2023年大学生英语竞赛C类决赛真题试卷

２023年大学生英语竞赛(ＮECＣＳ)C类决赛真题试卷ＰartⅡVocabｕｌaｒｙandＳtｒｕｃture31.Tｈepresidenｔ'sｅduｃatｉonspeeｃhescontａｉｎed___＿__thetｏｎｇｕeleadｉngｔopubliｃconfｕsionovｅreducatｉonｐolｉｃy．A．aslideofB．aslipofC.ａskｉpofD．aｇlideof３２．Tｈeword"ｒiｇht",ｉnmｏstｌaｎguaｇeｓ,isuｓｕalｌyconnｅcｔed_____＿themeaninｇof＂correｃｔ",ｗhｅrｅasｔheworｄsassoｃiate___＿__"lｅｆt＂，gｅnｅｒallyhａvenegaｔiｖemeanings.A．tｏ:withＢ．with:toC.tｏ:ｔｏD.with:with３３．Gａspｒｉｃｅｓrose４％ｉnApril,ａ＿_____riｓebutthesmａlleｓtｓinｃeJanuａｒy.Ａ.MiｇhｔｙB．SｅvereＣ．ＳｔeepＤ．massiｖe３4.Itseｅmｓaveryｓｉmplethｉngtoｔelltｈｅtruth，bｕtbeyonｄallｑuｅｓｔiｏn,thｅreisnoｔhinｇ＿____＿lying.A.halfsoeaｓyasB．sohalfeasyａｓC.hａlｆｅａsyasD．soｅaｓyasｈａｌｆ35.___＿＿_untilrｅcently,peoplｅｗhoarelefｔ-hａｎdedhａveｂeeｎconsidｅredaｂnormａｌ.A.UpB．UｎlesｓC．DｏwnD．Noｔ３6．Sorrｙａｂoｕtｔheloss.Butit'ｌlgiveyousomereliefiｆyｏurhouｓeis＿_＿＿__agaiｎsｔｆiｒｅ.Ａ.AssureｄＢ.EnsｕredC.ＩnｓuｒedＤ．plｅdｇed37．Ｗｈen＿_＿_＿_ｉnadownpourwithoutanuｍbrｅlｌaoｒaraincoat，mostpｅopleｗouldpiｃｋuptheirpaｃe.Ａ．SunkB.CａｕghｔC.ＰlｕnｇedD．graｂbed3８．In１９93，Ｖ.Ｓ．NａｉpaulwasawaｒdedtｈeＤａｖidCｏｈenＢｒitishＬiteraturePrizein____＿_ofhiｓｌiｆｅtime'sachievemｅnt．Ａ．IｄentｉｆiｃａｔｉonＢ.AｃｑuａiｎtａnceＣ.ＲｅｃｏgｎｉtiｏｎD.peｒsｐective3９．Manylｉｎguiｓｔs_＿__＿_thａtｏurhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswiｔhiｎnaｔelａnｇuａgeabilitｙnotfounｄinlｏweｒｏrganiｓmｓ.A.SｕggeｓtB．ClａimC.PromｉsｅＤ.cｏnvincｅ４0.I＇mｉnaslｉgｈtlｙ_＿_＿＿_positｉoninthaｔheｉsnotarrivinguntil12:00wｈicｈｉs３hoursｌａｔe.A.TｉghtＢ．WeｉｒdC.AwesoｍeD.aｗkｗarｄ41．Tａctlessｓｈｅmａyｂe，butunｇratｅｆul__＿___tｈinkher.A．ｓｈouldnotyｏuＢ.sｈoｕlｄyｏunｏtC.notshouｌdｙouＤ．yousｈoｕlｄｎｏt42．Ｍorethan30ｐeoplediedintｈetｒainaccident，mｏstｏf＿＿___＿chｉｌｄren.A.ＷｈiｃhＢ.ＴｈemC.ＷhｏｍD.thaｔ43.Heａdmiｔｓthatｈisｔeａｍｒeaｌlｙ＿____＿himtoｐlayaｒoleoｆｒesｐonsibility．A．lookｆorwardtoB．ｌｏoｋｄowｎonＣ.lｏokuptoＤ.looｋoｎ４4．—Dｏyouknowthｅｓtudentｓhａvｅbeeｎprotesｔinｇａgainsｔｔheｉｎｃrｅasedtｕitioｎ？—I'ｖeheardaboｕｔｔtesｔ,but____＿_A.I'vejｏinediniｔtｏｓupportthesｔudents.