甘肃省兰州市高三一诊英语试题

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATravelexpertsacrosstheglobepublishmuchanticipatedliststhataimtoexcitereadersaboutupingtraveltrends.Hereisa2018listthaturgestravelerstoexplorenewcities,trynewfood,experiencenewculturesandgainnewviews.ChileThislong,skinnysliceofSouthAmericasuccessfullypacksapowerfulpunch,withstrangecharmsinValparaiso,excellentwineintheMaipoValleyanddiverselandscapesacrosstheArcadianDesert,ChileanPatagoniaandEasterIsland.Flyingisthemostconvenientwaytogetaround,butflightsarenotcheap.Busesaremorewalletfriendly,andChile’sbussystemisefficient,butbusjourneyscaneasilytake17to36hours.MontenegroThecountry’scoastlineisitsbestfeature,anditswindingcoastalroadsandmountainmeetsoceanscenerycreatetheperfectbackgroundforaroadtrip.SleepyseasidetownsalongtheBayofKotorarehometomomandpoprestaurantsandeleganthotels,whilethewalledcityofKororoffersviewsoftheclassicredrooftopsoftheAdriatic.MadagascarMadagascar，theworld’sfourthlargestislandoneofthemostbiodiverse(生物多样的)placesontheplanet,hasbeenrapidlyaffectedbyclimatechange.Visitingthecountrycanserveasaneducationalopportunityfortravelerswhowanttounderstandthebadeffectsofglobalwarmingandirresponsiblehumanactions,Somecan’tmissexperiencesinMadagascarincludeswimmingandsnorkelingaroundNosyBe,spottinglemurs(狐猴)inRanomafanaNationalPark,admiringtherockylandscapesofIsaloNationalParkandasunsetwalkalongtheAvenueoftheBaobabs.AbuDhabi,theUAEAfter10yearsofplanningandnearly$2billionincosts,theLouvreAbuDhabicelebrateditsgrandopeningonNov.11,2017.Now,loversofartandarchitectureareracingtotheUnitedArabEmirates’capitaltosecitsnewestfeatofmoderndesigntheproductofFrencharchitectJeanNouvel.TheLouvreAbuDhabi’sslogan,“seehumanityinanewlight”,drawsattentiontothemuseum^missiontoemphasizethemonalitiesandcelebratethedifferencesbetweenEasternandWesternart. WhileinAbuDhabi,travelerscanalsocheckoutthecity’sotherfamousarchitecturalwonderSheikhZayedGrandMosquewhichwasratedtheworldssecondbestlandmarkinTripAdvisor’s2017Travelers’ChoiceAwards.1.WhichofthefollowingisadisadvantageoftravellingbybusinChile?A.Itisveryexpensive.B.Itmaynothelpyousavetime,C.Busesdon’trunatbusyhours.D.Busesarealwaysverycrowded.2.WhatdoyouknowabouttravellinginMadagascarfromthepassage?A.If$muchcheaperlogoaroundbybusthanbyplane.B.Youcantakeagoodtripalongthebeautifulcoastalroads.C.Youcanlearnmoreabouttheimpactsofclimatechange,D.It’sagoodchancetosecgreenmountainsandredrooftops.3.Ifyouareinterestedinartandarchitecture,youcantravelto________.A.Chile B.Montenegro C.Madagascar D.AbuDhabi,theUAEBAsuccessfulbusinessman,addressingthemercialclubofhiscity,toldastoryofanorphan(孤儿)namedJim.Jimwas12yearsold,whowasthelaughingstockofthewholetown.Heneverrememberedhavingakindwordspokentohiminhiswholelife.OnedayasJimwalkeddownthestreet,hesawsomeflowersslipfromalittlelady’sarmsjustinfrontofhim.Jimgathereduptheflowersandreplacedtheminherarms.“Thankyou,dear;youareanicelittleboy.”shesaidkindly,andwentonherwayaftergivinghimabrightsmile.Jimwasamazed.Thesewerethefirstkindwordshehadeverheardinhiswholetwelveyearsofexistence.Hestoodandstaredafterheruntilshewasoutofsight,thenhemadestraightforastream.Hesatdownonthebankofthestreamanddidsomethinking.