Unit 1 词汇 句型 语法 题型完美精练

Unit1ScienceFictionPartOne词汇句式一遍过I.阅读障碍词——写出下列单词的汉语意思1.fictionn._____________2.bonusn._____________3.ridiculousadj._____________4.dignityn._____________5.absurdadj._____________6.nailn._____________vt._____________7.laddern._____________8.salesmann._____________9.alienn._____________adj._____________10.inactionn._____________11.leathern._____________12.inchn._____________13.niecen._____________14.maximumadj._____________II.核心四会词——根据汉语写出单词1._____________n.薪水；薪金2._____________vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓3._____________vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除4._____________conj.然而；但是；尽管5._____________n.谣言；传闻6._____________vt.&vi.假设；假定7._____________n.车费；船费；飞机票价8._____________adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的9._____________n.劳动(者)；体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作10._____________vt.&vi.紧握；抓紧11._____________adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的12._____________vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来13._____________n.手帕；纸巾14._____________n.灯；台灯15._____________n.速度；步伐；节奏vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏16._____________adj.随机的；不可思议的III.拓展延伸词——根据词性和汉语意思写单词1.appointvt.任命；委任→__________n.约会；预约；委任→__________adj.约定的；指定的2.guiltn.内疚；悔恨；有罪→__________adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的3.weekn.星期→__________adj.每周的n.周刊4.calculatevt.计算；核算；预测→___________n.计算；预测→__________n.计算器→__________adj.精心策划的；蓄意的→___________adj.精明的；精于算计的5.declarevt.表明；宣称；公布→___________n.公告；宣言6.dividevt.分割；分配；除以→___________n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)；部门，处7.explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→___________n.爆炸；爆破(声)→_________adj.易爆炸的；猛增的8.mudn.泥；泥浆→___________adj.泥泞的9.urgen.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→___________adj.紧急的；迫切的IV.重点短语英汉互译(i)课内基础达标1._____________检验；测试2._____________更像是；更接近3._____________根据；以……的方式(基准)4._____________事物的利与弊；支持与反对5._____________比……更好；更胜一筹6.takeover_____________7.conflictwith_____________8.turnout_____________9.atmaximumspeed_____________10.onabusinesstrip_____________(ii)课外拓展延伸1._____________参加选拔2._____________一点也不像3._____________对……感到内疚4._____________向……宣战5._____________把某物分成……6.urgesbtodosth_____________7.keeppacewith_____________8.fallbehind_____________9.takeup_____________10.beseniorto_____________V.经典句式过关练(i)课内基础达标——补全句子1.她转过身来，格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那里。(全部倒装)Assheturnedaround,_____________GladysClaffern.2.今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。(强调句型)__________________________thefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.3.环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和从前一模一样。(现在分词作状语)_____________,Isawmylaboratoryexactlyasbefore.4.克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏他的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。(Itbe＋形容词＋that从句)Clairethought_____________shewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.(ii)课外拓展延伸——补全句子1.她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶。”脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。(guilt)“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother,”saidshe,and__________________________.2.当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。(declare)Whentheteacher__________________________,Iwassurprisedandpleased.3.父母应该积极地督促孩子利用这个机会加入体育队。(urge)Parentsshouldactively_______________________________________tojoinsportsteams.4.汤姆从他父亲那里接管公司后，吸收了一些科学思想，并雇用了一些经验丰富、工作努力的工人。(takeover)__________________________,Tomtookinsomescientificideasandtookonsomeexperiencedandhard-workingworkers.PartTwo核心考点基础练I.