Unit 4 阅读理解和语法填空

高一英语Book3Unit4SpaceExploration话题阅读理解（说明文）+语法填空（含详解）班级：姓名：分数：阅读理解（每题2.5分，共15分）AInSeptember1966,NASAlauncheditssecond

Surveyor

spacecrafttostudythesurfaceofthemoon.

Surveyor

2

wascarriedtospacebya

Centaur

stagerocket.Unfortunately,itcrash-landedonthelunarsurface,butthat'snottheendof

Surveyor

2'sstory.Theupperstageofits

Centaur

rockethasspentdecadesfloatingaroundthesolarsystem.Thisweek,astronomersconfirmedthattheupperstageofthe

Centaur

rockethasreturnedtoEarthforabriefvisit.Researchersguessedthatastrange-lookingobjectwasapieceofhuman-madespacedebris(碎片)whentheyfirstsaw

it

inSeptember.Butsomeseriousworkwasrequiredtoconfirmitsidentity.Scientistsaroundtheworldhavebeenstudyingthebooster(助推器)sinceSeptember,whenthethen-unidentifiedobjectreceivedthename2020SO.Byobservinghowlightreflectsoff2020SOandcomparingthoseobservationstospacedebrisofasimilarageandmaterial,scientistswereabletoconfirmtheobject'sidentity.The1966

Centaur'supperstagere-enteredEarth'sorbitinNovemberandastronomersgotthebestlookattherocketboosteronDecember1,whenitmadeitsclosestpasstoEarth.Therocketboostercaughtastronomers'attentionbecauseitsorbitisverysimilartoEarth's,butitwasmovingmuchslowerthanmostasteroids(小行星).PaulChodas,fromNASA,studied2020SO'sorbittofindoutwheretheobjectcamefromandhebelieveditcamefromEartharoundSeptember1966,when

Surveyor

2

launched.“There'sverylittleambiguity(模棱两可),”

saysUniversityofArizonaplanetaryscientistVishnuReddyto

TheNewYorkTimes.Itwasaperfectmatch,

“thefinalapplestoapplescomparison.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph1referto?A.Abriefvisit.B.Thesolarsystem.C.The

Surveyor

spacecraft.D.Apartofalong-lostrocket.2.Howdothescientistsidentifythefloatingobject?A.Byrecordingitsmovingorbit.B.BymeasuringitsdistancetoEarth.C.Bychoosingasuitabledateforobservation.D.Bycomparingitwiththedebrisofasimilarage.3.Whatmadeastronomersinterestedinthefloatingobject?A.ItscomingfromEarth.B.Itsmovingatahighspeed.C.Itsorbit'ssimilaritytoEarth's.D.ItsfailureinreturningtoEarth.4.WhatkindoffeelingcanweinferfromVishnuReddy'swords?A.Doubt.

B.Confidence.C.Gratitude.

D.Surprise.

