广东省惠州市五校2024-2025学年高一下学期第二次联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省惠州市五校2024-2025学年高一下学期第二次联考英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADanceClassesBalletBalletteachesgrace,postureandflexibility.Studentsfocusontheuseofproperballetitems,expandingtheirknowledgeofclassicalballettechniquesandimprovingmotorskillsforclassicalballetpractice.Theclassisaformalballetclass.Age8—10September7,2019—May16,202010:30am—12:00amonSaturdayCreativeMoversStudentscanexplorecreativemovement,balance,focus,thedevelopmentofskills,motorplanningandbalance.Theclasshelpsbuildstrength,flexibilityandself-confidence,andallowschildrentorealizeexpressioninapositiveandencouragingenvironment.Childrenusetheirimaginationtocelebratemovementandhavelotsoffun.Age3—5September7,2019—January18,20209:00am—9:45amonSaturdayJazzJazzincludesmovementsfrombothclassicalballetanddancetechniques.Thisclasswillfocusontraditionaljazzdance.Studentswillbeintroducedtojazz-stylerhythmsandmovements.Inordertoensureproperplacementforyourchild,weinviteallstudentstoparticipateinasample(示例)class.Studentsandparentsworkwithprogramstafftomeetstudents’personaldancegoals.Age5—6September72019—May16,20202:00pm—3:00pmonSaturdayHipHopStudentswillbeintroducedtoseveraldifferentaspectsofhiphopdanceincludingpopping,locking,breakingandtuttinginahigh-energyenvironment.Ourhiphopinstructorsarehighlyknowledgeableandwillprovidestudentswithawonderfulviewofhiphopdance.Age7—10September7,2019—May16,20201:00pm—2:00pmonSunday1.Whichclassissuitablefor4-year-oldchildren?A.Ballet. B.Jazz. C.CreativeMovers. D.HipHop.2.Whatcanstudentsdointhejazzclass?A.Gettoknowjazz-stylemovements. B.Learnthelonghistoryofjazz.C.Dancewithfamousmodernjazzdancers. D.Makeuseofalltheballetitems.3.Whatisspecialaboutthehiphopclass?A.ItisavailableonSunday. B.Itteachestraditionaldances.C.Itisopenintheafternoon. D.Ithasthemostskilledteachers.【答案】1.C2.A3.A【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四门舞蹈课及其相关具体信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据CreativeMovers中“Age3—5(年龄3——5岁)”可知，CreativeMovers这门舞蹈课适合4岁的孩子。故选C项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Jazz中“Studentswillbeintroducedtojazz-stylerhythmsandmovements.(学生将被介绍爵士风格的节奏和动作。)”可知，学生们在Jazz课上可以了解爵士风格的舞蹈动作。故选A项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Ballet中“10:30am—12:00amonSaturday(星期六上午10时30分至12时)”和CreativeMovers中“9:00am—9:45amonSaturday(星期六上午九时至九时四十五分)”和Jazz中“2:00pm—3:00pmonSaturday(星期六下午二时至三时)”以及HipHop中“1:00pm—2:00pmonSunday(星期日下午1时至2时)”可知，其他三门舞蹈课都是在星期六上课，而HipHop课的独特之处在于它在周日上课。故选A项。BWheneveritcomestoholidays,mymothermakesfunofmysisterandmeabouthowwe“makeoutlikerobbers”.SheisreferringtothefactthatwearehalfJewishandhalfIndian,sowereceivegiftsonboththefestivalsoflights,HanukkahandDiwali.Thoughmymotherteasesus,Idonotmindgettingtwosetsofgifts!Hanukkahiscelebratedonthe25thdayoftheJewishmonth,whichisusuallysometimeinDecember.OnHanukkah,likemostJewishfamilies,welightamenorah(大烛台)andsayaprayereachnight.Wealsosayaspecialprayeronthefirstnight.Afterthat,itisatraditionformysisterandmetodo“hotandcold”forourhiddenHanukkahgifts.Whenwewalktowardsthegift,ourparentssay“hot”andwhenwewalkfartheraway,theysay“cold”.WeeachreceiveonepresenteverynightofHanukkah.AnotherpartIlikeaboutthisholidayisseeingfamilymemberswhowedonotseeoften.Myauntusuallystaysforafewdays,andwesometimesvisitotherrelatives.Diwaliisobservedonthe13thdayofthedarkfortnightofthemonthofAshwin(October/November).TocelebrateDiwali,myfamilydoesapooja,orprayers,inhonorofthegoddessLakshmi.Sincesheisthegoddessofwealthandprosperity,thepoojaincludeswashingsilvercoinsinmilkandwater.InIndia,peopledecoratetheirhouseswithlamps,similartothewayyoumightlightupyourhouseforChristmas.Myfamilyjustplaceafewcandlesoutside.Wealsosetofffirecrackers,whichismyfavoritepart.Weoftendothisactivitywithfriendstoaddtotheexcitement.Bothholidayshavedifferenthistoriesandstories.Wecelebratethemindifferentways,yettheybothhavethesamemeaning.TheybothtranslateintoFestivalofLights,andtheybothmeanfamilyandpresentsforme!4.WhydoestheauthorreceivegiftsonbothHanukkahandDiwali?A.Shelivesinawell-offfamily.B.Shelivesintwodifferentcountries.C.Herparentslikeobservingtheirdifferentcultures.D.Herparentslikespendingmoneybuyinggiftsforher.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hotandcold”inparagraph2referto?A.AkindofHanukkahgame. B.Ariddlewrittenonlights.C.AsortofHanukkahgift. D.Acanoffestivaldrink.6.WhatdoHanukkahandDiwalihaveincommon?A.Theysharethesamehistoryandculture.B.Theyarebothrelatedtotheoriginoflights.C.Theygetthefamiliestodotheirprayers.D.TheyarecelebratedbybothJewsandIndians.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsHanukkahandDiwali?A.Unclear. B.Indifferent. C.Appreciative. D.Critical.【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者因为父母是犹太人和印度人而庆祝两种不同文化的节日Hanukkah和Diwali，并对两个节日作了介绍。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“SheisreferringtothefactthatwearehalfJewishandhalfIndian,sowereceivegiftsonboththefestivalsoflights,HanukkahandDiwali.(她指的是这样一个事实：我们一半是犹太人，一半是印度人，所以我们在光明节和排灯节都收到礼物)”可知，作者的父母一个是犹太人，一个是印度人，因为父母庆祝各自不同的文化节日，作者会在两个节日里得到礼物，故选C。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Whenwewalktowardsthegift,ourparentssay‘hot’andwhenwewalkfartheraway,theysay‘cold’.(当我们走向礼物时，父母说‘热’，当我们走远了，他们说‘冷’)”可推知，“hotandcold”是一种光明节期间寻找礼物的游戏，故选A。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“OnHanukkah,likemostJewishfamilies,welightamenorah(大烛台)andsayaprayereachnight.(在光明节，像大多数犹太家庭一样，我们每天晚上点燃烛台祈祷)”和第三段中“TocelebrateDiwali,myfamilydoesapooja,orprayers,inhonorofthegoddessLakshmi.(为了庆祝排灯节，我的家人会为拉克希米女神祈祷)”可知，两个节日都让家人祈祷，故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“AnotherpartIlikeaboutthisholidayisseeingfamilymemberswhowedonotseeoften.(我喜欢这个假期的另一部分是看到我们不经常见到的家人。)”、第三段中“Wealsosetofffirecrackers,whichismyfavoritepart.Weoftendothisactivitywithfriendstoaddtotheexcitement.(我们还放鞭炮，这是我最喜欢的部分。我们经常和朋友一起做这个活动来增加刺激。)”以及最后一段中“TheybothtranslateintoFestivalofLights,andtheybothmeanfamilyandpresentsforme!(它们都译为‘灯节’，对我来说都意味着家人和礼物)”可知，作者喜欢庆祝这两个节日，持欣赏态度，故选C。