“Thankyou,dear;youareanicelittleboy,”hethought.Finallytheboypulledfromhispocketsapieceofbrokenmirrorandlookedathimself.Hesawnothingbutdirt.Hewentdowntothewaterandwashedhisfacecarefully,almostpainfully.Thenhelookedagain.Hescarcelyrecognizedhimself.Hestoodstraightandlookedupinsteadofdownforthefirsttimesincehecouldremember.Afeedingofselfrespectawokewithinhisbeing.Atthatmomentthecourseofhislifewaschanged;adeterminationtobeworthyofthekindwordsspokentohimbythelittlelady,andtopassthemon,tookpossessionofhissoul.AftertellingthisstoryofJim,thespeakerpausedandthenheshockedtheaudiencebysaying,“Gentlemen,Iwasthatboy.Thatgentlewomanimplantedinmylifethefirstseedofkindness.AsatributetohermemoryIhavetoldyouthisstory.”4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thelaughingstock”inparagraph2?A.Jimlikedplayingjokesonothers.B.Jimwasalwayslaughedatbyothers,C.Jimwasgoodatmakingothershappy.D.Jimhadinterestintellingfunnystories.5.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribethelady?A.Brave. B.Clever. C.Friendly. D.Honest.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Jimwantedpeopletosaykindwordstoothers.B.Theladybecameveryfamousbecauseofthatstory.C.ItwasthefirsttimeforJimtotellhisstorytoothers.D.Jimmadeatotofmoneybytellinghisstoriestoothers.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AStoryofJim B.AGoodLady C.AKindWord D.ASuccessfulBusinessmanCChildrenallovertheworldwhohavetriedthepotatoorlemonbatteryexperimentsknowthatanelectricalcurrentcanbegeneratedbycreatingareactionbetweenthefoodandtwodifferentmetals.However,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhavefoundawaytoharvestpowerfromtrees.Theyusethesamemetalforbothelectrodes(电极)specificallyinordernottoconfusethiseffectwiththepotatoeffect.Whileprovingthattreescanprovideasourceofpowerisasignificantstep,akeyquestionremains:canthetinyvoltage(电压)producedbyatreebeusedforanythinguseful?Nowscientistsaredebatingoverhowtousethispowersourceforhumanbenefits.Themostpracticalthingisfirealarmforforestdepartment,originatingfromthetreeitself.Treeselectricpowercanchargeabattery.Thisbatteryinturnwillbeconnectedtoasmallsensor.Thissensorwillpowerabriefradiotransmission(传送).Thatradiosignalwilltransportdailysoilandairconditionmeasurementstoanetworkofmuchlarger,solarpoweredForestServiceenvironmentalmonitoringstations.Thosesensorswiltalsogiveoutacrisissignalintheeventofasuddenriseinairtemperaturethatmightindicatetheoutbreakofaforestfire.“Itrulybelieveithaspotential,”saidVictoriaHenderson,branchchiefforequipmentandchemicalsattheForestServicedNationalInteragencyFireCenter.“Ifthiscanenhance(提高)ourexistingtechnologytoadegreethatwouldgainusalotmorefireprotection,thenwe’dlookataplantopurchaseitforournationwideinfrastructure(基础设施),whichishuge.”ResearchershavediscoveredthatthegreaterthepHdifferencebetweenthetreeandthesoilthemoretheenergywillbeproduced.Someresearchersalsoadmitthat“treepower”isn’taspracticalassolarenergy,butbelievethatthesystemcouldbescaledupasalowcostoptionforpoweringtreesensorsthathelpdetectenvironmentalconditionsorforestfires,Usingtheelectronicoutputtokeeptrackofatree’shealthisanotherpossibility.8.Whydoestheauthormentionthepotatobatteryexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainwhatitis.B.Tostresstheimportanceofelectricity.C.Tointroducethepowersourcefromtrees.D.Toencouragepeopletotrythisexperiment.