2026版正禾一本通高三一轮总复习英语（北师版）-(七)创新命题热点-词汇新考法之派生与合成

(七)创新命题热点——词汇新考法之派生与合成eq\a\vs4\al(满分：45分；限时：45分钟)[考情速递]近几年高考完形填空试题设置的一个明显特征是选项中的派生词和合成词比例不断增加，如2023年新课标Ⅱ卷中出现了以后缀­ion结尾的名词、以后缀­ly结尾的副词、以前缀un­开头的否定形容词等。往往由于考生对构词法不熟悉，这些涉及词汇变化的新考点成了许多考生的失分区域。A(每小题1分，共15分)(2025·昆明三诊一模)“Who'sthat，Grandma？”four­year­oldTaylorpointedtoadelicategoldphotoframeIhadplacedonmydesk.“That'sgreat­grandmaGladys，”Ireplied.I1thepicture，myfingerscarefullytracingtheoutlineofthefamiliarfacereturningmygaze(凝视)：herclearblueeyes，thewrinklelinesthat2herforeheadandthetendersmilethatalwayscomfortedme.Mymindwasfilledwithremembrancesofmymother.Alwaysthe3，itseemedshenevermadeanyoneangry.Eventhoughshewas4ablephysically，shebaby­satmyyoungdaughtersoIcouldwork.Shealwaysmade5forhergrandchildren.Evenwhenshewasn'twiththem，shewasmakingsomethingforthemwithherhands.Thenherillness6．Thedoctorwantedtoexperimentwitha(n)7thatmightgiveheranotheryearoflife.Sheagreedsoshecouldbearoundto8herlong­awaitedfirstgreat­grandchild.Thesurgery9．Severalweekslater，Mompassedaway，exactlyamonthbeforeTaylor'sbirth.Stillingreat10，Itravelledfivehundredmilestobewithmyfamilyandwelcomemynewgrandson.Afewdayslater，asI11Taylorgentlytohelphimsleep，suddenlyIunderstoodwhyshewasso12takingcareofourfamily.Herloveforuswassodeepandso13—aloveIwasonlybeginningtolearntogive.“Shelookslikeyou，Grandma！”Taylor'svoicebroughtmebacktothe14．Hetouchedthegold­framedphototenderly.Myeyesturnedtohis，anda15smilecametomylipsandheart，forthenIknewmymother'sloveandpeace.It'salegacy(遗产)oflove.A．reachedfor B．askedforC．threwaway D．putawayA．toughened B．smoothedC．crossed D．shadedA．peacemaker B．daydreamerC．fortuneteller D．goalkeeperA．slightly B．merelyC．thoroughly D．barelyA．money B．timeC．trouble D．roomA．remained B．disappearedC．relieved D．worsenedA．examination B．regulationC．operation D．reflectionA．investigate B．greetC．search D．recognizeA．paused B．continuedC．failed D．worked10．A．sorrow B．dangerC．thrill D．debt11．A．grabbed B．rockedC．fixed D．teased12．A．astonishedat B．worriedaboutC．impressedwith D．committedto13．A．unreal B．unbearableC．unreasonable D．unconditional14．A．story B．presentC．memory D．destination15．A．soft B．proudC．bitter D．tightB(每小题1分，共15分)(2025·山西太原三模)Ihavehadthislong­sleevedshirtsincecollege.Aftermanyyears,therearewarning1thatitisonthewayout.Somebuttonsaregettingabit2．Andeventherearethosefaint3ofmealsthathaven'tquitecomeoutinthewash.Though4，itisstillmyfavorite.Onemorning,Iwasputtingonitforthefamilytripwhenmywifenoticedaholeintheelbow(肘部).Sheadvisedmeto5itoritwouldgetworse.Butitwassotiny.Idecidedto6itandwenttoreachforthebackpackatthetopofmyclosetwhenIheardtherip“sss­”Wasthat...?Ireachedfortheclosetdoorand7itshut.Riiipppagain.Thetinyholebecameabigtear,leavingmyarm8“Nowyoulooklikeascarecrow(稻草人)，”Mywifelaughed.“Maybeyoushouldthrowitaway.”ShouldI?Iaskedmyselfinsuchafast­fashionworldwhichrushestoproduceclothesthat9thelatesttrend,fewmaterialitems10ourloyalty.Butthisshirthadseenalotwithme,frommy11tomymarriage.Iknewevenapieceofclothingrepresentedalife12lived.Iintendedtostay13．