CNowadays,handwritingseemstobecomelessnecessary,foryoungchildrenlearntotapandtouchscreensbeforetheyhaveevenlearnedtopickupapencilortietheirshoelaces.Mostofourwrittencommunicationisdonethroughtextingonmobilephonesortypingonakeyboard.Andvoicerecognitionsoftwareisbecomingmoreandmoreadvanced—makingevenkeyboardunnecessary!So,arehandwritingskillsimportanttoyourchild?Actually,handwritingisanexerciseineye-handcoordination(手眼协调),animportantpartofvisual-motor(视觉运动)skills,whichareconnectedwithachievementsinstudy.Scientistsfoundthatdevelopingfinevisual-motorskillsinearlychildhoodcanleadtonotonlywritingsuccess,butbetterperformanceinreadingandmathinelementaryschool.Itwasalsofoundthatkidswhofailtowriteneatlyandefficientlyareoftenaccusedofbeinglazy,andthismayaffecttheirbehaviorandself-worth.Moreover,astudyshowedthatwhenagroupofchildrenwereaskedtocomeupwithideasforanarticle,theoneswithbetterhandwritingweremoreactiveandhadquickerminds.Insomeways,handwritinghelpstheirbrains’development.Thefirstattemptsatwritingcanbechallengingforpre-schoolchildren—whosefinemotorskillsarenotyetfullydeveloped.Butsomeskillstoprepareforhandwritingaresimpletobuildathomeandinpreschool.Parentsshouldprovidelotsofopportunitiesforkidstocopyanddrawshapesandsimplepicturesinearlychildhoodbeforelettersareintroduced.Letyourchildcopyyourshapesinsand,orwithchalkonaboardbeforetryingtodrawtheshapesontheirown.Encourageyourchildtospendlesstimeonelectronicdevicesandmoretimeonactivitiestoimproveeye-handcoordination.Let’sfaceit—technologyiscertaintocontinuedevelopingandmoreresearchisneededtofindthebestwaystoteachhandwritingtoyoungchildren.But,there’splentyofevidencethatthehandwritingpracticecanprovideyoungchildrenwithagoodstartindevelopingskillsneededforahealthyandsuccessfuljourneyinschool.8.AccordingtoParagraph1,handwritingis______.A.easytolearnonatouchscreen. B.usedlessforcommunicationnow.C.moredifficultthantypewriting. D.totallyreplacedbyvoicerecognition.9.Howdoestheauthorexplainthebenefitsofhandwriting?A.Byshowingsomeresearchfindings.B.Bygivingexamplesofthekidsaroundhim.C.Bygivingsomenewsreportsonhandwriting.D.Byprovidingevidenceaboutoutstandingpupils.10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdo?A.Keepyoungchildrenawayfromelectronicdevices.B.Teachpre-schoolchildrentowriteletterswithchalk.C.Helpchildrengetreadyforhandwritingbeforeschool.D.Encouragechildrentofacewritingchallengesbravely.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Howcanpre-schoolchildrenlearnhandwritingskills?B.Shouldhandwritingbetakenseriouslyinchildren’sgrowth?C.Howcanhandwritingaffectchildren’sself-confidence?D.Shouldhomeworkbedonethroughhandwritingortypewriting?【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如今手写使用减少，但手写技能对孩子很重要，作者给出建议并表明手写练习对孩子有益。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nowadays,handwritingseemstobecomelessnecessary,foryoungchildrenlearntotapandtouchscreensbeforetheyhaveevenlearnedtopickupapencilortietheirshoelaces.Mostofourwrittencommunicationisdonethroughtextingonmobilephonesortypingonakeyboard.(如今，手写似乎变得不那么必要了，因为孩子们甚至在学会拿起铅笔或系鞋带之前就学会了点击和触摸屏幕。我们大部分的书面交流都是通过手机发短信或在键盘上打字来完成的。)”可知，现在手写在交流中用得少了。