Ｂ.Idoｎ'tsｅｅａnｙgｏodｉtｗｉlldo.C．Ｉdｏkｎowtｈerｅasonfoｒｉｔ.D.Ｉthｉnｋit'ｌｌbｅagreatsuccesｓ.4５．—Iｈearyou'reａjoｕrnａlｉstｎow,Ｐaｕl.Ｔhａtｍustbeexciｔing.—_＿____mｏstoｆｔheｔｉｍe．Butｌikealljobｓ，ｉthasiｔｓdisadｖａntages.A．It'ｓboｒinｇB.It'sapiｅceoｆｃaｋeC．ＩthasdrawbａckｓD.Ｉt'ｓabuzzＰaｒtⅢＣlｏｚeThｅreiｓａphenｏｍenｏnthatsociologistsｃａｌｌreferｅncｅanxｉety—or,moｒｅpｏpｕlａrly,keeｐingupwｉthｔｈｅ【C1】Jo＿_＿＿__.Ａccordingtothaｔthiｎｋing,ｍostpeoplｅｊuｄgetheirpossｅｓsioｎｓparisonwｉthｏthｅｒｓ'.Peopletendｎoｔtoaskｔｈemseｌves,"Doesmyhousemeetmyｎeeds?"【C2】Ｉnｓ＿___＿＿ｔhｅyask,＂Iｓmyｈoｕｓｅnicerthanmyneigｈbor's?＂Ifyouｒｔwo－bedｒoomhｏusｅissurroundedbythree-ａnｄｆour－bedｒoomhouseｓ,withsome【C3】ar____＿_theｃornｅrｄｏｉngａtｅar-dｏwntobuilｄａMｃMansion,ｙoｕｒｒeｆeｒenceanxｉetymayriｓe．Suddeｎlythatｔwｏ-beｄｒoｏｍhouse—onｅthatyｏuｒｇranｄｐarenｔsmiｇhthaveconｓiｄeredｑｕitenｉcｅ，ｅvenluxuriouｓ—dｏesn＇tsｅemenough.Aｎdｓｏtheｍoｎeｙyouspentonitstoｐs【C4】＿__＿__（proｖidｅ)youwｉtｈaseｎseofwell-beｉnｇ.Ａmericanｓ＇soaｒｉngrefｅrenｃeaｎxietyｉｓaprodｕｃｔｏｆtheｗideｎingｇapiｎincome【Ｃ5】_＿＿＿__(distｒibute）.Ｉnotheｒwｏｒdｓ,ｔhｅｒiｃhaｒeｇｅtｔiｎgrｉcherfａｓter,andｔｈerestoｆｔhepoｐulationarenｏnetoohａｐｐyabｏuｔｉt.DuringmucｈoftｈｅU.S．ｈisｔory，the【C6】___＿＿＿(maｊoｒ)ｌivedinsmａlltownsorｕrbanａreaｓｗhｅrecondｉtionsｆｏｒmｏｓtｐｅopｌｅwereapｐroximａtｅlyｔhｅsame-hence,lｏw【C7】_____＿aｎxｉety.Also,moｓtpeopleknｅwrelａtｉｖeｌylittｌeabouｔthosewhｏwｅreliｖinghｉgｈerontｈｅhog.Butiｎtｈeｐaｓｔfｅｗ【C８】ｄe______，ｎewｅconｏmiｃfｏrceshavechａｎｇｅｄａllthat.Rapidgｒowｔhininｃomｅfoｒthetｏｐ5ｐercentofhｏuseｈolｄshasbrought【C9】ab______aｓuｂstaｎtｉaｌcohortofpeoplewholivenotablybｅtteｒthａnｔhemｉｄｄｌｅclassdoｅs,ａmpｌｉfyingｏurｒefereｎceaｎxｉeｔy．Tｈatwealthｉermｉnｏriｔyisoccｕpyinｇeｖeｒ－laｒgerhomesanｄspendingmoreoneachchaｎｇeofclotｈｅswheｎthemｉddlｅisｄoingO.Ｋ.Innａtｉｏｎswith【C10】ｈ___＿＿_leｖｅlsofinｃomeｅqｕａlityliｋｅtｈeSｃandiｎaviancｏuntriｅs，welｌ－beｉｎｇtenｄstoｂeｈigｈerｔhａｎｉnｎatioｎsｗiｔhｕnequalwｅalthdisｔrｉbutionｓｕchａsｔhｅUnitｅdStateｓ．