高考英语大二轮复习讲义专题一阅读理解5说理议论

A(2017·四川宜宾二次诊断)Famouspeoplehavealotofinfluencesonculturaltrends，likeitornot.WhenOprahgoesona21dayvegandiet，itmakesheadlines.WhenAmalClooneywearsaStellaMcCartneydress，salesgowayup.However，onetrendthatseemsharmless—butisactuallyharmful—isthepressureonstarstohavetheirphotostakenwithrareanimals.Famouspeoplewhoareaskedtohavephotostakenwithwildanimalsforamagazinespreadorwhodosowhileonvacationalwayshavegoodintentionsandevenloveanimals.Thismakesthemeasytargetsfortheoftengreedyamusementparksandfakeanimalcenters.Thesebusinesspeoplelovethethoughtofsharingpicturesofastarhuggingababytigerorawhale.Kindpeoplearenaturallydrawntoplacesthatclaimtoofferrareanimalssafetyandareeagertoseeelephantspaint，tohugbabybearsortoswimwithdolphins.However，beingfrequentlyexposedhasshownthatmanyofthesebusinesspeoplearebreeders(饲养动物者)，dealersorexhibitorsthatareusingstars’goodwillfortheirownends.InsomeAsiancountries，elephantsarekeptincamps.Afewcampsareworkingtohelpelephantsintrouble，butthevastmajorityarenot，andtrainingmethodsarebarbaric.AssoonasthecamerasaregoneaftersomeonelikePrinceWilliamtakesaphotowithanelephant，thechainsgobackon.Fanstellthestars：Stayawayfromwildanimalphotos，andtheanimalswillbegrateful.Ofcourse，youdon’thavetobefamoustomakeadifference.Whetherrighthereathomeoratanexoticlocaleabroad，everyoneofusmustfightthedesiretotakeaphotowithanelephantorhugababytiger.语篇解读本文为议论文。为了表达对动物的热爱，一些名人常与动物一起拍照。这种现象已经成为一种文化潮流，但作者认为在大部分情况下，这种方式有百害而无一利。1．WhyareOprahandAmalClooneymentionedinParagraph1?A．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.B．Topromotetheculturalinfluenceonstars.C．Toremindpeoplehowimportantthetrendis.D．Toshowfamouspeople’spressurefromwildanimals.答案A解析推理判断题。第一段的最后一句作者点出本文的主题，由此可见作者首先提及Oprah及AmalClooney旨在引出主题，故答案为A项。2．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thebusinesspeopleofferchancestostarstogetclosetoanimals.B．Famousstarsusephotoswithrareanimalstomakeadifference.C．Businessmentakeadvantageofstars’goodwilltoearnmoney.D．Thekindandrichpeopleareeasilyattractedtovisitwildanimals.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“...manyofthesebusinesspeoplearebreeders，dealersorexhibitorsthatareusingstars’goodwillfortheirownends.”可知答案为C项(商人利用明星们的善意来赚钱)。其他三项在文中均未被提及，故全部排除。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barbaric”inParagraph3mean?A．Effective. B．Cruel.C．Scientific. D．Kind.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“...butthevastmajorityarenot...”和其后一句“AssoonasthecamerasaregoneaftersomeonelikePrinceWilliamtakesaphotowithanelephant，thechainsgobackon.”可推知：训练动物的方法是残忍的(cruel)，故答案为B项。4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thenumberofelephantsandtigersisincreasing.B．Keepingawayfromanimalpicturescanprotectthem.C．Peoplewillbeencouragedtotakephotoswithanimals.D．Thefamousmayhaveanegativeinfluenceonculturaltrends.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句可推知本题答案为D项(名人对文化潮流可能会造成负面影响)。B(2017·江西九江十校联考)Asgraduationdrawsnear，thosewhohaven’tlandedajobyetmaybedesperatetofindone.Perhapssomeofthejobofferstheyhavereceivedarebelowtheirskillandexperiencelevels.Isitbettertotaketheseoffers，orrejectthemandremainunemployed?Recently，DavidPedulla，aUniversityofTexassociologist，conductedastudyabouthowtakingajobbelowyourskilllevelcouldaffectyourfutureemployment.Inthestudy，Pedulladevelopedresumesforimaginaryjobapplicants.Thejobseekershecreatedhadafewthingsinmon.Theyhadacollegedegree，workednearlytwoyearsattheirfirstjob，andabout4.5yearsattheirsecondjob.Whatdifferedwastheirthirdjobinthemostrecentyear.Theyeitherhadafulltimejobthatmatchedtheirskills，aparttimejobbelowtheirskilllevels，orwereunemployed.ThenPedullasubmitted2,420resumesbasedonhisimaginaryjobseekers，alongwithcoverletters，toonlineadsfor1,210