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Scientistsfoundthatdevelopingfinevisual-motorskillsinearlychildhoodcanleadtonotonlywritingsuccess,butbetterperformanceinreadingandmathinelementaryschool.Itwasalsofoundthatkidswhofailtowriteneatlyandefficientlyareoftenaccusedofbeinglazy,andthismayaffecttheirbehaviorandself-worth.Moreover,astudyshowedthatwhenagroupofchildrenwereaskedtocomeupwithideasforanarticle,theoneswithbetterhandwritingweremoreactiveandhadquickerminds.Insomeways,handwritinghelpstheirbrains’development.(科学家们发现，在幼儿时期培养良好的视觉-运动技能不仅有助于在书写方面取得成功，还能让孩子在小学阶段的阅读和数学学习中有更出色的表现。研究还发现，那些书写不工整、效率不高的孩子常常被指责懒惰，而这可能会影响他们的行为表现和自我价值感。此外，一项研究表明，当要求一群孩子为一篇文章想出创意时，那些书写更好的孩子更加积极活跃，思维也更敏捷。在某些方面，书写有助于他们大脑的发育。)”可知，作者通过展示一些研究发现来解释手写的好处。故选A。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butsomeskillstoprepareforhandwritingaresimpletobuildathomeandinpreschool.Parentsshouldprovidelotsofopportunitiesforkidstocopyanddrawshapesandsimplepicturesinearlychildhoodbeforelettersareintroduced.(但是，一些为手写做准备的技能在家里和幼儿园很容易培养。在引入字母之前，父母应该为孩子们提供很多在幼儿时期模仿和绘制形状和简单图片的机会。)”可知，作者建议父母在孩子上学前帮助他们做好手写的准备。故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“So,arehandwritingskillsimportanttoyourchild?(那么，手写技能对你的孩子重要吗？)”可知，文章围绕手写技能对孩子的重要性展开，介绍了手写的好处以及作者对父母提出的一些建议，文章主要讨论了手写在孩子成长过程中是否应该被重视。故选B。DIfyoudon’tuseit,youloseit.Atleast,that’showtheoldsayinggoes.Itreferstotheideathatsomethingthatdoesnotgetusedregularlyquicklyfallsintoastateofdecline.Forexample,ahobbythatyouhaven’tdoneforafewyears,likeplayingthepiano.Thenexttimeyoupickitup,maybeyou’veforgottenaltogether!Inordertopreventthis,peopletakeregularexercisetokeeptheirskillssharp.Well,whataboutthebrain?Asweage,ourbrainscannaturallybegintodecline(衰退).Insomecases,thiscanleadtocertainmentalconditionssuchasdementia(痴呆).However,allisnotlostbecausethesedaysit’srelativelyeasytotrainyourbrain.Smartphonesandappshaveputprogrammesthatcantest,keepandevenimproveourmemoriesandanumberofothermentalabilities.Withalittlepracticeeveryday,wecankeepourbrainssharp,right?Well,no,actually.AccordingtoareportfromtheGlobalCouncilonBrainHealth,eventhoughmanypeoplethinkitisbeneficialtoplaysomeonlinegamesthataredesignedtoimprovebrainhealth,theevidenceofthebenefitsis“weaktonon-existent”.Playinga“braingame”mayleadtoimprovementsingameperformance,butthishasyettoshowaconvincingresultinpeople’sdailycognitive(认知的)abilities.Don’tloseheart,though.Thereareotherwaystodevelopthebrain.Itrecommendstryingnewactivitiesthatchallengethewayyouthinkandaresociallyengaging,whileleadingtoahealthylifestyle.Amongtheirsuggestionsarepractisingtaichi,takingphotographyclasses,learningnewtechnologies,gardening,artprojectsorvolunteering.There’smoregoodnews,too.JamesGoodwin,chiefscientistatAgeUK,hassaidthatbraindeclineisnotunavoidable.Aslongastheactivitiesare“newtoyouandrequireyourconcentratedattention”,theycanprovidebenefitsforbrainhealth.So,hurryup,getoutthereandtrysomethingnew.Maybeit’stimetotrythathobbyyou’vealwayswantedtodo.12.Whyisplayingthepianomentionedinparagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopicofbraindecline. B.Toexplainhowtokeepphysicallyhealthy.C.Toshowtheimportanceofregularexercise. D.Toillustratethemeaningofanoldsaying.13.Whatcanweinferabouttheeffectivenessofplayingonlinebraingamesfromparagraph3?A.Thebenefitsarenotobviousintermsofdailycognitiveabilities.B.Bothgameperformanceandcognitivefunctionsaregreatlyimproved.C.Strongandcontinuousbenefitshavebeenproved.D.Theevidenceofthebenefitsisweaktonon-existent.14.AccordingtoJamesGoodwin,whichofthefollowingdoesNOThelppreventbraindecline?A.Takingpartinanewcookingclassthatteachestechniquesunknownbefore.B.Playingafamiliargamethatdoesnotdemandmuchthought.C.Participatinginaphotographycoursethatchallengesone’screativeskills.D.Learninganewmusicalinstrumentthatrequiresconcentration.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Regularexerciseandhealthylifestylearekeytokeepingthebrainhealthy.B.Braindeclineisnaturalandunavoidableaspeopleage.C.Onlinebraingamescanimprovepeople’scognitiveabilities.D.Engaginginnewandchallengingactivitiescanbenefitbrainhealth.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifyoudon’tuseit,youloseit.Atleast,that’showtheoldsayinggoes.Itreferstotheideathatsomethingthatdoesnotgetusedregularlyquicklyfallsintoastateofdecline.Forexample,ahobbythatyouhaven’tdoneforafewyears,likeplayingthepiano.Thenexttimeyoupickitup,maybeyou’veforgottenaltogether!Inordertopreventthis,peopletakeregularexercisetokeeptheirskillssharp.(如果你不使用它，你就会失去它。至少，老话是这么说的。它指的是不经常使用的东西很快就会陷入衰退状态。例如，你有几年没有做过的爱好，比如弹钢琴。下次你拿起它的时候，也许你已经完全忘记了！为了防止这种情况，人们经常锻炼以保持他们的技能锋利。)”可知，第一段中提到了长时间不弹钢琴，再次弹奏时可能会完全忘记，是为了说明前面提到的那句老话“Ifyoudon’tuseit,youloseit.”的意思，即如果不经常使用某样东西，它就会迅速陷入衰退状态。因此，提到弹钢琴的目的是阐释这句老话的含义。故选D项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Playinga“braingame”mayleadtoimprovementsingameperformance,butthishasyettoshowaconvincingresultinpeople’sdailycognitive(认知的)abilities.(玩“脑力游戏”可能会提高游戏表现，但这在人们的日常认知能力方面尚未显示出令人信服的结果。)”可知，玩在线健脑游戏可能会提高游戏表现，但在人们日常认知能力方面的效果并不令人信服，即好处在日常认知能力方面不明显。故选A项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“JamesGoodwin,chiefscientistatAgeUK,hassaidthatbraindeclineisnotunavoidable.Aslongastheactivitiesare“newtoyouandrequireyourconcentratedattention”,theycanprovidebenefitsforbrainhealth.(AgeUK的首席科学家詹姆斯·古德温(JamesGoodwin)表示，大脑衰退并非不可避免。只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。)”可知，对大脑健康有益的活动是对你来说新的且需要集中注意力的。B选项“玩一个不需要太多思考的熟悉游戏”，既不新也不需要集中注意力，不能帮助预防大脑衰退。故选B项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Aslongastheactivitiesare“newtoyouandrequireyourconcentratedattention”,theycanprovidebenefitsforbrainhealth.So,hurryup,getoutthereandtrysomethingnew.Maybeit’stimetotrythathobbyyou’vealwayswantedtodo.(只要这些活动“对你来说是新鲜的，需要你集中注意力”，它们就能对大脑健康有益。所以，快点，走出去，尝试一些新的东西。也许是时候尝试一下你一直想做的爱好了。)”可知，文章主要讨论了如何通过参与新的具有挑战性的活动来保持大脑健康，指出尽管一些人认为在线益智游戏可以改善大脑健康，但证据不足。此外，文章推荐寻求新的活动，挑战思维方式，参与社交，同时养成健康的生活方式，这些都可以为大脑健康带来好处。因此，文章的主旨大意是“参与新的具有挑战性的活动有益于大脑健康”。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonehasmomentsofforgetfulness(健忘)fromtimetotime,especiallywhenlifegetsbusy.___16___,havingapoormemorycanbefrustrating.However,researchhasshownthattherearewaystoimproveyourmemory.GetenoughsleepSleepingwellhelpsmakeepisodicmemoriesstronger.