Unit 1 语用复习及题型针对性练习（教师版）

X3U1Art高二下学期英语期末语用复习及题型针对性练习一、阅读词汇1.Christianityn.基督教2.realistn.现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者3.breakthroughn.重大进展；突破4.mythologyn.神话；虚幻的想法5.sunrisen.日出6.waterlilyn.睡莲7.rchedadj.拱形的；弓形的8.animationn.(电脑、录像)动画制作；动画片9.framen.画面；框架vt.给……镶框；陷害10.bronzen.青铜；深红褐色adj.青铜色的；深红褐色的11.ceramicn.陶瓷制品；制陶艺术12.Buddhistadj.佛教的n.佛教徒13.Buddhismn.佛教二、写作词汇1.reputationn．名誉；名声2.noblen．贵族成员；出身高贵的人adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的3.rankn．地位；级别；行列vt.&vi.把……分等级；使排成行4.purchasevt.购买；采购n．购买；购买的东西5.clientn．委托人；当事人；客户6.emergevi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露7.conveyvt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送8.subsequentadj.随后的；后来的；之后的9.pondn．池塘；水池10.permanentadj.永久的；永恒的；长久的11.humbleadj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的12.declinen．(数量、价格、质量等的)减少；下降；衰落vi.&vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝13.vasen．花瓶；装饰瓶14.entryn．加入；进入；参与15.guaranteevt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物16.contemporaryadj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的n.同代人；同辈人17.worthyadj.值得……的；有价值的三、短语1．inparticular尤其；特别2．setapartfrom使与众不同；使突出；使优于……3．turntosbforhelp向某人寻求帮助4．make/achieveabreakthrough取得突破性进展5．conveysthtosb把某物传递给某人6．befondof喜爱；喜欢7．fineart(s)美术(尤其绘画和雕塑)8．bring…tolife赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来9．beworthyof值得10concentrateon把注意力集中于四、词形转换1．preciseadj.准确的；精确的preciselyadv.准确地；精确地；的确如此2．realisticadj.现实的；逼真的realismn．逼真；现实主义；务实作风realityn．现实；实际情况；事实unrealisticadj.不切实际的；不实事求是的4．humanisticadj.人文主义的humanityn.人性；人道；(统称)人类humanadj.人的；人类的；人本性的；有人情味的n.人5．influentialadj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的influencen．影响；作用；影响力vt.影响；对……起作用6．subjectiveadj.主观的subjectn．主题；话题；题材；学科；实验对象；主语objectiven．目标；目的adj.客观的objectn．物品；目标，目的；对象7．fondadj.喜爱fondnessn．喜爱8．sculpturen．雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术sculptorn.雕刻家；雕塑家9．investmentn．投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入investv．投资；投入10．criticisevi.&vt.批评；指责；评价criticismn．批评；指责；评论criticaladj.严重的；关键性的；批判性的criticn．批评家；评论家；评论员；批评者；挑剔的人11．representativeadj.典型的；有代表性的n．代表representvt.象征；代表；相当于12．exhibitionn．展览；(技能、感情或行为的)表演exhibitn．展览品；陈列品；物证v．展览；展出；显出(感情、品质或能力)13．artisticadj.艺术的；艺术家的artistn．艺术家artn．艺术14．civiladj.国民的；民用的；民事的civilizevt.教化；开化；使文明；使有教养civilizedadj.文明的；开化的；有礼貌的；有教养的civilizationn．文明；文明世界15．recognitionn．承认；认出；赞誉recognizevt.辨别出；承认；认可16．expansionn．扩张；扩展；扩大expandvt.&vi.(使)扩大；增加；扩展；发展(业务)五、应用文写作句型模仿：背景+目的非谓语——现在分词短语作原因状语：知道/听到/了解到/得知你对……有强烈的喜爱/偏好/热情/非常感兴趣。Knowing/Hearing/Learning/Informedthatyouhaveakeenfondness/preference/passionfor/haveanexceedinginterestin...非谓语——现在分词短语作目的状语：为了培养我们的毅力和团队合作精神（aimat）Aimingatcultivating(培养)/Aimingtocultivateourpersistence/perseveranceandteamworkspirit,…用介词短语作目的状语：为了激发我们学英语的热情（用attempt/effort介词短语）Inaneffort/attempttoarouseourinterestin/igniteourpassionfor/fuelourenthusiasmaboutEnglishlearning,…拜读贵公司在……上的广告，本人拟应征……职位。Inreplytoyouradvertisementin…,Ibegtoapplyforthepositionof…with复合结构——作目的状语为了开阔我们的视野Withthepurposeofbroadeningourhorizons,为了提高我的英语写作能力WiththeaimofpromotingmyEnglishwritingability用同位语从句交代背景有消息称，“中国农村”图片展定于本周末在学生中心举行。Newscomesthataphotographexhibitionon“RuralChina”isscheduledforthisweekendinstudents’center.用定语从句合并句子1.Hereissomeadvice.Ihopetheywillbebeneficialtoyou.修改→Hereissomeadvice,whichIhopewillbebeneficialtoyou.2.Iamwritingthislettertoinviteyoutoaninterviewheldby“TalktoTalk”.ItisanEnglishprogrammeinourschoolbroadcaststation.修改→Iamwritingthislettertoinviteyoutoaninterviewheldby“TalktoTalk”，whichisanEnglishprogrammeinourschoolbroadcaststation.用被动语态介绍活动展览将于周六下午在我们学校的美术馆举行。TheexhibitionwillbeheldinthegalleryhallofourschoolonSaturdayafternoon.