2025年高中英语第16讲 阅读理解之应用文（学生版）-新高二英语暑假衔接（人教版）

第16讲阅读理解之应用文1．了解应用文的解题方法与技巧。2．进行应用文真题训练。应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格等。英语《考试说明》对＂读＂的能力要求之一是：要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别不同文体的特征。研读近年全国各地的高考试题可以看出，应用文是高考阅读理解命题的重要体裁之一。1.考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。2.理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。3.信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。《考试说明》中＂根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义＂这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。4.句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。5.体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现＂语言是文化的载体＂这一理念。解题技巧高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：1.先题后文先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。2.题干定向根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。3.生词模糊遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。4.信息补全对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。（2023春·山东·高二山东省实验中学校考期中）Germanymaybefamousforitswealthofhistoryandculture,butitalsohousessomeofEurope'smostwildandwonderfullandscapes.JasmundNationalParkItliesonthewestcoastoftheoffshoreislandofRugen.ThisUNESCO-protectedsiteisthesmallestofGermany'snationalparks.ItisherethatpainterCasparDavidFriedrichfoundhimselfinspiredtocreateoneofhismasterpieces,ChalkCliffsonRugen,in1818.HerelongtrailscantakeyouallthewaytotheRugencoastline,wherewhite-sandbeachesandbluewaterswait.BerchtesgadenNationalParkBerchtesgadenisoneofGermany'soldestandmostbeautifulconservationareas.Trailsgoinandoutoftheforestleadingyoualongthebanksofglassylakes.Themoreadventurousvisitorsmaychooseparagliding(滑翔伞运动)fromMountJennerandtheycanflyover1,800meters.Backonthegroundanetworkofmorethan150milesofwalkingtrailstwistthroughtheforest.SouthernBlackForestNatureParkThehighlandareas,withviewsoverSwitzerlandandFranceareagoodplaceforfood-lovers.Activitiesintheparkrangefromhikingandfishingtomountainbiking,whiletheslowertravellerwillenjoythetrailsforanescapefromeverydaylife.TheBliesgauBiosphereThisplaceishometoalmosthalfofallGermanorchid(兰花)species.Thegrasslandsspreadformiles,drawingindifferentbutterflies.Thankstoitscomfortableclimate,thisisaregionofsustainabledevelopment.Infact,thisparkisanexampleoffarmingdonerightandoffersagriculturaltrickstoanyoneeagertolearn.1．WhatisspecialaboutJasmundNationalPark?A．ItliesontheeastcoastofRugen. B．Itcoversthesmallestarea.C．Itisthemostbeautifulplace. D．Itoffersbeautifulglassylakes.2．WhatcanvisitorsdoinBerchtesgadenNationalPark?A．Drawinspirationforart. B．Enjoyfishing.C．Experienceparagliding. D．Goforabikeride.3．Whichplacebestsuitspeoplewhoarekeenonplanting?A．JasmundNationalPark. B．BerchtesgadenNationalPark.C．SouthernBlackForestNaturcPark. D．TheBlicsgauBiosphere.（2023春·江苏扬州·高二统考期中）NewYorkBotanicalGarden:All-GardenPassFeelalittleboredwithcitylifeandwanttogetclosetonature?Thisticketisagoodchoiceforyou.FulldescriptionsTheNewYorkBotanicalGardenhasfeaturedthelandscapeofthenortheastsinceitsfoundingin1891.It’slocatedona250-acresitethatcontainsalandscapewithoveronemillionlivingplants,theEnidA．HauptConservatory—agreenhousecontainingseveralhabitats,andtheLuEstherT.MertzLibrary,whichcontainsoneoftheworld’slargestcollectionsofplant-relatedtexts.YourAll-GardenPassincludesadmissiontothe50outdoorgardensandallindoorelementsattheNewYorkBotanicalGarden.Summerbringsrichfloweringtothe50gardensandplantcollections.Thissummer,JeffLeatham,thefamousartisticdirectoroftheFourSeasonsHotelGeorgeVParis,returnsforTheOrchid(兰花)Show’s19thyear.Visitorswillbesurroundedbyorchidtowersoforange,yellow,andgreenandrollingfieldsofwhite,togetherwithartisticdecorationsandcolorfullights.Travelerrequirements◆Youarerequiredtowearamask.