___17___,especiallyaboutlearningmotorskills,suchaslearningtoplayamusicalinstrumentorrideabike.Havingafullnight’ssleepsoonaftergaininganewskillhelpsstrengthentheprocessesinvolved.BelievetorememberPositivethinkingappearstoimprovememoryperformance.Researchersfoundtheycouldimprovetheperformanceofpeopleaged60andaboveinmemorytestsbypresentingthemwithpositiveage-relatedwordssuchas“wise”,and“sharp-witted”___18___Brainscanshaveshowndifferencesinactivitylevelsinbrainregions,accordingtowhetherindividualsbelievetheyhavegoodrecallabilitiesornot.___19___Memoriescanbeweakenedifthebraindoesn’thaveenoughresttostrengthenthem.Morethanacenturyago,Germanscientistsshowedthatpeopleperformedalmosttwiceaswellinmemorytestsiftheytookbreaks.Staysocial___20___USscientistswhoaskedpeopleintheir50sand60stodomemorytestseveryotheryearfoundthereisaslowerdeclineinrecallabilitiesofthemostsociablepersons.Havinggoodfriends,volunteeringandotherformsofsocialengagementalsoprotectmemory.A.TakeabreakB.StaymentallyactiveC.HavinganactivesociallifedelaysmemorylossasweageD.PoorsleepisthoughttohaveasignificanteffectonmemoryE.Givingotherswordssuchas“forgettable”and“confused”weakenedtheirperformanceF.Whilethiscanbeacompletelynormalphenomenon.G.Thereisevidencethatsleepplaysanimportantroleinstrengtheningmemories.【答案】16.F17.G18.E19.A20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些提高记忆力的方法，包括充足睡眠、积极的思维、适当休息以及保持社交等。【16题详析】根据上文“Everyonehasmomentsofforgetfulness(健忘)fromtimetotime,especiallywhenlifegetsbusy.(每个人都会时不时地有健忘的时候，尤其是当生活变得忙碌的时候)”以及下文“havingapoormemorycanbefrustrating(记忆力差可能会让人沮丧)”可知，上文说的是健忘是一个正常现象，下文说的是记忆力差可能会让人沮丧，可推理出空白处需要一个句子来衔接上下文，F选项“Whilethiscanbeacompletelynormalphenomenon(虽然这可能是一个完全正常的现象)”表达的含义符合语境，故选F项。【17题详析】根据上文“Sleepingwellhelpsmakeepisodicmemoriesstronger(良好的睡眠有助于增强情景记忆)”以及下文“especiallyaboutlearningmotorskills,suchaslearningtoplayamusicalinstrumentorrideabike.Havingafullnight'ssleepsoonaftergaininganewskillhelpsstrengthentheprocessesinvolved(特别是关于学习运动技能方面，比如学习演奏乐器或骑自行车。在获得一项新技能后不久，睡一整晚有助于加强相关的过程)”可知，良好的睡眠有助于增强情景记忆，特别是关于学习运动技能方面，可推理出这里在阐述睡眠对记忆的重要性，G选项“Thereisevidencethatsleepplaysanimportantroleinstrengtheningmemories(有证据表明，睡眠在增强记忆方面起着重要作用)”既承接了上文睡眠对增强情景记忆的作用，又引出了下文关于睡眠对学习运动技能相关记忆的影响，符合语境，故选G项。【18题详析】根据上文“Positivethinkingappearstoimprovememoryperformance.Researchersfoundtheycouldimprovetheperformanceofpeopleaged60andaboveinmemorytestsbypresentingthemwithpositiveage-relatedwordssuchas“wise”,and“sharp-witted”(积极的思维似乎可以提高记忆力。研究人员发现，通过向60岁及以上的人展示与年龄相关的积极词汇，如“明智的”和“机智的”，他们可以提高这些人在记忆测试中的表现)”可推理出此处是在对比积极词汇和消极词汇对记忆力的影响，E选项“Givingotherswordssuchas“forgettable”and“confused”weakenedtheirperformance(给别人诸如“容易被遗忘的”和“困惑的”这样的词会削弱他们的表现)”表达的含义符合语境，故选E项。【19题详析】根据下文“Memoriescanbeweakenedifthebraindoesn’thaveenoughresttostrengthenthem.Morethanacenturyago,Germanscientistsshowedthatpeopleperformedalmosttwiceaswellinmemorytestsiftheytookbreaks.(如果大脑没有足够的休息来强化记忆，记忆就会被削弱。一个多世纪前，德国科学家表明，如果人们休息一下，他们在记忆测试中的表现几乎会提高一倍)”可知，这一段主要讲的是休息对记忆力的影响，A选项“Takeabreak(休息一下)”作为小标题，能够概括这一段的主旨，故选A项。【20题详析】根据上文“Staysocial(保持社交)”以及下文“USscientistswhoaskedpeopleintheir50sand60stodomemorytestseveryotheryearfoundthereisaslowerdeclineinrecallabilitiesofthemostsociablepersons.Havinggoodfriends,volunteeringandotherformsofsocialengagementalsoprotectmemory.