词形变化练1.Youshouldhaveagoodplanforyourholidayratherthanspendit________(random).2.Afterthesecond_______(explode),allofthecity’smaintrainandsubwaystationswereshutdown.3.Ifyoustillcan’ttakemyadvice,yougetreadyforyour______(dismiss).4.Ifeel_______(guilt)forteasingtheinnocentchildwhofelloveronthe_______(mud)track.5.Wearediscussingaboutwhatthepossiblework_______(divide)isbetweenmenandwomen.6.Deepinsorrow,themanwonderedhowtofetchhelp,______(pace)upanddownintheroomnervously.7.Iquicklysigneduptotheoverallsportsclub,hadalookatthe______(week)timetableanddecidedtotrythemallout.8.Themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthe______(base)liesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions.II.固定用法练1.Mr.Whitefell______thetreeandbrokehisleftleglastweek.2.Hepickedupahandkerchief_____randomandhandedittohisniecetowipehernose.3.Theboyoftenconflicts______otherstudents,whichmakeshisparentsexplodewithanger.4.Ifyoufeel______youarethecharactersinthedrama,you’llfinditeasytomemorizethelines.5.Firstofall,itislearningmoreaboutthehistoryofChinesemoderndramainadvance____isofgreatimportance.6.Whenmanyscientistsandscholarswerestillarguingaboutthepros______consofalienexistenceandAIdevelopment,Hawkingsaidhebelievedhumanswouldeventuallybetaken______byAIandrobots.7.It’sreallyamazing______theonce-ruinedplacehasnowbeenturnedintoabeautifulschool,fulloflife.8.Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercising______adailybasis,whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.PartThree高考题型强化练I.阅读理解ATheteam,ledbyMichaelT.Tolley,aprofessorofmechanicalengineeringattheJacobsSchoolofEngineeringatUCSanDiego,detailsitsfindingsintheFeb.17,2021issueofthejournalScienceRobotics.“Thisworkrepresentsafundamentalyetsignificantsteptowardsfully-autonomous,electronics-freewalkingrobots,”saidDylanDrotman,aPhDstudentinTolley’sresearchgroupandthepaper’sfirstauthor.Applicationsincludelow-costrobotsforentertainment,suchastoys,androbotsthatcanoperateinenvironmentswhereelectronicscannotfunction,suchasMRImachines.Softrobotsareofparticularinterestbecausetheyeasilyadapttotheirenvironmentandoperatesafelynearhumans.Mostsoftrobotsarepoweredbyairandarecontrolledbyelectroniccircuits.Butthisapproachrequirescomplexcomponentslikecircuitboards,valves(阀门)andpumps—oftenoutsidetherobot’sbody.Thesecomponents,whichmakeuptherobot’sbrainandnervoussystem,aretypicallylargeandexpensive.Bycontrast,theUCSanDiegorobotiscontrolledbyalightweight,low-costsystemofair-poweredcircuits,madeupoftubesandsoftvalves,onboardtherobotitself.Therobotcanwalkoncommandorinresponsetosignalsitsensesfromtheenvironment.“Withourapproach，youcouldmakeaverycomplexroboticbrain,”saidTolley,thestudy’sseniorauthor.“Ourfocusherewastomakethesimplestair-powerednervoussystemneededtocontrolwalking.”Inthefuture,researcherswanttoimprovetherobot’swaystowalksoitcanwalkonnaturalfieldsandunevensurfaces.Thiswouldallowtherobottonavigateoveravarietyofobstacles(障碍).Thiswouldrequireamorecomplicatednetworkofsensorsandasaresultamorecomplexair-poweredsystem.Theteamwillalsolookathowthetechnologycouldbeusedtocreaterobots,whichareinpartcontrolledbyair-poweredcircuitsforsomefunctions,suchaswalking.1.Whatistheachievementoftheteam’sstudy?A.Theirrobotscanwalkahugestep.B.Theirrobotsworkfollowingcommands.C.Theirstudygetstheirelectronicsforfree.D.Theyfindanewtechniqueinwalkingrobots.2.Whatcantheteam’srobotsbeappliedtofromthepassage?A.Toycompanies’products.B.Environmentalprotection.C.Humansafety.D.Factorieswithoutworkers.3.Whatwilltheresearchersprobablydo?A.Changethewayofpower.B.Helprobotswalkashumans.C.Improverobotstoavoidobstacles.D.Buildanetworktocontrolrobots.4.