新人教八上英语U6动词不定式做宾语语法知识及练习

新人教八上英语U6动词不定式做宾语语法知识及练习一、动词不定式作宾语的核心概念1.基本定义动词不定式（to+do）在句中充当宾语成分，表示某个动作的目的或意图。2.语法特点结构形式：to+动词原形（如：togo,tostudy）句法功能：位于及物动词后作宾语语义特征：表示未发生的动作或状态不定式作宾语的动词分类类别动词示例意愿类want,wish,hope,wouldlike,preferIhopetoseeyousoon.决定类decide,choose,plan,determineHechosetostay.承诺类agree,promise,offer,refuseSheagreedtoe.学习类learn,manageWelearnedtocooperate.其他类try,begin,startDon'tforgettocallme.特殊结构1.疑问词+不定式结构常见疑问词：what(什么)how(如何)when(何时)where(何地)whether(是否)例句：Idon'tknowwhattodonext.Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?2.it作形式宾语结构：find/think/feel+it+adj.+动词不定式(短语)常见动词：find(发现)think(认为)make(使)consider(认为)例句：Ifinditdifficulttounderstandthistheory.Hethinksitimportanttolearnasecondlanguage.四、有些动词后既可以跟动词不定式作宾语，也可以跟动词ing形式作宾语，但是意义不同。常见的此类动词有：forgettodosthforgetdoingsth忘记去做某事(未做)忘记做过某事(已做)remembertodosthrememberdoingsth记着要做某事(未做)记得做过某事(已做)trytodosthtrydoingsth尽力去做某事试着做某事stoptodostopdoing停止去做某事停止正在做某事练习巩固一、基础巩固题（用所给动词的适当形式填空）：1.Shehopes______(get)goodgradesinthefinalexam.2.Wedecided______(postpone)thetripduetobadweather.3.Theteachertaughtushow______(solve)thiskindofproblem.4.Ifinditinteresting______(learn)aboutdifferentcultures.5.Theypromised______(finish)theworkbyFriday.二、改写句子（每题4分，共20分）**1.Shedoesn'tknowwhichdresssheshouldbuy.→Shedoesn'tknow__________________.2.CouldyoutellmehowIcanimprovemyEnglish?→Couldyoutellme__________________myEnglish?3.Hefoundthatitwasdifficulttosolvethemathproblem.→Hefound__________________themathproblem.4.Idon'trememberwhenIshouldfinishthereport.→Idon'tremember__________________thereport.5.Theyhaven'tdecidedwheretheywillgoforvacation.→Theyhaven'tdecided__________________forvacation.6.Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddonext.→Idon'tknow__________________next.7.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothemuseum?→Couldyoutellme__________________tothemuseum?8.Hefoundthatitwasdifficulttosolvethemathproblem.→Hefound__________________themathproblem.二、单选题1.Shewants______adoctorwhenshegrowsup.A.beeB.tobeeC.beingD.became2.Theydecided______theprojectnextmonth.A.startB.tostartC.startingD.started3.Doyouknowhow______thismachine?A.useB.touseC.usingD.used4.Hepromised______mewithmyhomework.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helped5.It'simportant______enoughsleepeverynight.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.got6.Idon'tknow______next.A.whattodoB.howtodoC.whendoD.wheredo7.Sheagreed______uswiththeexperiment.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helped8.Hechose______abroadforfurtherstudy.A.goB.togoC.goingD.went9.Weexpect______theworkbytomorrow.A.finishB.tofinishC.finishingD.finished10.Ittookmeanhour______myhomework.A.doB.todoC.doingD.did四、句子翻译1.他决定明年去北京旅游。→He__________________Beijingnextyear.2.她希望成为一名优秀的教师。→She__________________anexcellentteacher.3.我不知道该选哪本书。→Idon’tknow__________________.4.他们承诺会准时到达。→They__________________ontime.5.学习一门外语很重要。→It’simportant____________aforeignlanguage.参考答案：基础巩固题1.toget2.topostpone3.tosolve4.tolearn5.tofinish改写句子1.whichdresstobuy（疑问词which+todo结构，替代宾语从句）2.howtoimprove（疑问词how+todo结构，替代宾语从句）3.itdifficulttosolve（it作形式宾语，真正宾语是tosolve）4.whentosubmit（疑问词when+todo结构，替代宾语从句）5.wheretogo