新编大学英语（第四版）视听说教程4（智慧版）教案Unit 5 Harmony in heartbeats

新编四版视听说B4U5-教师用书新编四版视听说B4U5-教师用书PAGE10/13Unit5HarmonyinheartbeatsWarmingupListening&speakingConversationScriptsA:Today,wehaveDr.JaneSmithheretoshareherideasonanimalwelfare.Welcome,Dr.Smith.B:Thankyouforhavingme.It’sapleasuretobehere.A:Dr.Smith,crueltytoanimalsremainsapressingissuethatdemandsourattention.Whatareyourthoughtsonthis?B:It’sheartbreakingtoseehowsomeanimalsaretreated.Despitethegrowingawarenessofanimalwelfare,thereisstillalotofworktobedone.A:Canyouprovidesomeexamplesofthemistreatmentofanimalsthatconcernyouthemost?B:Certainly.Someanimalsarekeptincrampedcagesorsubjectedtopainfulprocedures.Andit’snotjustinzoosorlaboratories.Intheentertainmentindustry,animalsareexploitedforhumanentertainment.A:Right,likeincircusesormarineparks,wherethey’reforcedtoperformtricks.B:Yes.It’sterriblehowtheirnaturalbehaviorissuppressedforouramusement.A:Suchcrueltyextendsintothefashionindustryaswell,doesn’tit?B:Exactly.Thefashionindustryisguilty,too,duetotheuseofanimalskinsandfurforluxuryitems.A:Andhowaboutthepettrade？B:Well,thepettradeposesasignificantproblem.Manyanimals,particularlyexoticpets,areoftenraisedinunhealthyconditionsorevensmuggledillegally.A:Apartfromdirectcruelty,whatotherhumanactivitiesnegativelyimpactanimals?B:Habitatdestructionisacriticalissue.Deforestationandurbanizationpushmanyspeciesclosetoextinction,leadingtothelossofcountlessanimallives.A:It’sclearthathumanshavealottoanswerforwhenitcomestoanimalcruelty.B:Absolutely.Weneedstrongerlawsandgreaterawarenesstoprotectvulnerablecreatures.It’sourresponsibilitytoadvocatefortheirwelfareandensureamorecompassionatefuture.A:Agreed.Andhowimportantdoyouthinkeducationisonthisissue?B:Educationplaysacrucialroleinteachingpeopleabouttheimportanceofrespectingalllivingbeings.Themoreweunderstandandempathizewithanimals,thebetterwecanprotectthemfromharm.A:Doyouhaveanyfinalthoughtsyou’dliketoshare?B:Yes.Wemustrememberthatfosteringacultureofcompassionandempathytowardanimalswillbenefitnotjustthem,butusandtheplanetasawhole.Aworldwhereanimalsaretreatedwithkindnessisundoubtedlyabetterworldforeveryone.ReferenceanswersListeningandunderstanding1heartbreaking;growingawarenessperformtricks;luxuryitemsHabitatdestruction;urbanization;extinction2strongerlawsvulnerablecreaturesadvocateforeducationcompassionandempathyThinkingandspeakingMoreinstancesofanimalmistreatmentTheroleofeducationPassage1ScriptsAmaninNewYorkstateisfacingalegalcasethatcentersaroundhispetpig.FlattseesElliethepotbelliedpignotasafarmanimal,butas“family,”whohelpedeasehissufferingduringtheendofhismarriageandthedeathofhismother.ButthevillagewhereFlattlivesseesElliedifferently.Officialssaysheisafarmanimal,andassuch,isbarredfromlivingwithinvillageboundaries.Theyseethepigasapossiblepublichealthriskandarguethatopenlyignoringhousingrulescanleadtoalawlesscommunity.ThecaseisthelatestchapterinthecontroversyoveremotionalsupportanimalsintheUS.MoreAmericansaresayingtheyneedavarietyofanimalsfortheirmentalhealth.Theyclaimtheyhavearighttolivewiththeseanimals,aswellastotakethemintostores,restaurants,andevenontoplanes.However,emotionalsupportanimals,whichgenerallyhavenospecialtraining,donothavethesamestatusasserviceanimals,whichareallowedinsomepublicplacesundertheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct.Lastmonth,thevillageapprovedanew,moredetailedlawconcerninganimalkeeping.Farmanimalsarestillbannedfromlivinginthevillage,butthenewlawprovidesclearerinformationonhowresidentscanrequestreasonableaccommodationsforemotionalsupportanimals.FlattsayshehasreceivedoffersfrompeopletohouseEllieoutsideofthevillage,butheplanstofighttokeepher.