◆Allparticipantsaged5andoldermustpresentproofthattheyhavereceivedtwodoses(剂量)ofanFDA-orWHO-approvedvaccine.Inadditiontoproofofvaccination,allparticipantswhoareover18yearsoldmustpresentagovernment-issuedphotoID,suchasadriver’slicense,apassport,etc.KnowbeforeyougoMostofthegardenconsistsofoutdoorspaces,andavisitcanincludelotsofwalking,sobesuretodressaccordingly.4．WhatcanweknowabouttheNewYorkBotanicalGarden?A．Itishometomanyrareplants.B．Itfeaturesanorthwesternlandscape.C．Itisfamousforgreenhouseplanting.D．Itcollectsalargenumberoftextsaboutplants.5．WhatcanvisitorsdoatTheOrchidShow?A．Buildorchidtowers.B．Learntoraiseorchids.C．Enjoycolorfullights.D．TakephotoswithJeffLeatham.6．Whatshoulda16-year-oldboybringwhenvisitingtheNewYorkBotanicalGarden?A．Proofofvaccination. B．Recenttravelrecords.C．Lightclothing. D．AphotoID．（2023春·广东湛江·高二统考阶段练习）Mentalhealthisastateofmentalwell-beingthatenablespeopletodealwiththestressesoflife,realizetheirabilities,learnwellandworkwell.Herearesomefreeappsthatcanhelpyouimproveyourmentalhealth.TalkspaceThistherapyappmatchesyouwithatherapist(治疗师)licensedinyourstatewhocanconnectwithyouviatext,voice,orvideomessagingtoprovideguidanceandsupport.Itcouldbeespeciallyhelpfulforpeoplewhoneedmorefrequentsupportthanthetraditionalonce-a-weeksessionorwhodon’tfeelcomfortabletalkingthroughtheirissuesfacetoface.SmilingMindFreetherapyappsarehardtocomeby,butthisfreemeditationappfromAustraliaoffersaselectionofmeditationstohelpyoufindyourinnerpeace.SmilingMindofferskid-friendlymeditations,anoptiontobookmarkfavoritemeditations,andchartstotrackyourmindfulnessprogress.HappifyThisappisperfectforencouragingself-care,withassignmentsandactivitiesaimedatimprovingyourmoodandyourlife.Afteryoutakeanassessmenttodetermineyourareasofinterest,Happifyrecommendsafewtasksforyoueachday,eachtakingjustafewminutestoaccomplish-withthereasonthetaskworks.SuperBetterBuildresilience(恢复)withthisfreehappinessappbasedonresearchandabestsellingbookbythesamename.SuperBetterturnsbuildingstrongermentalhealthintoagame.Everydayitsetsyouonadifferentquesttohelpyouimproveyouroptimismandlifesatisfaction-andresearchersfoundthatusingtheappcanhelpreduceanxietyanddepression.7．Whichofthefollowingappsisfitforkids?A．Talkspace. B．SmilingMind. C．Happify. D．SuperBetter.8．WhatisspecialaboutSuperBetter?A．Itservesasagame.B．Itneedsanassessment.C．Itprovidesmoresupport.D．Itrecommendstasksdaily.9．Whatdothefourappshaveincommon?A．They’refree.B．Theymatchyouwithanexpert.C．They’rebasedonabest-seller.D．Theyoffertasksofdifferenttimeranges.（2023春·辽宁朝阳·高二校联考期中）BestAnimatedMoviesofAllTimeThesearethefinestanimatedmoviesevermade.Theseentertaininganimationclassicsarethebestofalasting,ever-developingmodernartform.SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfsAsthefirsteveranimatedfeaturefilminhistory,thisisalsothefirstanimatedfilmtowinOscars.Despitethehugelackoffunds,WaltDisneybetthefarm(孤注一掷)onthismusicalfantasy.Alotofpeoplethoughthewascrazytobelieveaudienceswouldconnectthemoviewithhand-drawncreationsin80minutes.MulanMulanwasbasedonaChineselegendandtoldthestoryofawomanwhopretendedtobeaman,andreplacedherfathertofightinthewar.ThefilmtooktheideaoftheDisneyprincessesandturneditonitsheadwithaverystrong-willedandpowerfulfemaleleadingtheway.ThefilmfinallypickedOscars.WALL-EHowcouldageneralaudiencein21stcenturyempathize(产生共鸣)witharobotwhobarelysaysaword?Well,big-eyed,kind-hearted,sensitiveandromanticWALL-Eisoneofthegreatestwonders,andhisdangerousjourneythroughouterspaceisnothingshortoffascination.YoucanexpectthisOscar-winningmovietolastaslongasthegreatsilentcomediesofCharlieChaplin.TheLionKingThefilmtellsthestoryofSimba,thelittle,whofinallybecamethekingofthegrasslandwiththecompanyofmanyenthusiasticfriends.Withnoshortageofgrandscene,memorablecharacters,andhumour,thisAfrica-setlooseadaptationofHamletsitsonthetopofthemountain.Itwasawardedforitsattractivemusic.10．WhatisspecialaboutSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs?A．Itistheearliestfilmevermade.B．ItisthefirstfilmtowinOscars.C．Itsprocessoffilmingwentwell.D．Itwasdoubtedbeforeitsrelease.11．WhatdoWALL-EandCharlieChaplin’sworkshaveincommon?A．Therearefewlines.B．Theheroesarerobots.C．TheywereOscar-winningfilms.D．TheyweresetinChineseculture.12．WhichisadaptedfromShakespeare’sworks?A．SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs. B．Mulan.C．TheLionKing. D．WALL-E.（2023春·辽宁大连·高二校联考期中）RegulationsforOn-campuslivingAppliancesApprovedappliancesforuseinstudents’roomsinclude:clocks,computers,fans,televisions,lampsandsinglecupcoffeemakerswithoutastay-onheatingelement.Studentsmayusethefollowingapplianceswithcare:hairdryers,ironsandheatingpads.Theseappliancesmaynotbeusedatallinstudentrooms:gasappliances,electricblankets,candlewarmers,non-university-providedairconditionersandrefrigerators.DamageStudentsareresponsiblefortheconditionoftheirroomandthefurnitureassignedtothatroom,aRoomInspectionRecordmustbecompletedandsignedbyeachstudent.Fromthisrecord,hallstaffcanidentifyproblemsandmakeneededrepairs;studentsalsoavoidchargesfordamagedonebypreviousoccupants.StudentswillbechargedforanydamagefoundintheroomthatisnotnotedontheRoomInspectionRecord.CookingBecausecookingisnotpermittedinstudentrooms,eachhallhasakitchenorkitchenettefortheuseofallstudents.Studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.Withtheexceptionofusingamicrowaveoventoheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.PetsPetscancreatesafetyandsanitation(卫生)problems,andtherefore,arenotpermittedinstudents’rooms.Fishistheonlyacceptablepetpermittedinaroomandmaynotbekeptintanksnolongerthan5gallons.Studentswhoarefoundwithunacceptablepets,whethervisitingorownedbythem,arefacinganinitialfineof$100andacontinuingfineof50adayperpet.Studentsreceiveawrittennoticewhenthefinegoesintoeffect.Ifoneweekfromthedateofthewrittennoticethepetisnotremoved,thestudentisreferredtotheStudentCourt.13．Whichofthefollowingitemsareallowedinstudentrooms?A．Ironsandfridges B．TVsandhairdryersC．Lampsandelectricblankets D．Coffeemakersandgasappliances14．Whichofthefollowingisnotagainstregulations?A．Usingamicrowavetoheatfoodintheroom. B．Leavingthetrashunremovedaftercooking.C．Boilingtwoeggsintheroom. D．Refusingtosharethekitchenwithothers.15．Ifastudenthaskeptadoginhisroomfor4dayssincethewarning,hewillface______.A．Afineof$100. B．Afineof$300. C．TheStudentCourt. D．