续写场景填空及模仿Shedesperately（绝望地adv.）wantedDarlatoloveherthewayMarlinhadandforhertoloveDarlajustthesame;butwhatwasJennifersupposedtodonow?Thecutonherarmwasallshehadtoshowforhereffort.Jennifersatonthefloor,buryingherfaceinherhands,andherbodytrembledasshesoftlybegantocry(她坐在地板上，把脸埋在手里，她的身体因她开始轻声的哭泣而颤抖着.)TodaywasCommunityServiceDayatschool.Maya’sclasswasgoingtomakecardsfortheseniorslivinginanursinghome.ItwasalsothefirstdayMayawouldbewearingherlegbrace(腿支架)toschool,whichwasdesignedtohelpherwalkmoresteadilyandsmoothly.Itwasacoldautumnmorning,Mayalookeddown(看起来很低落）,feelingembarrassed(感到很尴尬).Tomakeitlovelier,shehaddelicatelydecoratedthebracewithprettybutterflypatterns.Still,shewasunsureaboutothers’reaction.Allmorningatschool,kidskeptglancingatherbrace.Toherrelief(令她欣慰的是),theydidn’tsayanything.Sweatstreameddownfromtheirforehead(汗水从他们的额头上流下来)whiletheybentdownandpickeduptheplasticbags.Totheirdisappointment(令他们失望的是),afteraday'shardwork,therewerestillmanyplasticbagslyingonthebeachorfloatinginthewater.GoinghomewithachinglegsandarmsMariaandPeterwerealmostdefeatedbyastrongsenseoffailure.(带着酸痛的胳膊和腿回到家,MariaandPeter几乎被一种失败感所打倒了.)题型限时练习完形填空TikTok,asocialmediaappdedicatedtoshort-formvideos,hasemergedasamajorfireroffoodtrends—frommushroomcoffeeandpancakecerealtocloudbreadandfetapasta.Butanothertrend,the#whatieatinadaytrend,isdominatingTikTok,whichisnearing9billion____1____.Eventhough#whatieatinadaypostsmaybe____2____toserveashealthyinspirationforothers,there’sagrowingfeelingthatthesevideodiariesofdailyeatswilllikelydomoreharmthangood—especiallyamongyounggirlsorpeoplewithahistoryofdisorderedeating.The____3____messagethesepostssendisthatifyoueatlikethem,thenyoucaneventuallylooklikethem.Yetwhatsomeoneelseeatsinadaydoesn’tmeanit’srightforyou,sincethese“____4____”videosarenotacompletelyaccuraterepresentationofwhatsomeonetypicallyeats.Oftentheoverlystylized(程式化)mealsdonot____5____anutritionallyadequatediet.Thepostsare____6____theillusion(幻想)ofanidealdayofeating,alongwithanidealbodysize.Youngeraudiences,especiallygirlsandyoungwomen,internalizethemessagethattheymusteatlikethesecreatorstoachieveandmaintainnotonlyhealth,butalsosocial____7____.Thebiggestharmwiththistrendisthatitnormalizesdisorderedor____8____eatingbehaviors.Thiscouldpreventsomeonestrugglingwithaneatingdisorderfrom____9____supportortreatment.Evenifthe#whatieatinadaypostsaredisplayinga______10______dayofeating,thesubtextmessageof“eatlikeme,andyouwilllooklikeme”isharmfulbecausepeoplewillnotnecessarilyachievethesamebodysizeasthe______11______eveniftheycopiedtheirdayofeatingbiteforbite.______12______,whatmightbeahealthy,adequatedayofsatisfyingmealsforonepersonmaybeinadequateandunsatisfyingtoanother.Evenworse,someonelookingatthesepostsmayconcludethattheyneedtobeeatinghalfasmuchto______13______.Peoplemakingthesevideosareoverwhelminglythin,young,able-bodiedandwhite.Thereisacompletelackofbody______14______.Andthisencouragesharmfulcomparisonstounrealisticbodystandardsthatare______15______tothevastmajorityofpeople.Therefore,thoseofusfrommarginalizedcommunitiesareonceagainunabletoseepositiverepresentationsofourvaryingbodies,foodsandculturalrepresentationintheseharmfulposts.”1．A．views B．statements C．analyses D．identities2．A．emphasized B．simplified C．requested D．intended3．A．moral B．scientific C．potential D．instant4．A．modern B．staged C．educational D．labelled5．A．prioritize B．commercialize C．recognize D．exchange6．A．promoting B．representing C．spoiling D．perfecting7．A．welfare B．equality C．desirability D．justice8．A．individual B．instinctive C．restrictive D．changeable9．A．attracting B．seeking C．losing D．offering10．A．fixed B．balanced C．relaxing D．demanding11．A．reader B．advertiser C．browser D．poster12．A．Therefore B．Finally C．Additionally D．Meanwhile13．A．loseweight B．shareinterests C．assumeburden D．makecontributions14．A．language B．diversity C．warmth D．response15．A．available B．predictable C．inadequate D．unachievable1．