“Icouldneverdreamofgivingawaysomebodywho’spartofmyfamily,”hesaid.Questions:WhydothevillageofficialsbarElliefromlivingwithinvillageboundaries?What’sthedifferencebetweenemotionalsupportanimalsandserviceanimalsundertheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct?Whatactiondidthevillagerecentlytakeregardinganimalkeeping?WhatdoesFlattplantodoaboutEllie?ReferenceanswersListeningandunderstanding11.C2.D3.D4.B2legalcaseeasehissufferingfarmanimalhousingrulesemotionalsupportanimalslivewithclearerinformationThinkingandspeakingWhatwouldyoudoifyouwerefacingsuchasituation?Shouldemotionalsupportanimalshavethesamestatusasserviceanimals?Passage2ScriptsIntheAmericanstateofFlorida,rancherJimStricklandcanseehiscowsatanytime,dayornight.Todothis,allheneedsishismobilephoneandavirtualfencingsystem.Avirtualfencingsystemcreatesaninvisiblefencethroughradiosignalsfromnearbymobilephonetowersormoveablebasestations.Itkeepsanimalswithin,oroutsideof,certainareas.Rancherscaneasilyadjustthevirtualboundariestomanagethemovementsoftheiranimalsbyusingaphoneapporcomputer.Livestockwillquicklyadapttothenewboundaries.Eachanimalwearsacollararounditsneck.ThecollarhasaradiosignalreceiverandaGPSdevicethatshowstheanimal’slocation.Rancherstrainlivestocktoconnectasoundwithasmallelectricshock.Whenananimalgetsclosetoavirtualfence,itscollarmakesawarningsound.Iftheanimalmovestooclosetothefence,itreceivesashock.Inthisway,livestockquicklylearntostayawayfromthefencewhenhearingthewarningsound.Stricklandhasbeenusingthesystemforaboutsixmonthsandhesaysthathehasalreadyseenmanygoodresultswiththenewtechnology.“Ithasexceededbyfarmyexpectations,”hesaid.Unlikephysicalfences,virtualfencesposenoriskstolivestockandwildanimals.Also,beingabletoadjustfenceswithjustafewclicksmakesiteasierforrancherstokeepcattlewithinoroutofcertainareas,savingthemtimeandlabor,aswellastheeffortofputtingupphysicalfences.Furthermore,Stricklandsaysthatvirtualfencescouldhelppreventovergrazinginoneareaandprotectrareplantsandareasnearriversandstreams.ReferenceanswersListeningandunderstanding1fenceradiosignalsvirtualboundariesmovetooclosetimeandlaborrisksrareplantsandareas21.T2.F3.T4.F5.FThinkingandspeakingPossibledrawbacksofthevirtualfencingsystemMoreinnovativemethodsforprotectingandmanaginganimalsLectureScriptsIndiscussion,wewillexploreafascinatingandevolvingaspectoflawandethics:thelegalstatusofanimals.animalsareconsideredhumanpropertyundertheSuchcategorizationimpliesownership,whereanimalsaretreatedsimilarlytonon-livingthings,justlikemobilephonesortrucks.However,youhavetotreatlivinganimalsdifferentlyfromnonlivingobjects.Forexample,ifyouhaveapetdog,youhavetofeedit,walkit,andtakeittothevetwhennecessary.Thisisbecausewehaveanimalwelfarelawsthataimtoprotectanimalsfromcrueltyandunderscoretheowners’responsibilitytotakecareoftheiranimals.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatanimalshavelegalrights.Rightsareaspecialwayofprotectingimportantinterestsunderthelaw.Humanshavealotofrights.Forexample,childrenhavetherightnottobeseparatedfromtheirparents,unlessit’sintheirbestinterests.Humansalsohavetherighttoberepresentedincourtandtochallengesomebodyholdingthemagainsttheirwill.Animals,ontheotherhand,havenotyetbeenrecognizedashavingsuchfundamentalrights.Thatsaid,agrowingdebateoverwhetherthelegalstatusofanimalsshouldevolve.somelawyersintheUSAarguethatanimalsshouldhavelegalpersonhood,sotheirinterestscanberepresentedinacourtofThismaysoundconfusingatfirst,consideringlegalpersonsaretypicallyhumanbeings.Butsomeentitieslikerivers,corporations,andevenshipscanalsobelegalpersons.So,shouldthestatusofanimalsbechangedfromthingtolegalpersonaswell?Theselawyersarguethattheyshould.In2019,theAustraliancapitalCanberrapassedlegislationthatrecognizedanimalsassentientbeingscapableofbothphysicalandmentalfeelings.Underthelegislation,animalsdeservetohaveaqualityoflifethatreflectstheirintrinsicvalueandtheirownershaveadutyofcare.ButAustraliaisn’taloneinrecognizingthesentienceofanimals.InsomestatesofIndia,someanimalshaveevenbeengrantedpersonhoodandthestatusofa“legalpersonorentity.”Theynowhavethesamerightsasalivingperson.Thedebateoverwhetheranimalsshouldberecognizedaslegalpersonscontinues,andithighlightsafundamentalreconsiderationofourrelationshipwithanimalsandtheirplaceinReferenceanswersListeningandunderstanding1humanpropertycrueltyprotectingimportantinterestsseparatedchallengecorporationsphysicalandmentalintrinsicvalueourrelationship21.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.FThinkingandspeakingAnimals:Propertyorlegalpersons?Whatwouldhappenifanimalswereuniversallyrecognizedaslegalpersons?Viewing&speakingScripts(speaker)Lookatthatbaby.Thatisatinybaby.(speaker2)Thatisayoungbaby.It’ssuchagoodthingtosee,withallofthechallengesthatelephantsface,thattherearesomanyhealthyyoungelephantsinthisgroup.Andsomeoftheseoldmatriarchsinhere,youcanjusttelltheycarrysuchhistory.Mm-hmm.Thattheyknowwheretofindfoodyearafteryear.(speaker)Exactly.Yeah.It’sculture.(host)Foralongtime,peopleassumedculturewaslimitedtoourownspecies,butthemoreweobserveotherintelligentanimals,bigandsmall,themorewefindthatcultureisfarmorewidespreadamonganimalsthanweusedtorealize,andit’softeninwaysthatarereallysurprisingandunexpected.Beforewedelveintoanimalculture,let’sfirstdefinewhatcultureis.Cultureisinformationandhabitsandbehaviorthatcanbepassedaroundsocially.Theycanbelearned,remembered,andshared.Theearliestawarenessofnon-humananimalcultureisprobablyastudygoingbacktothe1950sonJapanesemacaquemonkeys.Oneday,onegrabsasweetpotatoandwashesitinthewaterbeforeeatingit.Thenthemonkeysinthefirstmonkey’ssocialnetworkstartedwashingtheirsweetpotatoes.Soon,allthemonkeysonthisislandarewashingtheirpotatoes,somethingonlythemacaquesonthisislandstarteddoing.Theylearnedfromothersandsharedwithothers.Later,someresearchersmadeanimalculturefamousbytheirstudiesonchimpanzees.Butsincethoseearlystudies,scientistshaveaddedmoreanimalstotheculturelist.Let’spauseforasecondandjusttalkabouttheelephantfamilydynamics.Theyliveinthesegroupsofafewtomaybeafewdozenindividuals.Now,whenmaleelephantsinthesegroupshit12to15yearsold,theygetpushedoutofthegrouptoliveontheirown.Thesearematriarchalsocieties,andthey’reledbyanolderfemale.Andwithinthatgroup,you’llhavethatfemaleandhersisters,theirkids,eventheirgrandkids.It’samulti-generationalsociety,andtheydobasicallyeverythingtogether,fromfeedingtopouringmudonthemselves,whateverelephantsdoallday,evenhelpingraiseeachother’skids.Thatextendedtimeofcareandlearning,that’simportant.Onewaywelearnisbytrialanderror.Thisisthesamewithanimals.Butitdoeshaveitslimitations.Ifeveryelephanthadtolearnwhatfoodsweretoxicandwhatweren’t,thenthere’dbealotfewerelephantsoutthere.Individuallearningislimitedtoyourownexperiences,butsociallearningletsyoulearnfromtheexperiencesofeveryone.Thisopensupsomanypossibilitiesforelephants.Elephantshavehugebrains.Andthosebrainsmakethemreallygoodatlearningfromoneanother.Youknow,stufflikehowtogiveyourselftheperfectmudbathorwhichflowerstastethetastiest.Elephantsevenlearnwhatwewouldcallrituals,likemourningdeadelephants.Justimaginemanygenerationsofelephantswitnessingandsharingthisspecialbehavior.Nowhere’smaybethemostimportantthingwhenitcomestoanimalculture.Culturedoesn’tjusttellananimalhowtoliveinthisplace.Ittellsthemhowtosurvive.UpinKenyainAmboseliNationalParkin2009,therewasthisepicdrought,oneoftheworstdroughtsindecades,andhundredsofelephantsdied,butsurvivalwashigherinfamilygroupsthathadmatriarchsthatwereoldenoughtorememberthelasttimethattherewasadroughtthisbad.Theyheldsomeculturalmemorythatremindedthemwherethelastsourcesofwatermightbe.Thatisonereasonwhyit’ssoimportanttoprotecttheseelephants.Theyarethekeepersofknowledgeandthatisculture.Andiftheydie,thentheknowledgeofhowtoliveandsurviveinthisplacemightdiewiththem.Elephantsareamazing.Theycanpassculturetoeachother.Butit’snotjustusandthem.Otheranimalsalsoshareknowledgeandtheypassonculture.Wementionedchimpanzeesearlier.That’sareallyobviousone,butthere’salsodolphins.Theysharetooluseandforagingbehavior.Humpbackwhalessharesongsthatactuallycanspreadlikepopmusicacrosstheocean.And,infact,themorewelookforcultureinanimals,themoreanimalswefindtohaveculture.Whenitcomestothediversityoflife,there’sanotherdimensionofbiodiversity–culturaldiversity,andwe’rejustbeginningtoappreciatehowrichthatis.We’renotsodifferentfromtheseotheranimalsthatwesharetheplanetwith,anditmakesyouthink,“Ifourwaysoflivingdeservetosurvive,well,don’ttheirstoo?”QuestionsWhichofthefollowingismentionedasadistinguishingfeatureofelephantsocieties?Howdoelephantstypicallylearnbehaviorslikemudbathingandmourning?Whatdoesthevideoclipsayaboutolderelephants?Whatdoesthevideoclipsayaboutanimalculture?ReferenceanswersViewingandunderstanding1habitsandbehaviorwashsweetpotatoesafewdozen4)12to15liveontheirownfeedingraiseeachother’skidshugebrainsritualssurvive21.D 2.C 3.A 4.CThinkingandspeakingMoreaboutanimalcultureAnimals’waysoflivingUnitprojectFurtherListeningConversationScriptsA:Hey,Tim.Whatareyoureading?B:Oh,it’sanarticleabouttheuseofdronesforpollinationpurposes.A:Dronesforpollination?Howdoesitwork?B:Well,dronesareequippedwithtinybrushesorsprayersandtheycanactasbeesinthepollinationprocess.A:That’sfascinating!Scienceandtechnologyareclearlyplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinagriculture.B:Indeed.Butcoolastheseroboticpollinatorsare,Ihopetheyneverfullyreplacebees.A:Whydoyousoundsoconcerned?Isthereanythingwrongwithusingpollinatingdrones?B:Thereare.Thoughroboticpollinatorsmaydelivermanybenefits,wecannotignoretheirpotentialproblems,suchashighcosts,technicalfailures,andthelackofecologicalbenefitsthatnaturalpollinatorslikebeesprovide.Asthearticlesays,“Technologyisadvancing,butitcanneverbebetterthannature.”A:Soundsreasonable.Buttellmemoreabouttheecologicalbenefitsthatbeescanbring.B:Beesarepartofthebiodiversitythatwealldependonforoursurvival.Withoutbees,ourfoodsupplywouldbeseriouslyharmed.Doyouknowthatbeespollinateabout75percentoftheworld’sfoodcrops?A:That’sastonishing!B:Andit’snotjustaboutfood.Beesalsosustainbiodiversitybypollinatingwildplants,ensuringthereproductionofcountlessspecies.Plus,theyprovidevaluableproductslikehoney,whichcontributetooureconomyandhealth.A:Sobeesareunsungheroesofourecosystems,quietlyworkingbehindthescenestokeepeverythinginbalance?B:Prettymuch.whyalarmingtothinkaboutthedeclineinbeepopulationduetohabitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechange.A:So,ifwedon’ttakeactiontoprotectbees,thebalanceoftheecosystemandourfoodsecuritywillbeseriouslythreatened.B:Yes.Fortunately,therearestepswecantake,likecreatingbee-friendlyhabitatsandreducingpesticideuse.A:Exactly.Everylittlebithelps.Questions:WhatisTim’smainconcernregardingroboticpollinators?Whatimportantroledobeesplay,accordingtotheconversation?WhatactiondoesTimsuggesttohelpprotectbees?Referenceanswers1.D2.A3.CPassage1ScriptsArecentUnitedNationsreporttitled“StateoftheWorld’sMigratorySpecies”revealsthatone-fifthoftheworld’smigratinganimalsareatriskofextinction.Thereportblamespopulationdropsonenvironmentalchangeslinkedtohumanactivities.Thethreatstheanimalsfaceincludehabitatloss,illegalhuntingandfishing,climatechangeandpollution.Accordingtothereport,about44percentofmigratoryspeciesaroundtheworldaredecreasinginpopulation.Alarmingly,aboutoneinfiveofnearly1,200speciesmonitoredbytheU.N.areatriskofbecomingextinct.Theleadwriterofthereportsaid,“Thesearespeciesthatmovearoundtheglobe.Theymovetofeedandbreedandalsoneedstopoversitesalongtheway.”Anyhabitatlossorotherthreatsduringtheirtripcanmaketheirpopulationsfall.Onestrikingdiscoverywasthathabitatlossaffectedupto75percentofthespeciesstudied.Thisunderscorestheurgentneedforgreaterconnectivitybetweenseparatedecosystems.Thereporturgesgovernmentstotakestepstoprotecthabitatsandmigrationpathswhenconstructingdams,pipelines,orwindpowerequipment.ThereportwaspresentedatameetingoftheU.N.’sConventionontheConservationofMigratorySpeciesofWildAnimals.Representativesatthemeetingexaminedproposalsforconservationmeasuresandworkedtoidentifynewspeciesofconcern.TheexecutivesecretaryoftheConventionontheConservationofMigratorySpeciesofWildAnimalshighlightedtheneedforhigh-levelgovernmentdecision-makingonthisissue.“Weallneedtosurvive,”shesaid,emphasizingtheimportanceoffindingwaystomeettheneedsofbothwildlifeandpeople.Questions:WhatisthepercentageofmigratinganimalsatriskofextinctionaccordingtoarecentUnitedNationsreport?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasareasonbehindthepopulationdropsofmigratinganimals?WhatdidtherepresentativesdoatthemeetingoftheU.N.’sConventionontheConservationofMigratorySpeciesofWildAnimals?Whatwasemphasizedascrucialbytheexecutivesecretaryoftheconvention?Referenceanswers1.A 2.B 3.D 4.BPassage2ScriptsThebondbetweenpetsandtheirownerswasnotalwayssosimilartotherelationshipshumanshavewitheachItstartedasaworkingrelationship,whereanimalsprovidedprotectionandservicetopeople,beithunting,farming,orperformingothertasksnecessaryforday-to-daylife.Forexample,dogswouldassistwithtrackingandherding.Catswouldhuntandkillmicethat,otherwise,couldspreaddiseaseanddamagefoodorothermaterials.Animalslikehorses,dogs,andpigeons,alsoservedpeopleinvariouswaysduringwartime.Theseanimalswentbeyondmerefunctionalroles;theycouldalsoofferstressreliefandasenseofpridetotheirhumancounterpartsinthemostchallengingtimes.Today,asitwasthousandsofyearsago,animalsarenotjustcompanions.Takeman’sbestfriend,thedog,asanexample.Servicedogs,therapydogs,sheepdogs,andpolicedogsareeverywhereinoursociety,withnewpositionsevolvingconstantly,suchasdogsthatareusedtoincreasechildren’sdesireandabilitytoread.aprogramcalledR.E.A.D.,whichstandsforTheReadingEducationAssistanceDogs,improvesreadingandcommunicationskillsbyemployingapowerfulmethod:readingtotherapydogs.Researchhasshownthat“thepresenceofacalm,attentivedog”whenchildrenarereadingaloudreducesstressandimprovesconcentrationmuchmorethanasupportiveadult,orevenafriend.Inonestudy,childrenwhoreadtodogsoveracourseof10weeksexhibiteda12percentimprovementinreadingskills,whilethosewhodidnotreadtodogsshowednoimprovement.Questions:Whatwastheinitialroleofanimalsintherelationshipwithhumans?Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheroleofdogs?Whatisthepurposeoftheprogrammentionedinthepassage?Referenceanswers1.B2.B3.CLectureScriptsHere’sastrangething.Farmgoatshavefloppierearsthanwildgoats.Therearealsofloppy-earedrabbits,cows,andsheep.Infact,domesticatedanimalsdon’tjusthavefloppierears,theyalsotendtohaveotherappearancefeaturesli