(美国科学家要求50多岁和60多岁的人每隔一年做一次记忆测试，发现最善于社交的人的回忆能力下降得更慢。有好朋友、志愿服务和其他形式的社交活动也能保护记忆力)”可知，最善于社交的人的回忆能力下降得更慢，可推理出这里强调了社交对记忆力的积极影响，C选项“Havinganactivesociallifedelaysmemorylossasweage(随着年龄的增长，积极的社交生活可以延缓记忆力的衰退)”符合这一段的主旨，故选C项。第二部分语言运用(共五节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AMother’sDaySurpriseThetwins,JennaandJeff,wereexcitedasMother’sDayapproached.They____21____plannedtomakeaspecialbreakfastfortheirmother.Afterobservingtheirmothercookinginthekitchennumeroustimes,theythoughttheyhadthe____22____tohandleit.Confidentandenergetic,theydecidedonFrenchtoastandchickenporridge,believingthesewouldbe____23____fortheoccasion.EarlyonMother’sDaymorning,theyquietlymadetheirwaydownstairstothekitchen.EverythingseemedtobegoingsmoothlyuntilJeffstartedfryingthebread.Thepanwastoohot,andin____24____,thebreadturnedblack.Havingthrownitintothesink,Jennaquicklyputanotheroneinthepan,____25____thefirethistimetoensureitcookedproperly.Justthen,Jeffnoticed____26____shootingoutoftheporridgepot,thusmakingthelid(锅盖)beginto____27____wildly.Inashortsplit,theporridgeboiledoverand____28____thefire.Jenna____29____,butJeffmanagedtostaycalmandquicklyturnedoffthegas.However,thestovewasinamess.JennatoldJeffto____30____itsotheycouldcontinue.ButasJeffwascleaning,hishandaccidentallytouchedthehotburner.Meanwhile,Jennasmelledsomethingburningagain—the____31____.Asthetwinslookedaroundthemin____32____,theirfatherappeared.Seeingthe____33____kitchenandthedisappointedfacesofhischildren,hesmiledkindly.“Don’tworry,kids.I’mheretohelp,”hesaid.Withtheirfather’sguidance,theyfinallymanagedtopreparemore____34____cookedbreadandcreamierporridge.Thetwinscarriedthebreakfastupstairsandwoketheirmotherup.“HappyMother’sDay!”theyexclaimed.Enjoyingthedeliciousbreakfast,allofthemrealizeditwasmutualcompanyandlovethattruly____35____.21.A.originally B.secretly C.effectively D.frequently22.A.permission B.pressure C.potential D.right23.A.appropriate B.convenient C.precious D.ordinary24.A.turn B.conclusion C.contrast D.addition25.A.increasing B.adjusting C.strengthening D.ignoring26.A.steam B.smoke C.gas D.flame27.A.fall B.shake C.beat D.shoot28.A.setoff B.tookaway C.putout D.blewout29.A.panicked B.apologized C.complained D.whispered30.A.lay B.check C.remove D.clean31.A.burner B.stove C.porridge D.toast32.A.relief B.amazement C.sadness D.excitement33.A.tidy B.messy C.empty D.narrow34.A.thoroughly B.barely C.overly D.evenly35.A.happened B.existed C.mattered D.changed【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.A25.B26.A27.B28.C29.A30.D31.D32.C33.B34.D35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。段位讲述了双胞胎Jenna和Jeff为了在母亲节献给妈妈一个惊喜，他们准备自己动手给妈妈做早餐，但是不幸的是，他们连连失败。爸爸发现了他们的秘密，主动提出帮忙，并帮助他们完成了早餐。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们秘密计划为妈妈做一顿特别的早餐。A.originally起初，原本；B.secretly秘密地；C.effectively有效地；D.frequently频繁地。根据下文“EarlyonMother’sDaymorning,theyquietlymadetheirwaydownstairstothekitchen.(母亲节一大早，他们就悄悄下楼去厨房)”可知，母亲节那天早上他们悄悄下楼去厨房，故此处指他们秘密计划为妈妈做一顿特别的早餐，故选B。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在多次观察母亲在厨房做饭后，他们认为自己有能力处理好这件事。A.permission允许；B.pressure压力；C.potential潜力，能力；D.right权利。