“Isittimetoletthatshirtgo？”Mywifeasked.Ipausedforamomentandthengrabbedapairofscissors.14，Isoonpickedupmy“new”15shirtandshowedittoher.“Notyet，”Irepliedwithaproudsmile.A．signs B．remarksC．deals D．problemsA．common B．fineC．flexible D．looseA．spots B．appealsC．ingredients D．tastesA．inlowspirits B．inpoorconditionC．outofsight D．outofcontrolA．sew B．makeC．recycle D．designA．notice B．ignoreC．mind D．refuseA．kicked B．pressedC．slid D．keptA．untouched B．examinedC．broken D．exposedA．protest B．missC．fit D．pass10．A．waste B．identifyC．question D．gain11．A．graduation B．familyC．childhood D．retirement12．A．poorly B．cautiouslyC．fully D．busily13．A．efficient B．fashionableC．loyal D．calm14．A．Possibly B．HesitantlyC．Approximately D．Exactly15．A．old­fashioned B．short­sleevedC．high­quality D．famous­brandC(每小题1分，共15分)(2025·金丽衢十二校第一次联考)It'sbeennearlysevenyears.In2016,agroupofvolunteersbegantheir1ofthelandatWhatCheerFlowerFarminRhodeIsland,withasimple2：getflowersintothehandsofanyoneinneedofapick­me­up.3，eachoneofthetensofthousandsofbunchesofflowersthatWhatCheergrowsanddeliversis4freeofcharge.“Wewanttoblanketthestatewithflowersandbring5topeople，”saysErinAchenbach,WhatCheer'sfarmerandheadflorist.WhatCheerregularlydelivers6joytopeopleatrecoverycenters,foodbanks,seniorcenters,local7andmoreincludingAIDSCareOceanState.“Seeingthesmilesonpeople'sfaceswhodidn't8itwhentheyjustcameintohaveameetingwiththeircasemanagerorseeingthe9ofthosewhotakeadvantageofoneofourprogramsisgreat，”saysStephenfromAIDSCareOceanState.Locatedina10industrialneighborhood,WhatCheer'sflowerbedslieon2.7acresthatoncehousedacrumblingknifefactory.Andit'ssafetosaythattheWhatCheercrew11someflowersoftheirown：InMay,thenonprofitwasawardedarecord­high$500，000grantfromtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyforitscontinued12ofabrownfieldsiteonceabandonedbecauseofindustrialpollution.“Notonlydowegivethisspacebacktothe13bybringinglifetospacethat'squiteliterallydead，”saysAchenbach,“butwe'reeco­landingthespotwiththeabilitytohelpwiththe14oflocalinsectsandbirds,andthat'llonlymakepeople'slivesbetter.”“What'sgoodaboutafloweristhatitneeds15else，”sheadds.“Youronlyjobwhensomeonegivesyouflowersistoenjoythem.”A．career B．explorationC．control D．studyA．access B．mannerC．track D．goalA．Furthermore B．HoweverC．Accordingly D．LikewiseA．mainly B．regularlyC．entirely D．partlyA．closeness B．happinessC．kindness D．freshnessA．freezing B．invitingC．fading D．bloomingA．hospitals B．stadiumsC．auditoriums D．librariesA．miss B．spoilC．expect D．rejectA．grace B．gratitudeC．glory D．generosity10．A．developed B．restoredC．ruined D．deserted11．A．deserve B．refuseC．demand D．plant12．A．enlargement B．damageC．improvement D．pursuit13．A．company B．communityC．organization D．association14．A．migrations B．reductionsC．locations D．populations15．A．nothing B．everythingC．anything D．