BAftertravelingthroughspaceforsevenmonths,China’sTianwen-1hasreachedMarsandsuccessfullyenteredtheplanet’sorbitonWednesday—bringingitonestepclosertolandingonthesurface.Tianwen-1,whichgotitsnamefromanantientChinesepoem,ismadeupofanorbiter,landerandasix-wheeledrover(巡视器)carryingscientificinstruments,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA).TheCNSAsaidtheprobeisexpectedtolandontheplanet’ssurfaceinMayorJune,andtheroverisexpectedtostayforthreemonths,withthehopethatitcangatherimportantinformationaboutMars’geologicalstructure,atmosphere,environmentandsoil,andsearchforanysignsofwater.Tianwen-1waslaunchedlastJuly,anditsarrivalintheMars’sorbitmakesChinathesixthcountryinhistorytoreachMars.Sofar,theUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnionaretheonlytwocountriestolandaspacecraftonthesurfaceofMars.ButtheEuropeanSpaceAgencyandIndiahavealreadysentspacecrafttoentertheplanet’sorbit—andonTuesday,theUAEjoinedtheirranks,withitsHopeProbesuccessfullyenteringorbit.WithTianwen-1,ChinaisthefirstnationtoattemptsendingbothanorbiterandaroveronitsfirstMarsmissiononitsown.Accordingtothescientificteambehindthemission,theprobewill“orbit,landandreleasearoverallontheveryfirsttry,andcarryoutexperimentswithanorbiter”.Bycontrast,NASAsentmultipleorbiterstoMarsbeforeeverattemptingalanding,sincepullingoffthelandingisafarmoredifficulttask.China’sfirstattempttoreachMarswasactuallyin2011withtheYinghuo-1probe,whichwassupposedtoorbittheredplanetandstudyitsenvironmentalstructure.ItwaslaunchedfromKazakhstantogetherwiththeRussianPhobos-GruntmissioninNovemberthatyear.5．WhatcanweknowaboutTianwen-1?A．IthasbeenontheMarsorbitforsevenmonths.B．ItwasnamedafterafamousancientChinesepoet.C．Itsroverwillworkforthreemonthsuponlanding.D．ItwillgatherinformationaboutcreaturesonMars.6．WhichofthefollowingcountrieshasalreadyputaspacecraftonMars?A．India.B．China. C．TheUAE.D．TheUnitedStates.7．WhichstatementistrueaboutChina’sMarsexploration?A．ChinaisthefirstcountrytosendorbitertoMars.B．China’sfirstattempttoreachMarshappenedin2012.C．ChinaoncedidresearchonMars’environmentalstructure.D．ChinaisthesixthcountrytoreachMarsfollowedbytheUSA．8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．IsMarsExplorationWorththeInvestment?B．China’sTianwen-1ClosertoLandingonMarsC．Mars:theFinalFrontLineofSpaceExplorationD．RecentTheoriesShowEvidenceofLifeonMars语法填空1：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheSmartDragon31(make)itsfirstfightonDecember9,2022.Therocket(火箭)toooffat2:35pmfromashipintheYellowSeaandsent14satellitesduringitsfight.Withits2(success)fight,theSmartDragon3isnowthe3(large)andstrongestinChina’ssolid-propellant(固体推进器)rocket.Itiscapable4sendingmanysatellites.ThemodelisthesecondChineserocketwiththeability5(take)offbothonlandandatsea.Chinahad6(previous)carriedouttwoship-basedrocketlaunchesusingitsLongMarch11solid-propellantrocket.Anewtypeoflaunchserviceshipisunderresearchand7(develop).Itwillbeabletocarrymanyrocketsandconductseverallaunchesinasingleflight.NowwehavestarteddesigningtheSmartDragon4,8willbelargerandmorepowerful.Wearealsostudyingthepossibilityofbringingliquid-propellantrocketstotheseaforlaunch.9(compare)withtraditionalland-basedlaunches,aseataskhasalowerriskofcausingtrouble.Themethodalsoallowslaunchestobemadeneartheequator(赤道),andthatincreasestherocket’scarryingcapacity,lowerslaunchcosts10increasesthelifeofsatellites.语法填空2：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China's

Chang'e-5

missionhasreturned11.________Earthwithrockand

“soil(

土壤)”

itpickedupoffthemoon.Thespacecraftcarryingthematerials12.

________(land)inInnerMongoliaat01:

59on17December2020.It'smorethan40yearssincetheAmerican

Apollo

andtheUSSR

Luna

missionsbrought13.

________(they)sampleshome.Atotalofjustunder400kgoflunarsurfacematerialswerecollectedbyAmerican

Apollo

astronauts14.________theUSSR'srobotic

Luna

landers.Butallthesesampleswereveryold—morethanthreebillionyearsinage.Chang'e-5'srockand“soil”shouldbequite15.________(difference).TheChinesemissiontargetedahighvolcanicregion16.________(call)MonsRümkerinthenorthwestofthenearsideofthemoon.Samplesfromthisareamaybenomorethan1.2or1.3billionyearsold,and,assuch,shouldprovidemoreinformationonhowthemoonisconstructedinside.Thesampleswillalsoallow17.

________(scientist)tocalibrate(

校准)morefinelythe

“chronometer(

天文钟)”

theyusetoagesurfacesontheinnersolarsystemplanets.Thisisdoneby18.________(count)craters(环形山),butitdependsonhavingsomedefinitivedating(

确定性的年代测定)at19.

________numberoflocations,andthe

Apollo

and

Luna

sampleswerekeytothis.Chang'e-5

wouldofferafurtherdatapoint.Chinesespaceofficialshavesaidthenewsampleswill20.________(share)withtheUNandinternationalpartners.TheChinesepublicwillalsogettoseesomeofthematerialswhentheyareshowninanationalmuseum.阅读理解答案：A篇：1.D2.D3.C4.B本文是新闻报道。天文学家已确认一块太空碎片来自于1966年NASA发射的Centaur火箭的助推器。1.D篇章结构题。由划线词所在句句意可知，it指代本句中的astrangelookingobjectwasapieceofhumanmadespacedebris；再由上文中的Theupperstageofits