realjobs.Eachapplicanthadarealphonenumberthatemployerscouldcontactiftheywereinterestedintalkingwiththeapplicantfurther.Thecallbackratesvariedwidelybasedonhowtheimaginaryjobseekershadspenttheirlastyear.Theapplicantswhohadfulltimejobsthepreviousyearwerecalledback10.4percentofthetime.Thosewhosemostrecentyearofemploymentwasinajobbelowtheirskilllevelswereonlycalledbackabout5percent.Maleapplicantsunemployedforayearwerecalledback4.2percentofthetime，whilethefigureis7.5percentforunemployedfemales.However，Pedullacautionedthattheexperimentonlymeasuredtheinitialinterestofemployersinhisfictionaljobcandidates，notwhethertheemployerswouldhirethemorwhattheywouldbepaidbasedontheirmostrecentjobexperiences.语篇解读工作与自身水平相称有多重要？你对于自己的第一份工作有何打算？仓促上岗使不得，每份工作都会影响你未来发展的轨迹。5．Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphis.A．toleadinthetopicB．topresentanargumentC．toshockthereadersD．todescribethepresentsituationinjobseeking答案A解析推理判断题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要介绍了美国一位社会学家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作，可能会影响未来就业前途”的调查。根据第一段的内容可知其目的主要是引出话题。6．WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutPedulla’sexperiment?A．Theapplicantshadsomethingsinmonattheirfirsttwojobs.B．Theapplicants’resumesandphonenumbersarecreatedbyPedulla.C．Theapplicants’mostrecentjobexperiencesaffectedthecallbackrates.D．Unemployedfemaleapplicantsgotahighercallbackratethanmales.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Eachapplicanthadarealphonenumberthatemployerscouldcontact...”可知B项不符合原文；根据第三段的第二、三两句可排除A；根据倒数第二段的第一句可排除C；根据倒数第二段的最后一句可排除D。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Theapplicantswithahighcallbackratewouldsurelybehired.B．Theapplicants’mostrecentjobexperienceswoulddecidetheirsalaries.C．Therearesomelimitsaboutwhatlessonscanbetakenfromthestudy.D．Itisbettertotakeajobofferbelowone’sskilllevelthantorejectit.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“However”“cautioned”“onlymeasured”等词语可推断出从这个研究中学到的东西有局限性。8．Inwhichsectionmaythetextappearinanewspaper?A．Career. B．Science.C．Culture. D．Education.答案A解析文章出处题。文章主要介绍了美国得克萨斯大学的一位社会学家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作，会如何影响未来就业前途”的调查。故最有可能在职场版面见到这篇文章。C(2017·第二次全国大联考)Therearemanyusefulthingswecandoeachdaytofeelbetter.Itmaytakesomeeffortsandtimetomakeahabitofdrinking8glassesofwaterdailyorthinkingmorepositively，butitiswellworthit.Whatthingsdoyoudoeverydaytofeelbetter?Probablythehealthiestthingyoucandotofeelbettereachdayistoexerciseearlyinthemorning.Youdon’thavetorunthewholemorningorspendafewhoursinthegym.Evendoingsomeeasyexerciselikewalking，situpsorjumpingtheropewillhelpyoufeelbetterinnotime!Again，duetoourbusyschedules，wedon’tgetenoughsleepeachnight.Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep，avoidwatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetrightbeforebed.Also，trytomakehealthybedtimesnackchoicesanddon’tdrinkteaorcoffeetoolateintheday.Ifyoudrink3glassesofwater,4glassesofcoffeeorteaandaglassofsodaeachdayandthinkthatyoudrinkenoughwater，thinkagain.Yourbodyneedswater(notcoffeeorsoda！)tofunctionproperly.Aimingtodrink7－8glassesofwatereachdaycanmakeyoufeelbetter.Beingpositiveisthekeytoalongerlife.Positivethoughtscanhelpimproveyouroverallhealth.Lifeisfullofstressfulsituationsandit’shardtostaycheerfulwheneverythinggoeswrong，butyourpositiveattitudecanhelpyousolveanyproblemandfightanystressfasterandeasier.Yourpositiveattitudeisespeciallygoodforyourhearthealth.Smile，staypositiveandlivealongerlife!语篇解读本文介绍了为获得身心健康和长寿，人们应该做的事情和应该有的处世态度。9．Intheauthor’sopinion，whichcanbenefitusmostinorderthatwefeelbetter?A．Sleepingenough.B．Drinkingenoughwater.C．Thinkingmorepositively.D．Takingmorningexercises.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知。