something(七)创新命题热点——词汇新考法之派生与合成参考答案A篇[语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述通过母亲的一张照片回忆她为家庭的无私付出，以及给家人的爱与和平。1．A[上文中的“adelicategoldphotoframeIhadplacedonmydesk”说明这个精致的金色相框是作者放在桌子上的；下文中的“myfingerscarefullytracingtheoutlineofthefamiliarfacereturningmygaze(凝视)”说明此时作者已经伸手拿起了这个相框，故选A。reachfor“伸手去拿”；askfor“请求，恳求(给予)”；throwaway“扔掉，丢弃”；putaway“将……收起，把……放回原处”。]2．C[根据语境可知，此处表示她的额头上布满了皱纹，cross“穿越，越过，横过，渡过”符合语境，故选C。toughen“(使)坚韧，(使)坚强”；smooth“使平整，使平坦，使平滑，使光滑”；shade“给……遮挡(光线)”。]3．A[根据空后的“itseemedshenevermadeanyoneangry”可知，她似乎从没让任何人生气过。由此可知，用peacemaker“和事佬”来形容她最为贴切，故选A。daydreamer“空想家”；fortuneteller“算命师”；goalkeeper“守门员”。]4．D[根据语境可知，尽管她的身体几乎不能自理，但她仍照顾作者年幼的女儿，好让作者去工作，故选D。slightly“稍微”；merely“仅仅”；thoroughly“彻底地”；barely“勉强可能”。]5．B[根据下文中的“Evenwhenshewasn'twiththem,shewasmakingsomethingforthemwithherhands”(即使她不和他们在一起，她也在用双手为他们做一些事情)可推知，她总是抽出时间给孙子孙女们，故选B。]6．D[根据下文中的“Severalweekslater,Mompassedaway”(几周后，妈妈去世了)可知，她的病情恶化了，故选D。remain“仍然是，保持不变”；disappear“消失”；relieve“解除，减轻，缓和”。]7．C[根据下文中的“Thesurgery”可知，医生想给她做一个手术，让她多活一年。operation与surgery是近义词，故选C。examination“检查”；regulation“规则，条例，法令”；reflection“反映”。]8．B[根据下文中的“herlong­awaitedfirstgreat­grandchild”“exactlyamonthbeforeTaylor'sbirth”和“welcomemynewgrandson”可知，她同意做手术了，这样她就可以在身边迎接她期待已久的第一个曾孙。greet与welcome是近义词，故选B。investigate“调查”；search“搜索，搜寻”；recognize“认出”。]9．C[根据下文中的“Severalweekslater,Mompassedaway,exactlyamonthbeforeTaylor'sbirth”可知，几周后，正好在Taylor出生前一个月，妈妈去世了。再结合上文讲手术成功的话能多活一年可知，这个手术失败了，故选C。pause“暂停”；continue“持续，继续”；work“起效，奏效”。]10．A[根据语境并结合常识可知，作者的母亲去世了，作者很悲痛，故选A。danger“危险”；thrill“兴奋，激动”；debt“负债”。]11．B[根据下文中的“helphimsleep”可知，作者轻轻地摇晃着Taylor助他入睡。rock在此作动词，意为“(使)轻轻摇晃，缓缓摆动”。故选B。grab“抓住”；fix“修理，安装”；tease“戏弄，逗弄”。]12．D[第一段讲母亲在世的时候，尽管身体不是特别好，还总是抽出时间照看作者的女儿，并用双手为孩子们做一些事情，由此可知，她全身心投入照顾家人，故选D。beastonishedat“对……感到吃惊”；beworriedabout对……担心，beimpressedwith“被……打动，对……印象深刻”。]13．D[空处所填词与上文的deep并列。此处表示母亲对家人的爱是深沉的、无条件的，故选D。unreal“不真实的”；unbearable“难以忍受的”；unreasonable“不合理的”。]14．B[Taylor的声音把作者带回到现在，故选B。story“故事”；memory“记忆力”；destination“目的地”。]15．A[作者给Taylor的微笑是温柔的，因为作者那时明白了母亲的爱和安宁，故选A。proud“骄傲的，自豪的”；bitter“令人不快的”；tight“严厉的”。]B篇[语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一件跟随作者多年的衬衣，虽然状态很差，但它仍然是他的最爱。在衣袖撕裂后，作者索性将它衣袖剪短以显示作者对它的忠诚。1．A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年后，有警告迹象表明它即将被淘汰。signs迹象、符号；remarks评论；deals交易；problems问题。根据下文“Somebuttonsaregettingabit__2__．Andeventherearethosefaint__3__ofmealsthathaven'tquitecomeoutinthewash.”可知，纽扣松动和污渍这些迹象都表明这件衬衣即将被淘汰。故选A。]2．D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些纽扣有点松了。common常见的；fine好的；flexible灵活的；loose松的。根据上文“Aftermanyyears”可知，这件衬衣被穿了多年，所以纽扣有点松动。故选D。]3．A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：甚至还有一些淡淡的斑点还没有洗干净。spots斑点、污渍；appeals呼吁、上诉；ingredients成分；tastes品味。根据下文“ofmealsthathaven'tquitecomeoutinthewash”可知，是吃饭时弄的污渍没有洗干净。故选A。]4．B[考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然状态很差，但它仍然是我的最爱。inlowspirits情绪低落；inpoorcondition状况不佳；outofsight看不见；outofcontrol失去控制。根据上文“Somebuttonsaregettingabit__2__．