationabouttheseout-of-classactivitiesisoftenpostedinthestudentcenterandlistedinthestudentnewspaper.SometimesforeignstudentsandimmigrantstudentsfindAmericanstobe“cliquish(有派性的)”.Americansfindsomenon-U.S.-bornstudentstobecliquishaswell.IfpeoplefeelseparatedfromthesocialaspectsofAmericancollegelife,theyshouldactivelyseekpeoplewithsharedinterests.Itisunlikelythatstudentswillmakefriendsjustbypassingpeopleonthecampus.Foreignorimmigrantstudentsmayfeelconfusedduringthefirstfewweeksatanewschoolbecausetheydonotunderstandthesystemandarenotwillingtoaskquestions.Manystudentsdonottakeadvantageofthenumerousservicesofferedoncampusthatassiststudentsindevelopingnewskillsandsocialgroups.Somecollegesofferstudentstutorial(辅导的)supportinsuchsubjectsaswriting,languagestudy,computerskills,andotherbasicsubjects.Studentswhoappeartobemostsuccessfulin"learningtheropes"arethosewhocansolveproblemsbytakingtheinitiativetoaskquestions,locateresources,andexperiencenewsocialsituations.46.IntheUnitedStates,studentscanfindfriendswiththesameinterestsby______A.passingpeopleonthecampusB.readingthestudentnewspaperC.joiningthestudentclubsD.visitingthestudentcenter47.Thesentence“peoplefeelseparatedfromthesocialaspectsofAmericancollegelife”(Line7,Para.l)meanstheyhavedifficultyin______.A.communicatingwithothersonthecampusB.beingeasilyacceptedbytheuniversityC.findingpeoplewithsharedinterestsD.gettingajobinAmericansociety48.Whentheyfirstcometocollege,someforeignstudentsmayfeelconfusedbecause______.A.theyaredeniedanyhelpfrompeoplearoundB.theyareprovidedwithfewservicesC.theyarefacedwithanunfamiliareducationalsystemD.theyareunwillingtoadaptthemselvestothenewenvironment49.Thephrase“learningtheropes”(Line6,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______A.findingthewaytodevelopnewskillsB.havingtheskillstomakeconversationsC.learninghowtoanswerquestionsD.knowinghowtohandleproblems50.Fromthepassagewemayconcludethatforeignstudents______.A.areunlikelytobesuccessfulinAmericancollegelifeB.mayfacesomeproblemsinadjustingtoAmericancollegelifeC.arenotgoodatdevelopingfriendshipandsocialgroupsDcanhardlylearnwellwhentheyenteranAmericancollege【答案】46.C47.A48.C49.D50.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了在美国学习的国际学生在适应美国大学生活方面可能面临一些问题。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Manycollegeanduniversitiesofferavarietyofstudentclubsandorganizationswherebothforeign-bornandnativeAmericanstudentshaveagreaterchanceofmeetingpeoplewithsharedinterests.(许多学院和大学都提供各种各样的学生俱乐部和组织，在这些俱乐部和组织中，外国出生的和美国本土的学生都有更大的机会结识有共同兴趣的人)”可知，在美国，学生可以通过加入俱乐部找到兴趣相同的朋友。因此，在美国，学生找到兴趣相同的朋友的方式是C项“joiningthestudentclubs(加入学生俱乐部)”符合题意，故选C项。【47题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“…theyshouldactivelyseekpeoplewithsharedinterests(……他们应该积极寻找有共同兴趣的人)”可知，他们的困难是在与人交往方面，他们可以通过结交兴趣相投的朋友来培养自己的社交能力。因此，第7行，第1段“peoplefeelseparatedfromthesocialaspectsofAmericancollegelife”这句话意味着他们在A项“communicatingwithothersonthecampus(与校园内的其他人交流)”有困难，符合题意，故选A项。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Foreignorimmigrantstudentsmayfeelconfusedduringthefirstfewweeksatanewschoolbecausetheydonotunderstandthesystemandarenotwillingtoaskquestions.(外国或移民学生在新学校的最初几周可能会感到困惑，因为他们不了解该系统，也不愿意提出问题。)”可知，他们是由于对新教育制度体系不熟悉而感到困惑。因此，一些外国学生刚上大学时，可能会感到困惑，因为是C项“theyarefacedwithanunfamiliareducationalsystem(他们面临着一个陌生的教育体系)”符合题意，故选C项。【49题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段该句的表语部分“…arethosewhocansolveproblemsbytakingtheinitiativetoaskquestions,locateresources,andexperiencenewsocialsituations.