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthefirealarmmentionedinthethirdparagraph?A.Thefirealarmcanmakeaveryloudsound.B.Smokefromafirecancausethealarmtogooff.C.Theelectricpoweritneedsesfromthetree.D.Ithasbeenwidelyusedintheforestdepartment.10.What’sVictoriaHenderson’sattitudetowardsthefirealarmsystem?A.Cautious. B.Favorable. C.Disapproving. D.Unconcerned,11.Whatcausestreestocreateelectricalcurrents?A.Thesensorimplantedinthetree.B.Thenewwayadoptedbytheresearchers.C.Thespecialmetalusedinthebatteryexperiment.D.ThepHdifferencebetweenthesoilandthetrees.DInthelastfewyears,youmayhavenoticedtheterra“microplastics”inthenews.Microplasticsaretinypiecesofplasticfromdiscarded(丢弃的)plasticbottles,bagsandcontainersthatendupinrivers,lakesandoceans.Becausetheyaresotinyandhardtosee,researcherssetsailtocollectwatersamplesandestimatetheamountofplasticintheocean.The5GyresInstitute,anorganizationaimedatreducingplasticspollutioninouroceans,estimatesthat296,000tonsofplasticarefloatingintheworld’soceans.But,ifyouthinkthatoceansaretheonlywaterbodieswithamicropiasticsproblem,thinkagaintheproblemisalsoreportedintheChesapeakeBay,inourownbackyard.Inapartnershipwiththe5GyresInstitute,TrashFreeMarylandtooktotheChesapeakeBayinNovembertostudythepresenceofmicropiasticsinthewater.SettingoutfromDeale,Md.,theresearchteamcollectedsevensamplesbydraggingatrawl(拖网)foranhouratatime.Thetrawlwasfittedwithaconeshaped(锥形的)net,whoseholesmeasure330microns(微米)wide,aboutthewidthoftwotothreestrandsofhumanhair.Waterflowsthroughthemainopeningandthefinemesh(网眼)ofnetensuresanythingsuspendedmthewateristrappedbehind.Insevensamples,thenetpickedupalgae(海藻)trash,foamandplastic.Accordingtothe5GyresInstituterepresentative,thefirstsamplecollectedcontainedalmost10timestheamountofplasticthanwouldbecollectedinatypicaloceansample.TheplasticfoundintheChesapeakeBaysamplesincludedbitsofbags,sheeting,fishinglineandmicrobeads,whicharesmallplasticscrubbersmmfoundinfacewash,toothpasteandcleaningproducts.Microbeadsinparticularareamajorsourceofmicroplasticspollutionworldwide.Theyaresmallenoughtobypasswatertreatmentsystems’filters(过滤器)andendupinwaterways.Scientistswarnthatchemicalsandtoxins(毒素)absorbedbymicrobeadsandothermicropiasticscouldbepassedontoorganismswhomistakethemforfoodandeatthem,andcouldthenbepasseduphigherandhigheronthefoodchain,eventuallyreachinghumans.12.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thedescriptionofthetrawl.B.Thebasicdataofthewatersamples.C.Theprocessofcollectingwatersamples.D.TheintroductionofTrashFreeMaryland.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Bitsofbags. B.Chemicals. C.Microbeads. D.Micropiastics.14.Howdocstheauthorproveplasticspollutioncanbeharmfultopeopleshealth?A.Byanalyzingthedata. B.Bymakingparisons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples. D.Byreferringtoscientistsviews.15.