10．WhichofthefollowingagreeswithwhatissaidinParagraph3?A．Drinkingteaorcoffeemakesussleepless.B．Drinkingteabeforebedmakesithardertofallasleep.C．WatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetleadstolesssleep.D．Ourbusyschedulescausemoredifficultyinfallingasleep.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep，avoidwatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetrightbeforebed.Also，trytomakehealthybedtimesnackchoicesanddon’tdrinkteaorcoffeetoolateintheday.”可知选B。11．Whyiswaternecessarytoourbody?A．Becauseitcanmakeusfeelbetter.B．Becauseitcanhaveourbodyworksmoothly.C．Becauseitcandomoregoodtoourbodythancoffee.D．Becauseitcanhelpavoidfeelingthirsty.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Yourbodyneedswater(notcoffeeorsoda！)tofunctionproperly.”可知选B。12．Whatdoweneedmostwheneverythinggoeswrong?A．Thinkingpositively.B．Thinkingoutwiseways.C．Havingarightattitude.D．Stayingcheerful.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“it’shardtostaycheerfulwheneverythinggoeswrong，butyourpositiveattitudecanhelpyousolveanyproblemandfightanystressfasterandeasier”可知选A。

D(2017·山东淄博二模)EversinceDonaldTrumpwaselectedthepresidentoftheUS，theentireTrumpfamilyhasbeenputunderamicroscope.InChina，thespotlighthasbeenmainlyfocusedonTrumpandhisdaughterIvanka.SheisdescribedonWeChatasanextremelyinfluentialrolemodelwithstrikingbeauty，asuccessfulcareer，andahappyfamily.Sheleadsadreamlifethatamilliongirlswouldlongfor.Yes，shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.There’salwaysgoingtobearticlesthatsaypeoplebornintowealthyfamiliesarebetterlookingandhaveabetterfamilybackgroundthanyou，butthesepeopledoworkharderthanyou.Thereisatendencyinthemedianowadaystoencourageelitism(精英主义)．Theyaretryingtobrainwashyoungpeopleintothinkingthattheyshouldinvestanenormousamountoftimeandmoneyinbodybuildingandappearanceimprovement，evenplasticsurgery.Theymakeyoubelievethatifyoudoastheysay，youcanimprovethequalityofyourlifeandjointheupperclass.Butwhat’sthedownsideofbeingaverageormon？Doyoureallyneedtogotothegymfivedaysaweekunlessyouareagymcrazy？Doyoureallyneedtobreakyourneckandsacrificetoearnyourfirstpotofgoldonlytoworryconstantlyabouthowtofitinhighsocietylater?Don’tlettheideaofelitismgettoyou.Everybodyhasarighttothelifetheywant.Humanbeingsshouldnotbejudgedasasuccessorfailurebasedonwhethertheyareapartoftheupperclassornot.Aslongasyouleadahappyandfortablelife，whybothertochaseafterotherpeople’sshadows？Chooseyourownlifepathandgoforit.语篇解读本文为议论文。本文由美国新当选总统特朗普的女儿伊万卡的“完美人生”引发人们的思考——人们是否必须成为“精英”并过“精英生活”？13．WhichofthefollowingaboutIvankaisNOTmentionedinthetext?A．Shewasborninawealthyfamily.B．Shemadeitduetoherfather.C．Shehasasuccessfulcareer.D．Sheisprettybeautiful.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“strikingbeauty”“asuccessfulcareer”及“wasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth”可排除A、C、D三项。B项(她是靠她的父亲成功的)与第二段最后一句“Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.”不符，故答案为B项。

14．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetendencyinthemediaaboutelitism?A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful.C．Negative. D．Approving.答案C解析观点态度题。根据文章最后两段可推知作者对媒体鼓励“精英主义”这一趋势持否定态度，故答案为C项。15．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．RunAfterStars’ShadowsB．ElitismandtheUpperClassC．TrumpandHisDaughterIvankaD．FollowYourOwnCourseinLife答案D解析标题归纳题。作者在文章最后一句点出了本文的主题(选择你自己的路并走下去)，故答案为D项。Ⅰ.单词梳理1．Freezingwinterisharmful(harm)toorangetrees.2．Theireffortstoimprovetheproductionhavebeenveryeffective(effect)．3．Hehadjustattendedhisdaughter’sgraduation(graduate)．4．Hedesperately(desperate)sawherdisappearintothecrowd.5．Recently(recent)theyhavediscoveredaet(彗星)．6．Hestatedpositively(positive)thathehadneverseentheman.7．Althoughmyu