A2．D3．C4．B5．A6．A7．C8．C9．B10．B11．D12．C13．A14．B15．D【来源】上海市浦东新区2022年6月二模英语试题【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抖音段视频“每天吃什么”的流行和它引发的问题。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但另一个趋势——“每天吃什么”——正在主导抖音，其浏览量已接近90亿次。A.views观点，观看；B.statements声明；C.analyses分析；D.identities身份。根据上文“TikTok”和“Butanothertrend”可知，本段讲的是抖音段视频上的新趋势，结合“nearing9billion”可推知，这里说的是浏览量，观看量。故选A项。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管“每天吃什么”发布的内容可能旨在为其他人提供健康的启发，但越来越多的人认为，这些记录日常饮食的视频日记可能弊大于利，尤其是在年轻女孩或有饮食失调史的人当中。A.emphasized强调；B.simplified简化；C.requested要求；D.intended打算，想要。根据“toserveashealthyinspirationforothers”和“willlikelydomoreharmthangood”可知，为其他人提供健康的启发是最初的目的或打算，但事与愿违，结果与打算不一样。故选D项。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些发布内容传递的潜在信息是，如果你像他们一样吃东西，那么你最终会像他们一样。A.moral有道德的；B.scientific科学的；C.potential潜在的；D.instant立刻的。根据上文可知，“每天吃什么”发布的是记录日常饮食的视频，结合句中“messagethesepostssendisthatifyoueatlikethem,thenyoucaneventuallylooklikethem.”可知，这些视频会让人们认为“你像他们一样吃东西，那么你最终会像他们一样”，这是这些发布内容传递的潜在信息。故选C项。4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，别人一天吃什么并不意味着它就适合你，因为这些“筹划的”的视频并不能完全准确地反映一个人通常吃什么。A.modern现代的；B.staged组织的，筹划的；C.educational教育的；D.labelled贴上标签的。结合常识和句中“notacompletelyaccuraterepresentationofwhatsomeonetypicallyeats.”可知，抖音上发布视频是经过筹划的，并不能真实准确地反应真实情况。故选B项。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，过于程式化的饮食并没有优先考虑营养充足的饮食。A.prioritize优先考虑；B.commercialize使商业化；C.recognize认识；D.exchange交换。结合选项和“overlystylized(程式化)meals”可推知，过于程式化的饮食不会首先考虑营养问题。故选A项。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发布内容在宣扬理想的饮食和理想的身材。A.promoting推销，促进；B.representing代表；C.spoiling损坏；D.perfecting完美，完善。根据句中“illusion(幻想)ofanidealdayofeating”和“idealbodysize”可推知，“每天吃什么”发布的内容是在推销它关于饮食和身材的理想概念。故选A项。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更年轻的观众，尤其是女孩和年轻女性，内化了这样的信息：她们必须像这些创作者一样吃，以实现和保持健康，以及社会吸引力。A.welfare幸福；B.equality平等；C.desirability吸引力，欲求；D.justice公平。根据上文“Thepostsare6theillusion(幻想)ofanidealdayofeating,alongwithanidealbodysize.”可知，“每天吃什么”发布的内容是在推销它关于饮食和身材的理想概念，所以年青女孩会认为这样做不仅可以保持健康，还可以保持好身材，提升社会吸引力。故选C项。8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种趋势最大的危害是它使紊乱的或限制性的饮食行为正常化。A.individual单独的；B.instinctive本能的；C.restrictive限制(性)的；D.changeable可改变的。根据“normalizes”可知，下文所说饮食行为是非正常的，与“disordered”是同一类别，结合选项，应选择使用“restrictive”作定语，表示将限制性的饮食行为正常化。故选C项。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可以妨碍患有饮食失调症的人寻求支持或治疗。A.attracting吸引；B.seeking寻找；C.losing失去；D.offering提供。根据“someonestrugglingwithaneatingdisorder”和“supportortreatment”可知，患有饮食失调症的人会寻求支持或治疗。故选B项。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的发布内容展示的是均衡的饮食，但“像我一样吃，你就会像我一样”的潜台词是有害的，因为人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，即使他们完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物。A.fixed固定的；B.balanced平衡的；C.relaxing令人轻松的；D.demanding苛刻的。根据上文“Eventhough#whatieatinadaypostsmaybe2toserveashealthyinspirationforothers”可知，“每天吃什么”的发布内容能为人们提供健康的启发，所以它展示的是均衡的饮食。故选B项。11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的发布内容展示的是均衡的饮食，但“像我一样吃，你就会像我一样”的潜台词是有害的，因为人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，即使他们完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物。A.reader读者；B.advertiser广告商；C.browser浏览器；D.poster海报，发帖人。根据下文“eveniftheycopiedtheirdayofeatingbiteforbite”可知，这里说的拥有好身材的“每天吃什么”上的视频发布人。故选D项。12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，对一个人来说，健康、充足的一日三餐对另一个人来说可能是不充分和不满足的。A.Therefore因此；B.Finally终于；C.Additionally另外；D.Meanwhile与此同时。上文讲即使完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物，人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，下文“whatmightbeahealthy,adequatedayofsatisfyingmealsforonepersonmaybeinadequateandunsatisfyingtoanother.”讲到食物因人而异，适合别人的不一定适合你，上下文都是讲模仿“每天吃什么”的发布内容的不妥之处，是并列关系，用副词additionally。故选C项。13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，看到这些发布内容的人可能会得出这样的结论：他们需要吃一半的量才能减肥。