Unit 1 语用复习及题型针对性练习（学生版）

X3U1Art高二下学期英语期末语用复习及题型针对性练习一、阅读词汇1.Christianityn._____________2.realistn._____________3.breakthroughn._____________4.mythologyn._____________5.sunrisen._____________6.waterlilyn._____________7.rchedadj._____________8.animationn._____________9.framen._____________10.bronzen._____________11.ceramicn._____________12.Buddhistadj._____________n._____________13.Buddhismn._____________二、写作词汇1._____________n．名誉；名声2._____________n．贵族成员；出身高贵的人adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的3._____________n．地位；级别；行列vt.&vi.把……分等级；使排成行4._____________vt.购买；采购n．购买；购买的东西5._____________n．委托人；当事人；客户6._____________vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露7._____________vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送8._____________adj.随后的；后来的；之后的9._____________n．池塘；水池10._____________adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的11._____________adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的12._____________n．(数量、价格、质量等的)减少；下降；衰落vi.&vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝13._____________n．花瓶；装饰瓶14._____________n．加入；进入；参与15._____________vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物16._____________adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的n.同代人；同辈人17._____________adj.值得……的；有价值的三、短语1．_____________尤其；特别2．_____________使与众不同；使突出；使优于……3．_____________向某人寻求帮助4．_____________取得突破性进展5．_____________把某物传递给某人6．_____________喜爱；喜欢7．_____________美术(尤其绘画和雕塑)8．_____________赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来9．_____________值得10_____________把注意力集中于四、词形转换1．_____________adj.准确的；精确的_____________adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此2．_____________adj.现实的；逼真的_____________n．逼真；现实主义；务实作风_____________n．现实；实际情况；事实_____________adj.不切实际的；不实事求是的4．_____________adj.人文主义的_____________n.人性；人道；(统称)人类_____________adj.人的；人类的；人本性的；有人情味的n.人5．_____________adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的_____________n．影响；作用；影响力vt.影响；对……起作用6．_____________adj.主观的_____________n．主题；话题；题材；学科；实验对象；主语_____________n．目标；目的adj.客观的_____________n．物品；目标，目的；对象7．_____________adj.喜爱_____________n．喜爱8．_____________n．雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术_____________n.雕刻家；雕塑家9．_____________n．投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入_____________v．投资；投入10．_____________vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价_____________n．批评；指责；评论_____________adj.严重的；关键性的；批判性的_____________n．批评家；评论家；评论员；批评者；挑剔的人11．_____________adj.典型的；有代表性的n．代表_____________vt.象征；代表；相当于12．_____________n．展览；(技能、感情或行为的)表演_____________n．展览品；陈列品；物证v．展览；展出；显出(感情、品质或能力)13．_____________adj.艺术的；艺术家的_____________n．艺术家_____________n．艺术14．_____________adj.国民的；民用的；民事的_____________vt.教化；开化；使文明；使有教养_____________adj.文明的；开化的；有礼貌的；有教养的_____________n．文明；文明世界15．_____________n．承认；认出；赞誉_____________vt.辨别出；承认；认可16．_____________n．扩张；扩展；扩大_____________vt.&vi.(使)扩大；增加；扩展；发展(业务)五、应用文写作句型模仿：背景+目的非谓语——现在分词短语作原因状语：知道/听到/了解到/得知你对……有强烈的喜爱/偏好/热情/非常感兴趣。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________非谓语——现在分词短语作目的状语：为了培养我们的毅力和团队合作精神（aimat）____________________________________________________________________________________________用介词短语作目的状语：为了激发我们学英语的热情（用attempt/effort介词短语）____________________________________________________________________________________________拜读贵公司在……上的广告，本人拟应征……职位。____________________________________________________________________________________________with复合结构——作目的状语为了开阔我们的视野____________________________________________________________________________________________为了提高我的英语写作能力____________________________________________________________________________________________用同位语从句交代背景有消息称，“中国农村”图片展定于本周末在学生中心举行。____________________________________________________________________________________________用定语从句合并句子1.Hereissomeadvice.Ihopetheywillbebeneficialtoyou.____________________________________________________________________________________________2.Iamwritingthislettertoinviteyoutoaninterviewheldby“TalktoTalk”.ItisanEnglishprogrammeinourschoolbroadcaststation.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________用被动语态介绍活动展览将于周六下午在我们学校的美术馆举行。____________________________________________________________________________________________续写场景填空及模仿She____________（绝望地adv.）wantedDarlatoloveherthewayMarlinhadandforhertoloveDarlajustthesame;butwhatwasJennifersupposedtodonow?Thecutonherarmwasallshehadtoshowforhereffort.