PａrｔⅣReａdinｇCoｍpeｒhensiｏnSｅｃtioｎASｅｖeralrｅseaｒcｈgroupsｉntheＵnｉtｅdSｔatesａrecｏnｄｕcｔｉngｇenetiｃｒｅseaｒcｈaiｍｅｄａtｒetａrdingaging.Iｆthｅbreaｋthｒｏughsｏfrecentyeａｒｓareａｎythingtogoby，itiｓlikｅlyｔhatｗewｉllsｅeseveral-ｆolｄlｏngeｖiｔyincreasesinmｉcewithinｔhenｅｘtdecaｄeorso.Alreadysuｃhgeｎetiｃmanipｕlationｈasincｒeａsedbyalmost50％ｔhelifespaｎofflｉes.Resultsarealsoprｏmisinginｍammals:ｓciｅｎtisｔｓhａveｅxteｎｄeｄlonｇｅviｔyinmiceｂｙ50%ｔhrｏｕgｈｇｅｎeticｉｎtｅrventions.Ａchｉｅvｉngsiｍｉlarreｓuｌtsinhumanswillbeharｄer.Ｓcieｎtｉstshavｅａlrｅadｙidｅｎｔｉｆiｅdgeｎesthａtａppeaｒtoacｃｅlｅｒａｔeｈumａnagiｎｇ,butｔheｙhaveyｅｔｔoｆindgeneｓｗithｔhｅoｐpositｅｅｆfecｔ.Ｂutwiｔhthesequeｎcinｇofthｅhｕｍangeｎomｅ,weａrｅnoｗinaｂｅtｔｅrｐｏsitiｏｎtｏfiｎdｏuｔmｏｒeabｏｕtagingiｎｈuｍaｎｓaswellａsａｎｉmａls.Fｏｒtｈosｅｗhocannotwaｉt，tｈereiｓonemｅthｏdavailabｌeｔodaytｈatmightdelａyhumanａging,cａｌoｒiｃreｓtrictioｎ．Ｔｈismeａｎssiｍplyaｄieｔｗｉｔｈfewcａｌories.Eｘpeｒimｅnｔshaveshｏwnｌonｇevityinｃrｅａsｅsofmoreｔｈan50%ｉncｅｒtaiｎmａｍｍalstｈａtfollｏｗsuchdｉｅｔs．Mostpｅople,hoｗevｅr,feelthattｈesｅcondaryefｆectsofthｉｓoutweighthebeneｆiｔs．Ａftｅrall,whaｔiｓthｅｐｏiｎｔofliｖｉｎgｌｏngｅrifｙouｃanｎotenjｏylｉfe?Ifsｃiｅnceiｓtoeｘｔeｎdhｕmanloｎgｅvｉty,itwｉllhavetodosobyexｔendingtheduratiｏnofhumanlｉfeinage-ｒｅlaｔeddisability.Tｈｅｅｘtrayearｓｏfｌiｆemustallowｆuturｅgｒａnｄｐａrenｔstoenjoylife,notｊustlive.Althoｕghsｏmeｓcientiｓtsaｒgueｔｈａｔａgingｗillneverbｅcuredandourgrａndpareｎtsｗillcontinuｅtofitｏuｒstereoｔypes,mａnyothｅrsremaｉｎｃonfｉdentthatwewiｌlｓoｏｎlｅarｎhowtomodｕlａｔethehumaｎａgｉngprocesｓ．"Ibelｉeｖeourgenｅratｉoniｓtｈefiｒｓttｏbeabletomａpapｏssiblerｏuｔetｏindiviｄualiｍmorｔａlity，"ｓaｙｓWilliamＨaseｌtiｎe,ＣＥＯｏfＨumaｎＧenｏmeScｉｅncesInc．iｎRocｋｖiｌlｅ,Ｍａryｌaｎd.Ifatheraｐycouｌdsloｗｈumanagingｂy５0%,ｆorｉnstance,wecoulｄhave3０oｒ40ｍoreyearｓoflifｅ.Iｎthａｔtiｍe，nｅwdｉscoverieｓcouｌdbemaｄｅthaｔｗｏｕlｄalｌowuｓｔoliveｅvenlonger,andｔｈｅｃyclecouldｃoｎtinｕeuｎtilａcureｆｏraｇingiｓdiｓcoｖered."It'spoｓsiblｅthatsomepeoplea-ｌiｖenoｗmaysｔｉllｂealive４０0yｅaｒｓfromｎoｗ，"claimsgｅronｔｏｌｏgistS.MichalJazwiｎskiofLouisｉanaStaｔeｏfUｎiversityＨealthSciencｅsCｅｎter．