A.loseweight减肥；B.shareinterests利益共享；C.assumeburden承担负担；D.makecontributions做出贡献。根据句中“eatinghalf”可推知，少吃是为了减肥。故选A项。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：身体完全缺乏多样性。A.language语言；B.diversity多样性；C.warmth温暖；D.response反应。根据上文“Peoplemakingthesevideosareoverwhelminglythin,young,able-bodiedandwhite.”可知，制作视频的人都一个标准，身体缺乏多样性。故选B项。15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这助长了对不切实际的身体标准进行有害的比较，这对绝大多数人来说是无法达到的。A.available可用的；B.predictable可预测的；C.inadequate不充分的；D.unachievable不可实现的。根据“unrealisticbodystandards”可推知，这样的身体标准是不切实际的，对大多数人来说是不可实现的。故选D项。阅读理解--ACanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.16．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B．Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D．Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.17．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.18．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning. B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D．Toacceleratetransportation.19．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways16．A17．C18．A19．D【来源】2022年全国乙卷英语真题【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。16．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，使用无人机检查电力线使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。17．词义猜测题。根据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和C项：Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。18．推理判断题。根据最后一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应)”可知，对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。19．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。阅读理解--BDuringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干扰)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分贝),70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.20．Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A．Ithelpshimconcentrate. B．Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C．Ithasapleasantatmosphere. D．Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.21．Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A．Totalsilence. B．50decibels C．70decibels. D．85decibels.22．Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A．Personalprivacyunprotected. B．Limitedworkingspace.C．Restrictionsongroupdiscussion. D．Constantinterruptions.23．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．He’sanewsreporter.B．He’sanofficemanager.C．He’saprofessionaldesigner.D．He’sapublishedwriter.20．A21．C22．D23．D【来源】2021年全国乙卷英语真题【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。20．细节理解题。根据第一段“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus(这就是为什么我在街对面的联合办公空间办了会员，这样我就能专心工作了)”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.(大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，70分贝组的参与者——那些暴露在类似于咖啡店背景噪音水平的人——的表现明显优于其他组。)”和第三段“Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.(但由于70分贝的结果是显著的，该研究还表明，适当水平的背景噪音——不要太大，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。)”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.(那么，为什么我们这么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能在于，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入他人的谈话中。事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的交流和交谈会影响创作过程，而联合办公空间或咖啡店在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供了免受干扰的自由。)”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D。23．推理判断题。根据第一段“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.(在我的一本书的采访中，我的采访者说了一些话，我至今仍时常想起。)”可知，作者提到有人采访自己，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D。语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WiththeInternationalConferenceonFoodLossandWasteclosedonSaturdayinJinan,ShandongProvince,thecountryhassentasignalto____24____worldthatChinawilldealwithissuesconcerningfoodsecuritybyreducinglossandwasteinagriculture.Withthethemeofreducingfoodlossandfoodwasteandpromoting____25_