Centaur

rockethasspentdecadesfloatingaroundthesolarsystem和theupperstageofthe

Centaur

rockethasreturnedtoEarthforabriefvisit可知，it在此处指代在太空中漂浮了几十年而失去联系的Centaur火箭的一部分碎片。2.D细节理解题。由第二段中的Byobservinghowlightreflectsoff2020SOandcomparingthoseobservationstospacedebrisofasimilarageandmaterial,scientistswereabletoconfirmtheobject'sidentity可知，天文学家通过将该太空碎片与同年代、同材料的太空碎片进行光反射比照，进而确定其身份。3.C细节理解题。题干中的thefloatingobject指已发现的在太空中漂浮的Centaur火箭助推器的碎片；由第三段中的Therocketboostercaughtastronomers'attentionbecauseitsorbitisverysimilartoEarth's可知，天文学家对其感兴趣是因为该物体和地球的运行轨道相似。4.B推理判断题。由最后一段中VishnuReddy说的There'sverylittleambiguity以及Itwasaperfectmatch,

“thefinalapplestoapplescomparison.”可知，早在今年9月份就发现的该碎片的身份得到了最终证实——确定是来自1966年NASA发射的Centaur火箭助推器的残片。littleambiguity和Itwasaperfectmatch都是一种肯定的总结，故他的话中透露出一种坚定的自信。B篇：5．C6．D7．C8.B本文是一篇说明文。本文简要介绍中国火星探测器“天问一号”进入火星轨道准备着陆。15．C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句的“TheCNSAsaidtheprobeisexpectedtolandontheplanet’ssurfaceinMayorJune,andtheroverisexpectedtostayforthreemonths（中国国家航天局表示，探测器预计将于5月或6月在火星表面着陆，探测器预计将停留三个月）”可知，天问一号在火星着陆后将工作三个月。故选C项。16．D细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Sofar,theUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnionaretheonlytwocountriestolandaspacecraftonthesurfaceofMars.（到目前为止，美国和前苏联是仅有的两个航天器在火星表面着陆的国家。）”可知，美国和原苏联是仅有的已经成功着陆火星的国家。故选D项。17．C细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“China’sfirstattempttoreachMarswasactuallyin2011withtheYinghuo-1probe,whichwassupposedtoorbittheredplanetandstudyitsenvironmentalstructure.（中国首次尝试登陆火星实际上是在2011年发射的“火星一号”探测器，该探测器本应围绕这颗红色星球运行，并研究其环境结构。）”推知，中国的火星探索研究过火星的环境结构。故选C项。18．B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Aftertravelingthroughspaceforsevenmonths,China’sTianwen-1hasreachedMarsandsuccessfullyenteredtheplanet’sorbitonWednesday—bringingitonestepclosertolandingonthesurface.（在太空飞行了七个月后，中国的“天文一号”于周三抵达火星并成功进入轨道，离着陆火星表面又近了一步。）”结合全文可知，本文介绍中国火星探测器“天问一号”进入火星轨道准备着陆，所以B项“China’sTianwen-1ClosertoLandingonMars（中国天问一号即将着陆火星）”与此相符。故选B项。语法填空1答案：1．made2．successful3．largest4．of5．totake6．previously7．development8．which9．Compared10．and本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国捷龙3号固体运载火箭在黄海飞射成功并介绍了其先进的特点，同时介绍了目前正在研发更加强大的捷龙4号火箭，考虑将液体推进剂火箭带到海上发射的可能。1．考查谓语动词。句意：捷龙3于2022年12月9日进行了首次飞行。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“onDecember9,2022”可知，此处应为一般过去时态，且与主语theSmartDragon3之间为主动关系。故填made。2．考查形容词。句意：凭借其成功的战斗，捷龙3号现在是中国固体推进剂火箭中最大和最强的。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，success的形容词为successful意为“成功的”。故填successful。3．考查形容词。句意：凭借其成功的战斗，捷龙3号现在是中国固体推进剂火箭中最大和最强的。分析句子结构可知，此处与空后的strongest并列，所以应使用形容词最高级。故填strongest。4．考查介词。句意：它能发射许多卫星。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语becapableof意为“能够……”符合句意。故填of。5．考查非谓语动词。句意：该模型是中国第二种能够在陆地和海上同时起飞的火箭。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词ability通常使用不定式形式，且表主动意义。故填totake。6．考查副词。句意：中国此前使用长征11号固体推进剂火箭进行了两次舰载火箭发射。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰谓语动词，previous的副词为previously意为“以前地，先前地”符合句意。故填previously。7．考查名词。句意：一种新型的发射服务船正在研究和发展中。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，develop的名词为development且为不可数名词。故填development。8．考查定语从句。句意：现在我们已经开始设计捷龙4号，它将更大、更强大。分析句子结构可知