Andeventherearethosefaint__3__ofmealsthathaven'tquitecomeoutinthewash.”可知，这件衬衣的状况不太好了。故选B。]5．A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：她建议我把它缝起来，否则情况会更糟。sew缝；make制作；recycle回收；design设计。根据上文“aholeintheelbow”可知，衣服破了一个洞，所以妻子建议我把它缝起来。故选A。]6．B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定忽略它，然后去伸手去拿壁橱顶部的背包，这时我听到撕裂声。notice注意；ignore忽视；mind介意；refuse拒绝。根据上文“Butitwassotiny.”可知，作者觉得这个洞很小，所以决定忽略它。故选B。]7．C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我伸手去够壁橱门，把它关上。kicked踢；pressed按压；slid滑动；kept保持。根据上文“Ireachedfortheclosetdoor”可知，作者想把门滑动关闭。故选C。]8．D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个小孔变成了一个大撕裂，露出了我的手臂。untouched未触动过；examined检查；broken破坏；exposed暴露。根据上文“Thetinyholebecameabigtear”可知，这个小孔变成了一个大撕裂，所以露出了我的手臂。故选D。]9．C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我问自己，在这样一个快速时尚的世界里，急于生产符合最新潮流的衣服，很少有材料能赢得我们的忠诚度。protest抗议；miss想念、错过；fit适合；pass通过。根据上文“rushestoproduceclothes”可知，此处指忙着生产衣服，以符合最新潮流。故选C。]10．D[考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。waste浪费；identify识别；question质疑；gain获得。根据上文“insuchafast­fashionworldwhichrushestoproduceclothesthat__9__thelatesttrend”可知，处于这样一个快速时尚的世界里，很少有材料能赢得我们的忠诚度。故选D。]11．A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：但从我毕业到结婚，这件衬衫一直伴随着我。graduation毕业；family家庭；childhood童年；retirement退休。根据第一段第一句“Ihavehadthislong­sleevedshirtsincecollege.”可知，从毕业到结婚，这件衬衫一直陪伴着作者。故选A。]12．C[考查副词词义辨析。句意：我知道即使是一件衣服也代表着一种完整的生活。poorly糟糕地；cautiously谨慎地；fully完全地；busily忙碌地。根据句中“evenapieceofclothing”可知，此处指即使是一件衣服也代表着一种完整的生活。故选C。]13．C[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我打算保持忠诚。efficient高效的；fashionable时尚的；loyal忠诚的；calm冷静的。根据上文“fewmaterialitems__10__ourloyalty”可知，作者打算保持忠诚。故选C。]14．D[考查副词词义辨析。句意：没错，我很快就拿起我的“新”短袖衬衫给她看。Possibly可能；Hesitantly迟疑地；Approximately大约；Exactly精确地。根据下文“‘Notyet，’Irepliedwithaproudsmile.”可知，作者拿起剪刀，把长袖衬衣变成了短袖的。此处应表示强调，凸显直截了当。故选D。]15．B[考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。old­fashioned过时的；short­sleeved短袖的；high­quality高质量的；famous­brand名牌的。根据上文“grabbedapairofscissors”可知，作者拿起剪刀，把长袖衬衣变成了短袖的。故选B。]C篇[语篇解读]本文是记叙文，主要讲述了2016年一群志愿者来到因工业污染而废弃的旧厂区，成立了WhatCheerFlowerFarm，免费向人们送花。他们的努力不仅给人们带去了快乐，也让当地恢复了生机，昆虫和鸟类数量也得到了提升，最终使人们的生活更美好了。1．B[根据下文内容可知，2016年，一群志愿者来到这片废弃的土地并开始了对这片土地的探索(exploration)。career“生涯，职业”。]2．D[根据冒号可知，空后内容是对本空的阐释。根据空后讲的“getflowersintothehandsofanyoneinneedofapick­me­up”(把花送到任何需要提神的人手中)和下文故事可知，这是WhatCheer的目标(goal)。access“入口，通道，权利”；manner“态度，举止，礼貌，方式”；track“小道，小径，踪迹，足迹”。]3．A[该组织把花送到任何需要提神的人手中和每束花都是免费的之间是递进关系，故用Furthermore。accordingly“相应地，因此”；likewise“同样地，类似地”。]4．C[根据上文中的agroupofvolunteers和下文中的thenonprofit以及“Youronlyjobwhensomeonegivesyouflowersistoenjoythem”可知，WhatCheer的花是完全(entirely)免费的。regularly“定期地，有规律地”；partly“部分地，在某种程度上”。]5．B[根据下文中的“regularlydelivers__6__joytopeople”“Seeingthesmilesonpeople'sfaces”和“Youronlyjobwhensomeonegivesyouflowersistoenjoythem”可知，ErinAchenbach想要给人们带去快乐(happiness)。closeness“亲密，接近”；freshness“新鲜”。]6．D[根据上文可知，WhatCheer送给人们的是花；根据常识可知，这是将鲜花盛开的(blooming)喜悦送给了人们。]7．A[根据空前的“recoverycenters,foodba