Bｕtwhatｗouｌdｂecｏnsequencｅｓｏfextendingｈｕmanlongeｖityｏrfindingarｅａlcurefoｒagiｎｇ？Rｅsｅaｒchｅｒｓhaｖｅａｃｈｉevedsuccessiｎ【A1】＿＿＿__＿theaｇingｏffliｅs.Ｂutsimilarresultsinhｕmａnｓareｎotencouraging.Otherthaｎｆindｉngｇｅnｅstｈatslowdｏwnhuｍanagｉng,scｉeｎtiｓtshaveiｄeｎtifiedgeｎesthａtappeartｏ【Ａ2】＿＿___＿it．Howevｅr,thｅｒemightbeoｎeｗayofdelayiｎgagｉng,ｉ.e．ｃaloric【Ａ３】_＿_＿__ｗｈicｈｍｅaｎsfollowingｃertａｉndiｅｔsｗiｔｈfewcaｌｏrｉes．Ｍeanｗhｉle,ｉtｉsneｃeｓsaｒytothinkabｏuｔｔhesignｉｆicaｎceofliviｎｇloｎｇerandhowto【A４】____＿_theaｇｉngproceｓｓ.Soｍeoｐｔimiｓｔicpeoｐlebelievetｈatitispossｉbｌetｏeｘtｅｎdhuｍanlｏｎgevｉtｙwhiｌｅothｅrsarequitecｏncｅｒnedａbouｔｔhｅ【A5】_＿__＿_ｏfit．SeｃtionＢNoｍａｔｔｅrhowcarｅfulｌｙyoupｌanａtripwiｔhａfｒienｄ,orfａｍilｙmeｍber，ｔhｅrewｉllproｂａblybecoｎflｉctｓａｌｏnｇtheｗay.Eｖenafterthｅｄaｔes，ｄｅｓｔｉnation,anｄｌeｎgthｏfthetripａｒedecideｄ,there'ｓｓｔiｌlthechancethatproｂlemscｏuldhappｅnonthｅtｒip.Herearｅafewtipstohelｐｙｏusoｌvepｒobleｍstｈatmaycｏｍｅuｐbｅtwｅenyｏuａndyoｕｒtravelcomｐａｎｉoｎ:Pｌaｎthetriptoｇetｈer:Sometiｍｅsoneｐeｒｓｏntａkesｔheleａdaｎｄplansｔhetｒipｔｏｆitｈｉｓｏrheriｎtereｓｔs.Pｌanｎingtｏgetheralｌowsｆorａmorediveｒseandbalancedｖacａtｉｏn.Sｏｍepeoｐｌewaｎｔtowalk:soｍepeopｌewouldrａtherusepubliｃtranspｏrtatｉon.Soit'simportanttｏｆiｎdoｕthowcomｐａtiｂleyouarｅintｅrmｓofeverythiｎgcｏncｅrｎed.Findouｔaboutlｉｆestyle:Differｅｎcｅｓinlifeｓtylecａnbecｈallｅngiｎgｉftheyhaven'tbeendｉscｕsseｄｉnａdvance．Thｅrｅ'ｓnothingwｏrsｅthanbeiｎginｔhｅｒoｏmaｎdａwakｅat６:00a．m.ｗhｅｎyourcoｍｐａｎioｎｗantｓtosleepuntｉlnｏon.Ｓleepｐatternscaｎbeｖerｙdisｒuｐtｉｖetoｐeopｌｅtｈaｔdon'ｔhavethｅｓamｅpatｔerｎ.Thｅsamecａnｂesaidｆorｄｉｅtaryaｎdotheｒrestrictｉｏns.Ｋnoｗｉｎgthosedifｆerencesinadvancehｅｌpspeopｌeadapttｏeacｈoｔherｍorequicｋlｙ．Bｅａwarｅofcｏpiｎgstrategies：Askqｕｅｓｔiｏnsandusｅyourｕnｄｅrsｔaｎdingofyourcompanion'scoｐingstraｔegiｅｓ—howtheyｍaｙresｐｏnｄtostｒessfulsｉtuations.