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(她坐在地板上，把脸埋在手里，她的身体因她开始轻声的哭泣而颤抖着.)TodaywasCommunityServiceDayatschool.Maya’sclasswasgoingtomakecardsfortheseniorslivinginanursinghome.ItwasalsothefirstdayMayawouldbewearingherlegbrace(腿支架)toschool,whichwasdesignedtohelpherwalkmoresteadilyandsmoothly.Itwasacoldautumnmorning,_____________________(看起来很低落）,_______________________(感到很尴尬).Tomakeitlovelier,shehaddelicatelydecoratedthebracewithprettybutterflypatterns.Still,shewasunsureaboutothers’reaction.Allmorningatschool,kidskeptglancingatherbrace._______________________(令她欣慰的是),theydidn’tsayanything.___________________________________________(汗水从他们的额头上流下来)whiletheybentdownandpickeduptheplasticbags._______________________(令他们失望的是),afteraday'shardwork,therewerestillmanyplasticbagslyingonthebeachorfloatinginthewater.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(带着酸痛的胳膊和腿回到家,MariaandPeter几乎被一种失败感所打倒了.)题型限时练习完形填空TikTok,asocialmediaappdedicatedtoshort-formvideos,hasemergedasamajorfireroffoodtrends—frommushroomcoffeeandpancakecerealtocloudbreadandfetapasta.Butanothertrend,the#whatieatinadaytrend,isdominatingTikTok,whichisnearing9billion____1____.Eventhough#whatieatinadaypostsmaybe____2____toserveashealthyinspirationforothers,there’sagrowingfeelingthatthesevideodiariesofdailyeatswilllikelydomoreharmthangood—especiallyamongyounggirlsorpeoplewithahistoryofdisorderedeating.The____3____messagethesepostssendisthatifyoueatlikethem,thenyoucaneventuallylooklikethem.Yetwhatsomeoneelseeatsinadaydoesn’tmeanit’srightforyou,sincethese“____4____”videosarenotacompletelyaccuraterepresentationofwhatsomeonetypicallyeats.Oftentheoverlystylized(程式化)mealsdonot____5____anutritionallyadequatediet.Thepostsare____6____theillusion(幻想)ofanidealdayofeating,alongwithanidealbodysize.Youngeraudiences,especiallygirlsandyoungwomen,internalizethemessagethattheymusteatlikethesecreatorstoachieveandmaintainnotonlyhealth,butalsosocial____7____.Thebiggestharmwiththistrendisthatitnormalizesdisorderedor____8____eatingbehaviors.Thiscouldpreventsomeonestrugglingwithaneatingdisorderfrom____9____supportortreatment.Evenifthe#whatieatinadaypostsaredisplayinga______10______dayofeating,thesubtextmessageof“eatlikeme,andyouwilllooklikeme”isharmfulbecausepeoplewillnotnecessarilyachievethesamebodysizeasthe______11______eveniftheycopiedtheirdayofeatingbiteforbite.______12______,whatmightbeahealthy,adequatedayofsatisfyingmealsforonepersonmaybeinadequateandunsatisfyingtoanother.Evenworse,someonelookingatthesepostsmayconcludethattheyneedtobeeatinghalfasmuchto______13______.Peoplemakingthesevideosareoverwhelminglythin,young,able-bodiedandwhite.Thereisacompletelackofbody______14______.Andthisencouragesharmfulcomparisonstounrealisticbodystandardsthatare______15______tothevastmajorityofpeople.Therefore,thoseofusfrommarginalizedcommunitiesareonceagainunabletoseepositiverepresentationsofourvaryingbodies,foodsandculturalrepresentationintheseharmfulposts.”1．A．views B．statements C．analyses D．identities2．A．emphasized B．simplified C．requested D．intended3．A．moral B．scientific C．potential D．instant4．A．modern B．staged C．educational D．labelled5．A．prioritize B．commercialize C．recognize D．exchange6．A．promoting B．representing C．spoiling D．perfecting7．A．welfare B．equality C．desirability D．justice8．A．individual B．instinctive C．restrictive D．changeable9．A．attracting B．seeking C．losing D．offering10．A．fixed B．balanced C．relaxing D．demanding11．A．reader B．advertiser C．browser D．poster12．A．Therefore B．Finally C．Additionally D．Meanwhile13．A．loseweight B．shareinterests C．assumeburden D．makecontributions14．A．language B．diversity C．warmth D．response15．A．available B．predictable C．inadequate D．unachievable阅读理解--ACanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.16．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B．Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D．Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.17．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.18．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning. B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D．Toacceleratetransportation.19．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways阅读理解--BDuringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干扰)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分贝),70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.20．Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A．Ithelpshimconcentrate. B．Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C．Ithasapleasantatmosphere. D．Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.21．Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A．Totalsilence. B．50decibels C．70decibels. D．85decibels.22．Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A．Personalprivacyunprotected. B．Limitedworkingspace.C．Restrictionsongroupdiscussion. D．Constantinterruptions.23．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．He’sanewsreporter.B．He’sanofficemanager.C．He’sa