Anoralwarning（2023春·辽宁·高二校联考期中）Ifyourbookshelfiscollectingdust,oryou’retryingtostartreadingmore,booksubscriptionscanbeadelightfulwaytosolveallyourliteraryproblems.Aneatly-packed,littleboxofbooksthatsitsonyourdoorstep,waitingforyoutoopenanddelightinallitsgoodness,abooksubscriptionissimplyoneoflife’sgreatestjoys.BoxofBooks,$49.99permonthatGreatjoy.Treatyourselftooneortwogreatreadsandfournoveltyitemseachmonth,pickedjustforyou.Rangingfromcurrentbestsellerstohiddengems(宝石),theBoxofBooksmakesagreatgiftforanybooklover.MysteryBookSubscriptionBox,$75persixmonthsatPreloved.Enjoyagreatselectionofprelovedbooks,comingstraighttoyourdoorforsixmonths,witharangeofextrastokeepyoureadingcomfortably.Youcanexpecttoreceivethreeorsixbookssenttoyoumonthbymonth,acrossagenreofyourchoice.MyCoffeeandBookBox,$38.99permonthatEtsy.Getlostintwonewhardcoverbooksfromyourgenreofchoicewhileenjoyingthefinestgourmetmicro-roastedcoffee.Ittrulyisthebestofbothworlds.Youcanchoosefromfiction,non-fiction,mystery,horror,sci-fi,fantasy,romance,orevenoptforasurprisechoice.UltimateMysteryBookSubscriptionBox,$95perquarteratIsubscribe.Senttoyoumonthbymonth,eachboxcontainsthreeorsixgreatbookswithonehand-drawnbookmark,anewhandmadecandleinavarietyofcolours,scentsandcontainers,andnewpairofsocks.16．Whichsubscriptionisthecheapestone?A．BoxofBooks. B．MysteryBookSubscriptionBox.C．MyCoffeeandBook.Box D．UltimateMysteryBookSubscriptionBox.17．Wherearehandmadearticleloversmostlikelytogo?A．Isubscribe. B．Etsy. C．Preloved. D．Greatjoy.18．Onwhichcolumncanyoufindthepassage?A．News. B．Celebrity. C．Lifestyle. D．Parenting.（2023春·重庆·高二重庆一中校考期中）Athens:MorethanaSummerHolidayDestinationWhiletheGreekislandsarepopularforsummerholidays,Athensisayear-rounddestination.Soevenifyou’reflyingtoGreecejustfortheislandsun,hereareafewreasonstospendtimeinthecapitaltoo!TheAcropolisEvenifyou’renotafanofhistory,someoftheancientsitesyoujusthavetovisit—andthisisprobablythemostfamousoneinAthens.TheAcropolisisanancientcityatthetopofahill,andhereyou’llseetheParthenon,atemplebuiltalmost2,500yearsago.It’sworthclimbingup,too,fortheviews—ofthesea,mountainsandLycabettusHillrisingupbetweenthecity’sapartmentbuildings.ThestreetsofPlakaandMonastirakiIfyoustillhaveenergyafterclimbingtheAcropolis,takeawalkaroundthenearbyarea.YellowandwhitebuildingslookdownonthesmoothstonestreetsoftheareaknownasPlaka.StopatthegiftshopsortakeabreakfromthesunwithaGreekcoffeeoratraditionalmealinoneofthelocalrestaurants—ortavernas.Walkonandyou’llsoonfindyourselfinthenarrowerstreetsofMonastirakiwithitsfleamarketsonallsides,givingyouarealGreekexperience.PanathenaicStadiumClosetothecenteroftownandnotfarfromtheNationalGardenistheancientPanathenaicStadium,whichwasrestoredforthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin1896.It’salsotheplacewheretheAthensmarathonfinisheseveryyear,soifyoulikerunning,youtoocouldfeellikeanOlympicwinner!ThecoastWhenyou’reinthecenterofAthens,itdoesn’tfeelmuchlikeacoastalcity,buttheseaisjustafewminutes’driveaway.Thebeachesgetbetterthefurthersouthyougo,oryoucanwalkbytheboatsintheshadowofthestylishnewoperahouse.19．Whichofthefollowingplacesisamust-goifyouwanttoseeancientrelics?A．ThePlaka. B．TheAcropolis. C．Panathenaic. D．Monastiraki.20．WhatcanyoufindinthestreetsofMonastiraki?A．GiftsshopsandGreekcaféwithtraditionalmeals.B．Narrowstreetswithlocalrestaurantsandsouvenirstores.C．Anoutdoormarketwheresecond-handgoodsaresoldatlowprices.D．Yellowandwhitebuildingslookingdownonthesmoothstonestreets.21．WhereshouldyougotofindAthens’bestbeaches?A．InthecitycenterofAthens B．Oppositethenewoperahouse.C．Drivingawayfromthecountry D．Goingsouthfromthecitycenter.