Ｙｏucａnaｓkyｏcｏmｐａniｏnaboｕｔhiｓ／ｈｅrbestａndworsttriｐｓ．Ｗhathappened？Howdidtｈａtpersoｎrｅspoｎd?Knowiｎgaｌｉｔtleabouthｏwｙｏurｃｏｍpaｎiondealswithｄｉfficultsｉｔuatioｎscaｎbehelｐｆul.Cｏmpｒomise：Tryｔoｃomproｍiｓeinorｄertohaveａｇooｄtime.Aｇreetoｄisaｇrｅｅ.Doyoｕｒeａｌｌywanttoｕseyourenergyｆeelingaｎgerｏnyouｒvａcａｔionｗhenyoushｏuldbeｒｅlａｘiｎganｄenｊoyingit?Bjournａｌsfｏryｏurselfａndｐartｎerｓ.Wｒitiｎgiｎjｏurnalscanｂeawaｙtoreflectoｎthetripｔoreliｅveｓomeoｆthefｒustｒationｔhatmaycｏｍeup.Takeabreak:Splitｕpｗhentensｉonｓarｅhiｇｈａndyoｕrinｔeｒｅｓtsaｒediffｅrent.Ｂesｕｒeｔosetatｉｍeanｄmeetinｇplacｅandhaveａｂackupmｅetｉngｓeｔｉncaseoｆaｎunforeseｅnｄelay.Ｐeopｌetenｄtｏfeeｌｌｉｋethｅyｈａvｅtoｓtickｔｏgetｈeｒｗheｎtheｙarｅtogethｅronatrｉｐ.Butanyboｄｙwｉthsｏｍeone2４ｈoｕrｓａｄayneedsaｂrｅakfｒomthｅotheｒpeｒson.61.Tｈisｐasｓａｇｅaiｍstoｈelｐtraｖelerssｏlveｐrobleｍsbetｗeｅnthemanｄｔheiｒtravｅlparｔneｒs．A.TURＥＢ．ＦAＬＳＥ６2．Ｌｉfｅｓtyledｉfferenceｓcａｎcausetrａvelprｏbｌeｍsｂecauseａllpeopleenｊｏyｓleｅｐｉngtillnｏoｎｗhｅnoｎｖacaｔion．Ａ．TUREB.FALSＥ63．Eventhｏｕghyourｔｒａveliｎtｅrestsaredifferent，youmustalwａysstａyｔogetｈｅrwｉthyourｔraｖelpaｒｔneｒs.A.TUＲEB．FＡLSＥ6４.Ｗｈyｄoｐｅoｐlｅhavｅｔoasｋtheirtｒavｅlｃompａnｉonaｂoｕｔhｉs/herbestａndwoｒsttripｓ?6５.Wｈichwayｍiｇhtｈelpreｌｉevetheｆrｕsｔrａtionthａtmaycomｅup?SecｔｉｏnCKｎowingｔhａtMrs．Maｌlａrｄｗasａfｆｌictｅｄwithahearttroｕble,greaｔcaｒｅwasｔakeｎｔobｒeaktoheraｓgeｎtlyaｓpossiblethenｅwsofherhusｂaｎｄ＇sdeath.Sｈedｉdnotｈeaｒtheｓtoryaｓmanywｏmenhａveheａrdthesame,ｗiｔｈapaｒaｌyｚｅdｉnabiliｔyｔoaｃcepｔｉtsｓignificaｎce．Sheweｐtａｔonce,wｉthsudｄen,wildaｂａndonment,ｉnhｅｒsiｓter'sａｒms.Wheｎｔheｓｔorｍofgｒieｆhadpａsｓeｄsｈewｅntawａytohｅｒｒｏomalｏｎe．Sheｒeｆusedtｏhaｖeａnyoｎefollowｈer.Tｈeｒestｏod,facingtheopｅｎwindｏw,acｏmfoｒtａble,roomｙarmchaｉr.Iｎtoｔhisshesａｎｋ,prｅsseddｏwnbyａphｙｓｉcaｌｅxｈaustｉoｎthatfilｌｅdｈerbodyａndｓeemeｄtorｅachｉntoｈeｒsｏuｌ．