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainsomenewscientifictermstopeople.B.Toletpeoplelearnmoreaboutplasticspollution.C.Tourgegovernmentstomakeenvironmentallaws.D.Totellpeoplesomenewfindingsinscientificresearch.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatisfriendship?Theanswersmaybedifferent._16_.Wecannotlivewithoutfriendshipjustaswecannotlivewithoutairandwater.Friendshipgivesusafeelingofsafetyandwarmth,andfriendshipencouragesustogoaheadallthetime._17_.Whenwefeelhappy,wecanshareourhappinesswithfriends.Whenwefeeldown,friendswillfortus.Ifweareoverconfident,ourfriendscanpersuadeus,andtheycanmakeusconfidentandbravewhenwearediscouraged.Friendshipisvaluable.Itcantouchyourheartandgiveyouhope.Manypeopleareproudofhavingagoodfriend._18_.Ifyouhelpyourfriendsfornoreasonbutsimplybecausetheyareyourfriends,thismeansthatyouregardyourfriendsasyourself.Thisistruefriendship.Infact,friendshipisn’talwayseasilykept._19_,youshouldtreathimorherlikeyouwanttobetreated.Keepthesecretsthatyourfriendtellsyou.Keepyourpromisewithyourfriend.Sharethingswithyourfriend.Stickupforyourfriend.Weshouldtryourbesttoprotectthefriendshipfrombeinghurt.Asanoldsayinggoes,“Friendshipcannotstandalwaysononeside.”Truefriendshipshouldbeabletostandailkindsoftests.Becauseoffriendship,ourlivesarefullofhappiness.Therefore,themorefriendswehave,themorepleasurewecansharewiththem.Let’ssay“Thankyou”toourfriendsfortheirloveandcare._20_,neverforgettokeepthebeautifulfriendship!A.WhenyouwanttokeepafriendB.Ifnot,theirfriendshipstillcannotlastlongC.NomatterwherewegoorwhowebeeD.EveryoneneedsfriendsandiseagertogetfriendshipE.TruefriendshipmustbesincereandmustnothaveconditionsF.ButonethingisclearthatfriendshipisthemostimportantthinginourlifeG.Sometimespeoplehavegoodfriendswhentheyareyoungandstudyinginschool.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MydaughterKellyisacautiousperson.Sheneedstowarmuptosituations,andis_21_totrynewthings.Whenwithclosefriends,shebeesa_22_wholaughsloudlyandchants,“Girlsrule,boysdrool.”Butwhenthat_23_zoneisnotaroundher,sheisshyand_24_.Thishasbeenchallengingforme_25_.“Shy”isnotawordthatIthinkhaseverbeenusedto_26_me.Butthishasbeenayearof_27_formygirlthathasfilledherwithanewsenseof_28_.Thisyearshemovedtolaplaneinswimmingwhereshewaspreparingforaswimteam.Thisyearsheteamedtorideabikewithouttrainingwheels.Andthisyearshe_29_herfirstkids’triathlon(三项全能).OnSaturday,withathunderstormingsoonandmyson’sbirthdaypartylaterintheday,weallwentoutinthedarkofthemorningforKellyto_30_herfirsttriathlon.Wepracticedtransitionsfromswimto_31_andtorunwithher.Wegotalltheequipmentshe’dneedandwekepttalkingaboutthe_32_.Butaswewaitedthetwohoursfortheolderkidstofinishbeforeher_33_,she_34_mylegalittleharderandtoldmeshelovedmeafewtoomanytimes.Shewasnervousbuttryingtokeepcalm.Andthenitwastimeforhertogo.Fromthesecondshejumpedintothewater,myheart_35_quickly.Mydaughter_36_intothemostconfidenthumanbeingIhadeverseen.Shedominatedthatswim,crushedthatbikerideandrantothe_37_withthebiggestsmileonherface.IcanhonestlysaythatIneverfeltso_38_ofsomeoneinmyentirelife.Itwasn’tbecauseshedidasportoranythinglikethat.Itwasbecauseshewasafraidofsomethingand_39_thatfearwithconfidenceandafireIhadn’tseenbefore.AlldayIwouldfindmyselfjustlookingoveratherandsmiling.ShemightbewearingthefinalistmedalbutIfeltlikeI_40_thatclay.21.A.brave