（2023春·辽宁沈阳·高二校联考期中）Alotofpeoplelikemoviesandfilms.Theycanaddthrillandimaginationstoourlives.Findthelatestmoviereviewshere.FamilyRomanceLoveisabusinessatFamilyRomance-acompanythatofferstherentalservice.FounderYuichiIshiihelpsfulfillthedreamsofhisclients.Mahiro’smotherwillhireIshiitoplayashermissingfather.Andrealitywillbegintobeunclear.CriticsConsensus(共识):Itisafascinatingexplorationofhumanconnectionandfollowsanunconventionalpath.MulanThefearlessandspiritedeldestdaughterofanhonouredwarrior,Mulanistheappleofherfather’seye.TosaveheragingfatherfromservingintheImperialArmy,cleverMulandisguises(乔装)herselfasamansoldiernamed“Ping”tobravelytakeherfather’splaceintheImperialArmytobattlenortherninvadersinChina.CriticsConsensus:Itcouldhavetolditsclassicstorywithgreaterdepth,butthelive-actionMulanisavisualimprovement.GreenlandAfamilyfightsforsurvivalasaplanet-killingcomet(彗星)racestoEarth.JohnGarrity(GerardButler),hiswifeAllisonandyoungsonNathanmakeadangerousjourneytotheironlyhopeforrefuge(避难).Amongterrifyingnews,theGarritysexperiencethebestandworstinhumanitywhiletheybattletheincreasingpanicandlawlessnesssurroundingthem.CriticsConsensus:Beware,cometsofGreenland:GerardButler,isheretoprotectEarthandshowaudiencesanimprobablyentertainingtime.BlackBoxHavinglosthiswifeandhismemoryinatragiccaraccident,thenewsphotographerNolanWrightisdesperate.Afterlosinghiswifeandmemory,NolanWright,asinglefatherundergoesanexperimentaltreatmentthatcauseshimtoquestionwhohereallyis.CriticsConsensus:Aninterestingworkofwriter-directorEmmanuelOsei-Kuffour,BlackBoxmakesupforalackofsurpriseswithstrongperformancesandanemotionallyrewardingstory.22．Whichmovieshouldhavepresentedabetterstoryaccordingtocritics?A．FamilyRomance. B．Mulan. C．Greenland. D．BlackBox.23．Ifyoulikeseeingsciencefictions,whichonewouldyouchoose?A．FamilyRomance. B．Mulan. C．Greenland. D．BlackBox.24．Inwhichsectionofthenewspapercanyoureadthistext?A．Advertisement. B．Science. C．NewsReport. D．Entertainment.（2023春·江苏南京·高二校联考期中）Mostofthe60,000emergenciesthattheRedCrossrespondstoeachyeararelocal,personaldisasterslikehomefires.Theymaynotmakethenews,butweknowtheyarejustasdevastating(破坏性)tothefamiliesaffected.Sojoinustoanswerthecallwhenyourneighborsneedhelp.Trainedandavailable,DisasterActionTeamvolunteersarereadytorespondtotheseemergencies,24hoursaday,365daysayear.Fromofferingashouldertocryontomeetinganyimmediateneedsforshelterorsupplies,toconnectingpeoplewithlongtermrecoveryservices,ourvolunteersensurethatfamiliesdon’thavetofacetoughtimesalone.Disasteractionteamvolunteerssharethesequalities,lifeexperiencesandskills:•Teamspirits•Tenderhearts•Disasterresponseexperience•Acommandoftwolanguages•Calmnessandpatienceduringstressfulsituations•Availabilityandflexibilityforatleast4-6hoursperweekDisasterActionTeamvolunteershelplocalfamiliescopewithemergencies.Homefiresandotherdisasterscanoccuranytime,anyplace.AsaDisasterActionTeamvolunteer,you’llprovideemotionalsupport,financialassistance,andinformationtohelpfamiliesbegintheprocessofrecovery.Afteryourinitialtraining,yourshiftswillincluderespondingtoemergencieswithin2hours,nightorday,rainorshine,eitheronthesceneoractingremotelytoprovideimmediatecare.Withexperienceandfurthertrainingyoucantakeonleadershiptohaveawiderimpact.Note:thevolunteerpositionsavailabletoyouwillvarydependingonyourlocationandtheneedsofyourlocalcommunity.25．WhatisthedutyofaDisasterActionTeamvolunteer?A．Trainresidentsonsafetyawareness.B．Givepermanentsupporttothevictims.C．Helppeoplehandleemergenciesatanytime.D．Guideothervolunteerstotakeinstantaction.26．WhatisrequiredofaDisasterActionTeamvolunteer?A．Theabilitytostaycool. B．Outdoorsurvivalskills.C．Oversealearningexperiences. D．Serving4-6hoursmonthly.27．Wheremightyoureadthisarticle?A．Inanewspaper. B．Inam