Shesａｔwiｔhｈeｒheaｄｔhｒoｗnbackuponthｅcushiｏｎofthecｈair,ｑｕitemoｔionｌｅss,exceptｗhｅｎasｏbcamｅupinｔohｅrthrｏatandshｏoｋher，asachｉldwhohascｒｉediｔsｅlfｔosｌeepｃontinuｅｓtosobiniｔsｄreａms.Shewasyouｎg,wｉtｈａｆaｉr,cａｌmｆace,wｈoｓeliｎeｓｉnｄicatｅdrepｒｅssｉｏnandｅｖenａcertaｉnstrｅngth.Buｔnowthｅreｗasadｕllstａｒeinｈｅrｅｙeｓ,whoｓegazeｗaｓfiｘedaｗａyｏｆfinｔhedisｔａnceonａｐaｔchofbｌuｅｓkｙ.Itwａsnotaｇlａnceoｆrｅfleｃｔｉon，buｔratｈerｉndicatｅｄasuｓpeｎsionofｉntelligeｎttｈought.Thｅrｅwａssoｍetｈingcomingtohｅｒandshewasｗaiｔinｇfｏrit,fearfully.Whａｔwasit?Sｈｅdidｎotｋnｏw：iｔｗａｓtoosubtleaｎdeｌusivetoｎａｍe．Buｔshefeltit,cｒeepingoutｏftheskｙ,reachinｇtowａｒdhｅrthrouｇｈｔhewounds,thescents,theｃolｏｒthatfilledtｈｅａｉr.Nowｈerbosomroseandｆellｗitheｘciｔｅmeｎt.Ｓｈｅｗaｓｂeginninｇtoreｃognizｅtｈistｈiｎｇｔhatｗasapproachｉngtｏpossessheｒ,andｓhewassｔｒｕggｌｉngtobeaｔｉtｂackwitｈherｗｉll，aｓpoｗerlesｓashｅrtwｏwｈｉｔeslｅndeｒhanｄswouldhavｅbeeｎ.Wheｎshｅａbandｏｎedherseｌfalittｌｅwhispｅｒedｗordescａpｅdhersligｈtlyparｔedlipｓ．Sheｓaidｉｔovｅrａｎdoｖｅｒunｄｅrherbrｅath,"free,free,ｆｒee！＂Theeｍptystarｅandthelooｋoｆtｅrrｏrthaｔhａｄfollｏｗeditweｎtｆrｏmherｅyes.Ｔhｅystayedsｈａrpandbrigｈｔ.Ｈｅｒｐulsesbeatfasｔ,anｄｔhecoursingｂｌoｏdwarｍｅdaｎdrelａxedｅveryinｃhｏfherbｏdy.Shedｉdnｏtstoptｏａskifitweｒeoｒwｅrenｏtamonstｒｏuｓjｏytｈatheldher．Aclearanｄｅxaltedpｅrceptioneｎabｌeｄｈertodisｍiｓｓｔhesｕggesｔioｎasoflittｌeimpoｒｔance.Shｅknewthaｔｓhewouldweepａｇaｉnwhenｓhｅsaｗtheｋiｎd,tenderhanｄsfｏldeｄｉnｄeath:ｔｈｅfaceｔhａthaｄnｅｖerlooｋedｅxceptwithｌoveuponhｅr，ｆｉxedandgrａyａnｄdead．Butshesawbeyｏndｔhatbｉｔteｒmomｅntaｌｏnｇpｒocessｉｏnoｆyｅａrstｏcomethatwoｕlｄbeｌoｎgtoheｒabsoluteｌy．Ａndｓheoｐｅnedaｎｄspreadherarmsｏuttｏthｅminwelcome.6６．Moｓｔwomenwｅｒeｓhｏckｅdｉntoa＿___＿_oｎhearｉｎgtｈeneｗsoftheｉｒhｕsｂａnds'ｄeath，butMrs．Mallarｄwasnoｔ.67.Ｗhenｒeturｎｉngｔoherrｏom,Mｒｓ.Malｌardwasｐrｅｓｓeｄdowｎby__＿__＿boｔhｐhｙsicａllｙａndmentally．68.Mrｓ．Mallard'sdｕｌlstaｒeindiｃａtedａ______ofdｅｅptｈｉｎkingratherthaｎasigｎofｃontempｌａｔioｎ.69.ＷhatwａsMｒs．Mallａrd'sfirstreactiononｈeaｒinｇherhusband'ｓdeａtｈ？A.Shepulledheｒｓelｆtogeｔｈerwithｔhehｅlpoｆheｒsisteｒ.B．Sｈestayedinｈerroomａndｒｅfuｓeｄtomeetanyone.C.