Unit+3+Getting+along+with+others+Grammar+and+usage高中英语译林版（2020）必修第一册

Unit3GettingalongwithothersGrammarandusageObservingforrulesLead-inSheisabeautifulgirl.Amyisawomanteacher.Thegirlinredismysister.Ihavesomethingtosay.Theboymakingfaceismyson.Japanisadevelopedcountry.形容词名词介词短语不定式现在分词过去分词定语Whatisattributive(定语)?修饰、限定和说明名词或代词的词是定语。除了形容词可以充当定语之外，名词，代词，数词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等也可充当定语。定语由一个单词修饰时，通常前置。由词组或句子修饰时，后置。friendlyThe

girlismyfriend.Thegirlwhoisfriendlyismyfriend.跟在一个名词或代词后进行修饰限定的句子，就叫做定语从句。ThedefinitionofrestrictiverelativeclausesTheplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Theplaneisamachinethatcanfly.定语从句先行词ObservingandSummarizing关系词ObservingandSummarizingPeppaPigisacartoon.Itispopularwithchildrenworldwide.PeppaPigisacartoonwhichispopularwithchildren.定语从句ObservingandSummarizingJayChouisasinger.Heispopularamongyoungpeople.JayChou

isasingerwhoispopularamongyoungpeople.ThebookwhichiswrittenbyDickensisworthreading.Thestructureofrestrictiverelativeclauses主句antecedent先行词relativepronoun关系代词从句先行词+关系代词+从句定语从句定义结构定语从句关系词修饰名词或代词的句子先行词关系词被修饰的名词或代词引导定语从句的关联词关系代词关系副词who/whom/that/whichwhosewhen/where/whyThegirlwhoisfriendlyismyfriend.Whataretheprosandconsofmakingfriendsonline?ReadthroughthearticleofpartAonpage34andanswerthefollowingquestion.ExploretherulesPossibleanswerPros:

Peoplemaybeabletomakemanyfriendsonline.Cons:

Friendshipsonlinecanbeveryshallow.Textingandmessagingcan'treplaceface-to-facechatting.Sharingexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressone'svalues.“Liking”friends'photosonlinedoesn'tdeveloptheconnectionwiththem.Findthesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleonpage34.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksin…

Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancount

on.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself……notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.…themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnected……thefriendswhomwelove.…thevalueswhichmattermosttous.…theconnectionwhichweshare.先行词可以是人也可以是物TheboywhobrokethewindowisTom.Heisthemanwhowearewaitingfor.Thisistheteacherwhomwelikebest.Observeandthink--whoandwhomwho指人，充当从句主语和宾语，whom指人，只充当从句宾语(可以省略)。宾语主语宾语Observeandthink--thatandwhichAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.HeisthemanthatItoldyouabout.Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?that

指人或物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）which指物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，若介词提前则不可省）主语宾语主语宾语Observeandthink--whoseThisisthebook

whosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisAmy.ThegirlofwhomthehairisgoldenisAmy.whose

表示先行词与whose后的名词为所属关系。可指人或物，可与ofwhich/whom互换。主句从句=thebook’s从句=thegirl’sArestrictiverelativeclausemodifiesa

noun,pronounornounphrasebeforeit.Weuserelativepronounsorrelativeadverbstointroducerestrictiverelativeclauses.Weuse(1)_______

_forthings,and(2)________andwhomforpeople.Wecanuse(3)_______forboththingsandpeople.Weuse(4)_________toshowpossession.thatwhoseWorkingouttheruleswho/thatwhich/that1.Thehospital__________wasbuiltfiveyearsagohasbeenmodernized.2.Thisistheboy_______fatherdiedthreeyearsago.3.Thefilm__________wesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.4.Doyouknowthestudent________waspraisedatthemeeting?5.HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_______areouroldfriends.Practicemakesperfectwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwho/thatwhom6.Isatnexttoagirl________namewasDiana.7.Ilovedthelessons__________shegaveinEnglishLiterature.8.SomeofthecitiesinChina_________helikesmostareBeijing,Shanghai,HarbinandNanjing.9.Mostofthestudents______hetaughthavebecomehisfriends.10.NeilArmstrongistheperson