根据上文“plannedtomakeaspecialbreakfastfortheirmother”和“Afterobservingtheirmothercookinginthekitchennumeroustimes”可知，他们计划为母亲做一顿早饭，并多次观察母亲在厨房做饭，推知此处指他们认为自己有能力做好早饭，故选C。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信心十足、精力充沛的他们决定吃法式吐司和鸡肉粥，因为他们认为这些东西很适合这个场合。A.appropriate适当的，合适的；B.convenient方便的；C.precious珍贵的；D.ordinary普通的。根据上文“Frenchtoastandchickenporridge”和下文“fortheoccasion”可知，他们认为这些食物适合母亲节的场合，故选A。【24题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：锅太热了，结果面包变黑了。A.(in)turn依次，相应地，转而；B.(in)conclusion最后，总而言之；C.(in)contrast相比之下；D.(in)addition此外。根据上文“Thepanwastoohot”可知，锅太热了，所以相应地面包就变黑了，故选A。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它扔进水槽后，Jenna迅速把另一个放进锅里，这次调整了火，以确保它能煮熟。A.increasing增加；B.adjusting调整；C.strengthening增强；D.ignoring忽视。上文“Thepanwastoohot”提到锅太热了导致面包变黑，结合下文“toensureitcookedproperly.”可知Jenna应是把火调小，故选B。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，Jeff注意到蒸汽从粥锅里喷出来，于是锅盖开始剧烈地摇晃。A.steam蒸汽；B.smoke烟雾；C.gas气体；D.flame火焰。根据下文“shootingoutoftheporridgepot”可知，从粥锅里冒出来的应是蒸汽，故选A。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.fall落下；B.shake摇晃；C.beat打败；D.shoot射击。根据上文“shootingoutoftheporridgepot”和下文“theporridgeboiledover”可知，沸腾的粥冒出蒸汽，锅盖应是剧烈摇晃，粥溢出来了，故选B。【28题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一刹那间，粥沸腾了，把火扑灭了。A.setoff动身，出发；B.tookaway拿走；C.putout扑灭；D.blewout吹灭。根据上文“theporridgeboiledover”和常识可知，粥溢出来把火浇灭了，故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jenna惊慌失措，但Jeff设法保持冷静，并迅速关掉了煤气。A.panicked惊慌失措；B.apologized道歉；C.complained抱怨；D.whispered耳语。根据下文的转折“butJeffmanagedtostaycalm”可知，Jenna惊慌失措，故选A。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jenna让Jeff把它清理干净，这样他们就可以继续了。A.lay放置；B.check检查；C.remove移除；D.clean清理。根据下文“ButasJeffwascleaning”可知，Jenna让Jeff把它清理干净，故选D。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，Jenna又闻到了烤面包的味道。A.burner燃烧炉；B.stove炉子；C.porridge粥；D.toast吐司，烤面包。根据上文“Frenchtoastandchickenporridge”可知，他们计划做法式烤面包和鸡肉粥，上文讲了粥的情况，此处应是说烤面包，故选D。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这对双胞胎悲伤地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。A.relief宽慰；B.amazement惊奇；C.sadness悲伤；D.excitement兴奋。根据下文“thedisappointedfacesofhischildren”和语境可知，面包变黑，粥溢出来，他们应是很难过，故选C。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到凌乱的厨房和孩子们失望的脸，他亲切地笑了。A.tidy整洁的；B.messy凌乱的，混乱的；C.empty空荡的；D.narrow窄的。根据上文“However,thestovewasinamess.”可知，厨房一片混乱，故选B。【34题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在父亲的指导下，他们终于做出了烤得更均匀的面包和奶油更浓的粥。A.thoroughly彻底，完全；B.barely几乎不；C.overly过度地；D.evenly平均地，均匀地。根据上文“thebreadturnedblack”以及空前“Withtheirfather’sguidance”可知，他们自己把面包烤黑了，在父亲的指导下应是烤得更均匀，故选D。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：享受着美味的早餐，他们都意识到真正重要的是相互的陪伴和爱。A.happened发生；B.existed存在；C.mattered要紧，有重大关系；D.changed改变。根据上文“mutualcompanyandlove”可知，此处指真正重要的是相互的陪伴和爱，故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ZhengXiaohui,aChinesestudentinMilan,Italy,hasperformedalotoferhuperformancesonthestreet,spreading___36___(tradition)Chineseculturetotheworld.ShecomesfromShandongProvinceandarrivedinItalyin2021.Shehasbeenplayingerhusinceshewas9,___37___(win)prizesinmanynationalmusiccompetitions.SinceApr