Ｓｈｅabaｎdoｎedherselfinｔogriefforawhiｌｅ.D．Ｓhecoulｄn＇ｔstopweepiｎgaｎdcryinｇ.70.HoｗdiｄMrs.Maｌｌａｒdfeelｔowaｒｄsheｒｈuｓbanｄ＇ｓdeathatthｅeｎd?A．Biｔtｅｒｂｕtrｅlieved.B.Ｆeａrfulbutrelaxed．C．Ｄullanddespｅratｅ.D.Caｌmandsuｓpiciｏus.SｅctｉonDNoＣreａtｕｒescａnｓtriｄeａshｕｍanbｅings.Theyaｒenｏtpｈyｓicaｌｌｙdｅsignedtosuｐporｔandbalanceａｖertiｃａlbodybａlancedｏｎtwoｌｏnglowerliｍｂｓ,propelｌedfoｒwardｂｙafootengiｎeeredｅxｃｌuｓivelyｆoｒｂodｙsupportanｄfｏrwarｄpropulｓｉｏｎanｄｔodosowiｔhastridｅathｉgh-speedlocoｍotｉon.Whileoｔherbipedswaｌkｉｎaｓimilａrfａshｉon,huｍanwａlkisｕniｑue．Bipedaliｓmbyitseｌfofｆｅrｓnocomparisonwithtｈｅdistinｃtｉvehuｍaｎｇaｉtfｏrm.Aｎｄ,signｉficantly,noｏtherbipeｄcａnaｃtuallyｃoｖermoｒethanａｔinｙfrａｃｔiｏnｏｆthｅｗalkｉngｄistancethatcanｂesuｓtainedbyｈumａns.Striｄingrequiｒesａspeciａldesｉgnofｈip，kｎeｅ,aｎdａnｋleｊoints，plusaｎaｒchｅdfoot,pluｓｌoｎglower-lｉmbbｏnｅｓ.These"fiｎｉshiｎgtouches"demａndedｅxtｅｎdedｅｖolｕtｉonaｒytｉme.Stridingprｏvidｅdnｕｍｅrｏuｓadvaｎｔagesoverthesimｐｌesteｐpinｇｇait.Ｆorexamｐｌｅ,theabilitytｏｃｏvertwicｅｔｈedistanｃewｉththeｓamenumberofstepsisaｄefｉｎitesurｖivａｌａdvaｎtage．Italｓoaddedmuｃhspeedtoruｎｎｉｎg,ｍoreheｉghttｏjｕｍpｉng．Noneofthｉｓwoulｄhavｅbeｅnpoｓｓiｂｌewｉｔhoｕt,ｆirst,afoｏｔｅｑuippｅｄtosｕpportandbaｌanceanerectboｄyandtoprodｕceｔhｅlevｅraｇenｅcessarｙtopｒopｅｌｔｈebｏdyforwａｒdinlｏｃｏｍｏtion．Ｔheapｅfootwasnotｓuｉteｄforｔhｉs.Ａnewkindofｆootｗａsesｓeｎｔiａliｆｔhoseｈominidsｗeｒetｏbecｏｍefuｌｌ－scalebipｅds.Iｎdeeｄａｐairofｈumａnfeethａsonｅ-fourthｏｆａｌｌtｈebodｙ'ｓ206bonesaｎｄ２4４ｊoints.Whｙthisextraoｒdiｎarynumbeｒofbｏnesaｎdjｏｉntsconcenｔratｅdinsuchaｓmallpaｒtｏfthｅbｏdｙ?(7４)Becａｕsethｅinｔricateｎetworｋofthemanyｄｉffｅrｅｎtpartsｒeqｕｉrednｏtoｎｌｙforsuppｏrｔingandbaｌancｉngａｈeaｖysｕｐｅrstrｕｃｔｕrebuttoenａｂｌeｔhemｕｌtｉｐlｅmoｔｉonsandacｔｉｏnｓ,hundredsorthｏusaｎdsｏｆtｉｍeｓdａily．Noｏthｅｒpａrｔｏftheboｄycomeseｖencloseｔotheamounｔaｎｄdeｇrｅｅｏfstｒｅｓsesimpｏsedonit.Theｈumanfoｏthadtｏgoｔhrouｇhanextensｉｖeｅvolｕtioｎaｒydｅvelｏpmentｉnwhｉｃhituｎderwｅｎtｅnorｍｏusdｅsigncｈaｎｇｅｓinｃohｅｒｉngits28bones,３7jointsand1０７liｇaｍｅnts,and3２muｓclesanｄtendoｎstoａdapttothebodyｗｅiｇhtandnumeｒｏｕstｏrsｉoｎs.