______madepeoplearound

theworldrealizethatspaceexplorationwastrulypossible.whose(which/that)(which/that)whomwhoReadthefollowingsentencesandcombinethemintoonewithproperrelativewords.1.Peoplehaveclosefriends.Peoplenaturallyenjoytheircompany.2.Heiskind-hearted.Hehastruefriends.3.Friendshipisapreciouswealth.Onesearchesforitallone'slife.Readthethreesentences,andanalysethefunctionofeachrelativeword.1.People_______haveclosefriendsnaturallyenjoytheircompany.2.He________iskind-heartedhastruefriends.3.Friendshipisapreciouswealth________onesearchesforallone'slife.whowhothat/whichFinishB1onpage35.BApplyingtherules:Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauses.1.Commoninterestsproviderichground.Manyfriendshipsgrowfromrichground.Commoninterestsproviderichground______________________________________.2.Whenfriends’communicationiswarmandopen,friendshipsgrowbest.Friendshipsgrowbestbetweenfriends_____________________________________.fromwhichmanyfriendshipsgrowwhosecommunicationiswarmandopen3.Friendshipsarelikeflowers.Theseflowersneedtobetakengoodcareof.Friendshipsarelikeflowers

_______________________________________.4.Arelationshipwithatruefriendwillsurelyproducefruit.Youcancountonatruefriend.Arelationshipwithatruefriend_______________________________willsurelyproducefruit.which/thatneedtobetakengoodcareof(whom/that/who)youcancounton5.Youhavebeenhelpedbyothers.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpothersinthesameway.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpotherstheway_________________________________.that（inwhich）youhavebeenhelpedbyothersB2Thepassagebelowisaboutfriendshipinagreatnovel.Completethepassagewithcorrectrelativepronounswherenecessary.that/whichwhosewho/thatwhich/thatwhichwho/that/whomwho/that先行词被不定代词（all，few，something等）修饰或先行词是不定代词本身。All

thatcanbedonehasbeendone.先行词被形容词最高级修饰或先行词是形容词最高级本身。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Attention1.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般只用that而不用which。先行词被序数词修饰或先行词是序数词本身。。Thefirstthing

thatweshoulddoistoworkharderandharder.先行词既有人，又有物Wetalkedaboutthepersonandthings

thatweremembered.句中已有疑问词who或者which时，避免重复。Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech.先行词被表示特指的词修饰，如theonly,thesame,thevery等。ThenecklaceisnottheonlythingthatIlost.找出下列复合句中只能用that，不用which连接的定语从句（√）1.InChina,parentsalwaysdoeverything___theycanto

supporttheirchildren.2.

Thisistheplace___

wevisitedyesterday.3.Itwasthelargestmap___

Ieversaw.4.Thisisthelastthing___

Iwanttodo.5.Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcels___

filledhisbus.6.Chattingistheonlything___

interestshermost.√√√√√关系代词前有介词时。I’mlookingforaboxinwhichIcanputalltheseeggs.在非限制性定语从句中。MybrotherwenttoTsinghuaUniversity,whichweareallproudof.

先行词就是that时。Idon’tlikethat

whichhedid.关系代词后有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.2.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般只用which而不用that。1.Thisisall__________Iknowabouttheaccident.2.Heistheonlyman__________Icanfindforthework.3.Youmustwatcheverythingcarefully__________theteacherdoesinclass.4.Isthehouse___________hewantedtosellverybig?5.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.6.Isawadeskon__________therewasabook.小试牛刀thatthatthatthat∕whichthatwhich当先行词为人称代词he，she，they或one,ones,anyone，nobody等指人的不定代词时。Hewhoplaysatrickmustbepreparedtotakeajoke.耍花招的人必定会受到戏弄。Thereisnobody

whohasnoshortcomings.没有缺点的人是没有的。One

whoputhisheartintoitissuretosucceed.专心致志的人一定会成功。3.that和who在指人的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般只用who而不用that。当指人的先行词是those，或者被those修饰的时候。Those

whoworkhardaresuretoearnmoremoney.工作努力的人一定挣更多钱。Heisoneofthosemen

whoalwaysmaketheworstoftheirtrouble.他是那些老是把困难往最坏处想的人之一。Therebe结构中先行词指人时。Thereisabeautifulgirl

whowantstoseeyou.有位漂亮的女孩想见你。1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom选择题4.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that7.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that10、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which13、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when14.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that16.It’sthemostboringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose17.Thisisthefirstcar___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that18.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose19.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly.A.whichB.whoC.that20.Pleasetakeanyseat___isfree.A.whichB.thatC.inwhich21.Thatistheverybook___Iwaslookingfor.A.whoB.thatC.which22.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything___heowns.A.whoB.thatC.which23.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which24.Whoistheworker___tooksomepicturesofthefactory.A.whoB.thatC.which做题一般步骤：1.确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组2.将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子3.根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词步骤二步骤三Thegirl做主语=who/that步骤一先行词thegirl，带入从句Sheisthegirl____likessinging.whoThegirllikessinging.填空题1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeina

matchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthe

newdress__________Igaveher.7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All