B.eager C.hesitant D.willing22.A.troublemaker B.leader C.thinker D.fighter23.A.fort B.danger C.hardship D.promise24.A.scary B.nervous C.painful D.thrilled25.A.sometimes B.sometime C.ontime D.attimes26.A.attract B.catch C.describe D.meet27.A.firsts B.seconds C.finals D.ends28.A.circumstance B.confidence C.coincidence D.dependence29.A.defeated B.lost C.pleted D.quitted30.A.arrange B.attend C.achieve D.acpany31.A.bus B.bike C.taxi D.motorcycle32.A.race B.life C.test D.assignment33.A.chance B.turn C.failure D.success34.A.held B.pressed C.squeezed D.scratched35.A.settled B.arose C.sank D.rose36.A.translated B.transplanted C.transformed D.transported37.A.stand B.summit C.deadline D.finish38.A.ashamed B.sensible C.proud D.critical39.A.seized B.conquered C.grasped D.possessed40.A.won B.lost C.reserved D.removed第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Parkour(跑酷)isasportwhichtrainspeopletodealwithanyphysicalobstaclesintheirpath.Itisnotapetitionbutaphysicaltraining.Apersonjoininginparkouriscalledatraceur.Traceursrunalongapathanduseonlytheirbodiestodealwiththeobstaclesinthemostefficientway.Parkourpaysmoreattentiontoefficiency,_41_(make)itdifferentfromthesimilarpracticeoffreerunning.Parkour_42_(mon)includesrunningjumping,climbing,rollingandothersimilartypesofphysicalmovements.Manyteenagersthinkthatparkourisquite_43_coolsport.Theyhavegreatinterestinit.The_44_(invent)ofparkourcan’t__45_(give)toonepersonbecausemanypeoplehaveworkedonit.AFrenchofficerdevelopedtheearlierformofparkour.Theterm“parkour”wasfirstintroducedbyDavidBelleandSebastianFoucanintheearly1980s._46_thattime,theyweretwoteenagers.Thissport_47_(bee)morepopularinthe1990swhenmanyfilmsweremadeonit._48_makesparkourdifferedfromothersportsisitspowertobringpeopletogether.Itallowstraceurstoforgetthe_49_(society)andotherproblems,andmakesalargegroupworkingandgrowingtogetherinsteadofpetingwitheachother.Peoplecanbenefitfromparkourasitcanmakethemstronger.Still,italsoinfluencesone’sthoughtprocessbyimprovingselfconfidenceandcriticalthinkingskills.Inthisway,parkourallowsonetodealwith_50_(difficulty)indailylifeifheorshedealswiththemthroughparkour.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限—词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Yesterdayafternoonmyfriends,XiaoMing,andIwentskatingonthelake.Assoonaswegothere,webegantoskatehappily.Suddenly,Inoticedsomethingusual.ThemomentIwarnedXiaoMingtotakecareof,theicebrokebutheslippedintothewater.Ihadnochoicebutcryforhelp.Afterhearingmycry,ayoungmanrushedover,jumpedintothelakeandtriedmybesttoswimtowardsXiaoMing,thatwasstragglinginthecoldwater.Atlast,XiaoMingwassavedbuttheyoungmanleftwithoutsayanything.Wewerealldeeplymovedbywhathehavedone.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，你校近期将举办全市高中生中国古代诗词大会（ChineseAncientPoetrypetition）。你想邀请一直对中国古代诗词非常感兴趣的外教Mr.Smith观看本次比赛。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.比赛目的；2.比赛时间、地点。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearMr.Smith,Howareyougoing?___________________________________________