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A.Theintroductiontoelectronics-freewalkingrobots.B.Thefunctionsofnewly-developedrobots.C.Theapplicationsofsoftwalkingrobots.D.Thewaystoimprovetraditionalrobots.BArobotwithasenseoftouchmayoneday“feel”pain,bothitsownphysicalpainandsympathyforthepainofitshumancompanions.Suchrobotsarestillfaroff,butadvancesinrobotictouch-sensingarebringingthatpossibilityclosertoreality.Sensorssetinsoft,artificialskinthatcandetectbothagentletouchandapainfulstrikehavebeenhookeduptoarobotthatcanthensignalemotions,AsadareportedFebruary15attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.Thisartificial“painnervoussystem”,asAsadacallsit,maybeasmallbuildingblockforamachinethatcouldultimatelyexperiencepain.Suchafeelingmightalsoallowarobotto“sympathize”withahumancompanion’ssuffering.Asada,anengineeratOsakaUniversity,andhiscolleagueshavedesignedtouchsensorsthatreliablypickuparangeoftouches.InarobotsystemnamedAffetto,anrealistic-lookingchild’shead,thesetouchandpainsignalscanbeconvertedtoemotionalfacialexpressions.“Atouch-sensitive,softmaterial,asopposedtoarigidmetalsurface，allowsricherinteractionbetweenamachineandtheworld,”saysneuroscientistKingsonManoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.“Artificialskinallowsthepossibilityofengagementintrulyintelligentways”.Suchasystem,Asadasays,mightultimatelyleadtorobotsthatcanrecognizethepainofothers,avaluableskillforrobotsdesignedtohelpcareforpeopleinneed,theelderly,forinstance.“Butthereisanimportantdistinctionbetweenarobotthatrespondsinapredictablewaytoapainfulstrikeandarobotthat’sabletocomputeaninternalfeelingaccurately,”saysDamasio,aneuroscientistalsoattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.“Arobotwithsensorsthatcandetectthetouchandpainisalongthelinesofhavingarobot，forexample,thatsmileswhenyoutalktoit”,Damasiosays.“It’sadeviceforcommunicationofthemachinetoahuman.Whilethat’saninterestingdevelopment,it’snotthesamethingasarobotdesignedtocomputesomesortofinternalexperience,”hesays.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“painnervoussystem”？A.ItisnamedAffettobyscientists.B.Itisasetofcomplicatedsensors.C.Itisabletosignaldifferentemotions.D.Itcombinessensorsandartificialskin.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“converted”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Delivered. B.Translated.C.Attached. D.Adapted.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.MachinesBecomeEmotionalB.RobotsInchtoFeelingPainC.HumanFeelingsCanBeFeltD.NewDevicesTouchYourHeartII.完形填空Onemorning,Chard,workingasanassistantinanIndianhospital,spottedmeoutsidetheCOVID-19ward(病房).Iwasthen1tryingtofindoutaboutmybrother’s2.Butitwasaterribledayfordoctors—somepatientshaddied,andnew3werebeingwheeledinthroughout.SoChard4tomeandaskedifhecouldhelp.Itoldhimithadbeenthreedayssincemybrotherwasputonaventilator(呼吸器),andnoonecametoupdateus.Chard5helpandtoldmethattherehadbeennoturnforthe6inthelast10hours.Iwas7becauseitwasjustwhatIneededtohearwhileIwaitedforanhouroutsidetheward,anxiousand8.ItoldChardhowdepressedIhadfeltuntilhis9cutthroughmypanic.Later,Ioften10Chardandhiscolleaguestotakemessages,bringingsupportand11.Hishopefulwordsgavemesomerelief.Inthemostdifficulttimesinmylife,suchkind,calmingwords12alottome.Whenmybrotherwasdischargedafternearlyamonth,Isentamessage,expressingmygratitudetohimforhis13helpandendlessefforts.AndIwassoimpressedbyhis14undersuchcircumstances.Heisa15inthisfightlikedoctorsandnurses.1.A.desperately B.awfullyC.normally D.kindly2.A.surgery B.instructionC.condition D.medicine3.A.patients B.doctorsC.nurses D.assistants4.A.roseup B.turnedupC.walkedup D.showedup5.A.promised B.acceptedC.advised D.offered6.A.better B.strongerC.sadder D.worse7.A.annoyed B.satisfiedC.dizzy D.grateful8.A.scared B.hurtC.sensitive D.envied9.A.supply B.wordC.influence D.choices10.A.turnedin B.calledinC.reliedon D.tookon11.A.comfort B.ideaC.caution D.solution12.A.changed B.meantC.conveyed D.benefited13.A.technical B.enjoyableC.timely D.previous14.A.movement B.devotionC.decision D.achievement15.A.boy B.friendC.man D.heroIII.