(７5)Inｆact，ｉtｐrｏbabｌyｗasn'tｕｎtiloｎlｙabｏut400，000yearsagｏthatearlyhumanswerefuｌlyｓtｒiding,tｈeｆｉnaｌtｏucｈｏfhｕmangait．ＯrthopedisｔＰhiliｐＪ.ＭaｙｅｒｗrｉtｅsintheOｒthｏpeｄicRｅview:"Thedevelopmenｔoｆatruestriｄｅonaｎorthｏpeｄiｃfｏoｔwａsthemｏsｔｃrucialｏfallthestepsofhumaneｖolutｉon."Natｕｒｅhadｐｅrｈapｓｎｅverundertａkeｎananatoｍicalｅngiｎeeringprｏjeｃｔofｓucｈcomplｅｘitｙ．７1．Wｈａtisthedifｆerencebeｔweenhumａｎsaｎdoｔheｒbipｅdsregardingwaｌｋｉｎgｄｉstance?7２.Ｗｈｙiｓthehｕmaｎｆoｏtｅｑuiｐpedthewａｙitis?７3.Whaｔｋindｏfevolutioｎhastheｈumanfｏotｕndergonｅ？７4.Bｅｃausetheｉntricatｅnetworｋofｔhemaｎydiffereｎtpａrtsisrequｉrednotｏnlｙforｓuｐｐortｉnganｄbalancingaheａvｙsupeｒｓtｒucturebuｔtoenableｔhｅmultipｌemoｔionsａndaｃtiｏns,ｈundreｄsorｔhoｕsａnｄsｏfｔimesdaｉｌｙ.75.Infaｃｔ,itｐrobablywasn'ｔunｔilonlｙａbout400，000ｙearsａgothａtearlyhｕmanｓｗeｒefuｌlｙstridiｎg,tｈefiｎalｔoucｈofhumanｇait．ＥrrorＣorｒectioｎPyｒamidCiｔｙisaｎevenmoｒeａｍbitiouｓpｒojｅcttｏsolveＴoｋyo'shousiｎｇprobｌｅｍ.A１,00０－ｍｅｔretallｐyraｍid,12ｔimeｓｈigheｒｔhａｎthｅGｒeatPyｒａmｉdofGizainEgyｐt,wouｌdｃｏｎtain55ｓｍalｌｅｒpyramidｓ，ｅaｃhofthｅｍ【M1】___＿＿_wouldbeｔhesiｚeｏftｈeGｉzaorｉｇinal.Ifｉtisbuｉlt,tｈepyraｍiｄwillconsisｔｉnａseriesofｓｋyscrａpｅrssｕspｅndedfromthｅinsidｅofｔheｓtｒucｔure，【Ｍ２】__＿_＿_thepｙramｉdwillbe８0sｔorｅyｈｉgh,witｈparklandiｎ－ｂeｔweenｔheｓｋyscraｐ-【M3】_＿_＿__ｅre.Threeqｕarterｓｏfaｍilliｏnｏfｐeoplewiｌllivethere．Ｔｈeskyscraperｓwill【M4】__＿＿__beｌinkeｄbyseｒiｅsｏfholｌｏwtuｂescoｎtａinｉngaｈigｈ－ｓpｅedtrａnsｐortsysteｍ．【M5】__＿_＿_Paｒtsoftheｃoｎｓtｒuctiｏn,incｌudeｍorｅｔhan15０kiｌomeｔeｒsｏfｔunnｅls,wｉllbe【Ｍ６】_____＿builｔbysｐiderｒobots,anｄpowerwillbeprovidedbywaｖesandwind.AmａbｌｅmｉｓthatJapａnissituａtｉngoｎtheseisｍiｃ＂rinｇofｆｉrｅ"—【Ｍ７】__＿___aｎarｅａofvｏｌcanicaｃtivityｗｈereｓtrｅtchesaｒoｕｎｄtｈｅＰaｃificＯceａｎ.【M8】___＿__PyｒamｉdCｉtywiｌlhaｖetowithstandｅarthquakes，tｓunaｍisanduｎdeｒwatｅr【M9】_＿＿__＿ｖolｃａnicｅrupｔions