(……是那些能够通过主动提出问题、找到资源和体验新的社会情境来解决问题的学生)”可知，“learningtheropes”指的是那些指能解决问题的人。因此，与“learningtheropes”（第6行，第2段）一词的含义最接近的是D项“knowinghowtohandleproblems(知道如何处理问题)”符合题意，故选D项。【50题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Therearesomeproblemareasforinternationalstudentsandimmigrants’studyingintheUnitedStates.(在美国学习的国际学生和移民有一些问题)”可知，本文主要阐述了外国学生在适应美国大学生活方面可能面临一些问题，例如交朋友、对教育体系的困惑等等。因此，从这篇文章中我们可以得出结论，外国学生是B项“mayfacesomeproblemsinadjustingtoAmericancollegelife(在适应美国大学生活方面可能面临一些问题)”符合题意，故选B项。DYoungpeopleshouldhavetherighttocontrolanddirecttheirownlearning,thatis,todecidewhattheywanttolearn,andwhen,where,how,howmuch,howfast,andwithwhathelptheywanttolearnit.Tobestillmorespecific,Iwantthemtohavetherighttodecideif,when,howmuch,andbywhomtheywanttobetaughtandtherighttodecidewhethertheywanttolearninaschoolandifsowhichoneandforhowmuchofthetime.Nohumanright,excepttherighttolifeitself,ismorefundamentalthanthis.Aperson’sfreedomoflearningispartofhisfreedomofthought,evenmorebasicthanhisfreedomofspeech.Ifwetakefromsomeonehisrighttodecidewhathewillbecuriousabout,wedestroyhisfreedomofthought.Wesay,ineffect,youmustthinknotaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsyou,butaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsus.Wemightcallthistherightofcuriosity,therighttoaskwhateverquestionsismostimportanttous.Asadults,weassumethatwehavetherighttodecidewhatdoesordoesnotinterestus,whatwewilllookintoandwhatwewillleavealone.Wetakethisrightforgranted,cannotimaginethatitmightbetakenawayfromus.Indeed,asfarasIknow,ithasneverbeenwrittenintoanybodyoflaw.EventhewritersofourConstitutiondidnotmentionit.Theythoughtitwasenoughtoguaranteecitizensthefreedomofspeechandthefreedomtospreadtheirideasaswidelyastheywishedandcould.Itdidnotoccurtothemthateventhemosttyrannicalgovernmentwouldtrytocontrolpeople’sminds,whattheythoughtandknew.51.Toyoungpeopletherighttocontroltheirlearningis______.A.morefundamentalthanotherhumanrights B.lessfundamentalthanotherhumanrightsC.notmorefundamentalthanotherhumanrights D.notanymorethanotherhumanrights52.Accordingtothepassage,ifwetakefromsomeonehisrightofcuriosity,itmeansthat______.A.weusehisfreedomofthought B.wegainhisfreedomofthoughtC.werestorehisfreedomofthought D.wedestroyhisfreedomofthought53.Theunderlinedpronoun“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.A.citizens B.thewritersofourConstitution C.humanrights D.youngpeople54.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?A.Therighttoaskquestionsisnotinteresting. B.Therighttoaskquestionsistakenforgranted.C.Freedomofspeechisguaranteed. D.Freedomtospreadone’sideasisguaranteed.55.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.EducationForYoungPeople B.TheRightToLearnC.TheFreedomofThought D.TheRightToControlOne’sLearning【答案】51.A52.D53.A54.B55.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者认为年轻人应该有控制和指导自己学习的权利，也就是说，决定自己想学什么，什么时候学，什么地方学，怎么学，学多少，学多快，在什么帮助下学。除了生命权本身，没有什么人权比这更基本。【51题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Youngpeopleshouldhavetherighttocontrolanddirecttheirownlearning,thatis,todecidewhattheywanttolearn,andwhen,where,how,howmuch,howfast,andwithwhathelptheywanttolearnit.(年轻人应该有控制和指导自己学习的权利，也就是说，决定自己想学什么，什么时候学，什么地方学，怎么学，学多少，学多快，在什么帮助下学)”以及第二段中“Nohumanright,excepttherighttolifeitself,ismorefundamentalthanthis.(除了生命权本身，没有什么人权比这更基本)”可知，