语法填空Theopeningofthehigh-speedraillinkbetweenHongKongandShenzhenhasonceagaincaughttheattentionoftheworld.In1876,thefirstcommercialtrain1.________(launch)inChina.Nowthisnewengineforcontinuedeconomicprogressisgraduallybecomingthecriterion.ThenetworkischangingChinainmanyways.Likerailwaytownsthatemergedalongthetracksinthe19thcenturyBritainandAmerica,urban2.________(grow)inChinaisalsofollowingtheraillines.Thenetwork3.________(result)inthecreationofbusinessopportunitieseversince.4._______isanecosystemthatismakingprofitsnotmerelythroughthesalesofticketsbutthroughitsoverallcapacity,5.________(drive)Chinaforwarddespiteinternationalfinancialdifficultiesofthisyear.Remotecitieswhichusedtocarryoutcommercial6._______(activity)alonearenowconnectedwithlargeindustrialzones.Bywayoftheincreasedconnectivity,lesserdevelopedregionsarecatchingupwithdevelopedones.Peoplecannowmaketripstoplaces7._______couldn’tbereachedbeforeoveraweekend.Similarly,theyhave8.________(great)accesstoremoteareasandlessexploredregionswherethelivesofpeopleconnectedtothetourismindustryhavebeendramaticallyimprovedthanbefore.High-speedtrainsarecontributing9.________(significant)toChina’seconomicandsocialdevelopment.Asthenetworkcontinuestoexpand,itwillnotbelongbeforeallregionsofthecountrystartprogressing10.________thesameinterdependentpace.答案部分PartOne词汇句式一遍过I.阅读障碍词1.小说；虚构的事2.意外收获；奖金；红利3.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的4.庄重；庄严；尊严5.荒谬的；荒唐的6.指甲；趾甲；钉子;(用钉子)钉牢；固定7.梯子；阶梯8.售货员；推销员9.外星人(生物)；外国人;陌生的；外星的；外国的10.无行动；不采取措施11.皮革[pl.皮衣；皮外套12.英寸13.侄女；外甥女14.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度II.核心四会词1.salary2.suspend3.dismiss4.whereas5.rumour6.presume7.fare8.superior9.labour10.grip11.hazy12.fetch13.handkerchief14.lamp15.pace16.randomIII.拓展延伸词1.appointment;appointed2.guilty3.weekly4.calculation;calculator;calculated;calculating5.declaration6.division7.Explosion;explosive8.muddy9.urgentIV.重点短语英汉互译(i)1.testout2.morelike3.ona...basis4.prosandcons5.besuperiorto6.占上风；取而代之；接管；接手7.与……冲突或抵触8.关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是9.以最高的速度10.出公差(ii)1.tryoutfor2.nothinglike3.beguiltyfor/at/about...4.declarewaron/against5.dividesthinto...6.催促某人做某事7.与……并驾齐驱；齐头并进；跟上……8.落后；跟不上9.占去；占据；开始从事10.比……年长；比……地位高V.经典句式过关练(i)1.therestood2.Itwasatteno’clocktodaythat3.Lookingaround4.itwasridiculousthat(ii)1.tearsofguiltfloweddownhercheeks2.declaredmetobethewinneroftheEnglishSpeechContest3.urgethattheirchildrenshouldtakeadvantageoftheopportunity4.AftertakingoverthefirmfromhisfatherPartTwo核心考点基础练I.词形变化练1.randomly2.explosion3.dismissing4.guilty;muddy5.division6.pacing7.weekly8.basisII.固定用法练1.off2.at3.with4.like5.that6.and;over7.that8.onPartThree高考题型强化练【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了有关行走机器人的研究发现的内容。1.D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“detailsitsfindingsintheFeb.17，2021issue”和第二段中的“‘Thisworkrepresentsafundamental...electronics-freewalkingrobots’”可知，研究小组发现了行走机器人的新技术，该技术代表了行走机器人迈向全自动、无电子行走的重要一步。2.A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“Applicationsincludelow-costrobotsforentertainment，suchastoys”可知，该技术可以用于低成本的娱乐机器人，如玩具等。据此可知，该技术可以用于玩具公司的产品。3.C。推理判断题。根据尾段前两句“Inthefuture...walkonnaturalfieldsandunevensurfaces...obstacles(障碍).”可知，研究人员希望将来改进机器人的行走方式，以使其能够在自然场地和凹凸不平的表面上行走，这会让机器人翻越障碍物。据此可以推知，未来研究人员将改进机器人以避免撞到障碍物。4.A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第二段阐述了全文的主旨。结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了行走机器人的新技术及其应用。【语篇解读】本文是说明文。能“感觉”痛的机器人依然离我们很远，但机器人触摸传感技术的进步使这种可能性更接近于现实