人与自然之环境保护-中考英语阅读理解专项突破（练习版）

专题四：人与自然

备战2022年中考英语阅读理解专项突破

考向2人与自然之环境保护

Passage1（2021•宁夏•中考真题）

Twolittlegirls,14yearoldCindyand12yearoldLucy,wrotetoanewspaperoffice,askingsomefastfood

restaurantstostopgivingawayfreeplastic（塑料）toys.Manypeoplereadtheletterandsupportedthem.

this.Thatbeenlearningallabouttheenvironmentatschoolandtheproblemofplastic.Itmadeusverysadto

seehowplasticharmswildlifeandpollutestheocean,andwewanttochangethis.Thafswhywewantthefastfood

restaurantstothinkoftheenvironmentandstopgivingawayplastictoyswiththeirkidsmeals.thetwogirlswrote

intheirletter.

“Weliketogotoeatinfastfoodrestaurants,butchildrenonlyplaywiththeplastictoystheygiveusforafew

minutesbeforetheygetthrownaway.Intheend,theywillharmanimalsandpollutethesea.Wewantanythingthey

giveustobesustainable（可持续发展的），sowecanprotecttheearthforusandforfuturehumans,they

continued.

Thelettermadealargenumberofreaderspayattentiontothem.Thenumberofpeoplewhosupportedthem

almostdoubledafterreportersfollowedthetwolittlegirls.

Sincethelittlegirls'storystartedbeingpickedupbynewsreporters,thefastfoodrestaurantshadtogivea

replytothenewspaperoffice,tellingabouttheirplansformakingtheirfreetoysmoresustainable.

1.Thetwolittlegirlswrotetothenewspaperofficeinorderto.

A.getsomefastfood

B.getsomefreepresents

C.stopchildrenhavingjunkfood

D.stopfastfoodrestaurantsgivingawayplastictoys

2.Wheredothetwogirlslearnabouttheenvironment?

A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Inarestaurant.D.Inalibrary.

3.Theunderlinedword"they"inParagraph3refersto（指）inthepassage.

A.fastfoodrestaurantsB.fastfoodC.plastictoysD.wastewater

4.Whatmayfastfoodrestaurantsmostprobablydotodealwithfreeplastictoys?

A.Theymaystopgivingawayfreeplastictoys.

B.Theymaymakefreetoyswithpaperandcloth.

C.Theymayselltheirplastictoystoothercountries.

D.Theymaymakefreeplastictoysmoresustainable.

Passage2（2021•广西梧州•中考真题）

1Recyclingisawaytotakerubbishandturnitintonewproducts.Ifshelpfultoourenvironment.Therearea

numberofdifferentrecyclingstepsthatallowmaterialstobeusedmorethanonce.

Allkindsofmaterialscanberecycled.Someofthemostmonthingsinusetodayincluderecyclingplastic,

glass,metalsandpaper.Thingsmadeofthesematerialsincludesodacans,plasticmilkboxes,newspapers,puters

andcardboardboxes.

Thereareanumberofadvantagesforrecycling.Theseinclude:Landfills-Recyclingmaterialsmeansless

rubbishandsavesspaceinlandfills.Resources-Whenweusematerialsagain,thismeanswecantakefewer

resourcesfromtheearth.Pollution-ingeneral,recyclingmaterialscanproducelesspollution,helpingtokeepour

environmentclean.

Besuretorecycleeverythingyoucaninyourhouseandschool.Thereisalmosta“recycle“rubbishcan

around.Besuretodropyourusedaluminumcansandplasticbottlesthere.Athome,besuretoputpaperthingslike

thenewspapers,paperboxes,andhomeworkpagesintotherecyclebox.

Plasticsareusuallymarkedwithanidentificationcodethatshowsarecyclingsymbolandanumberfrom1to

7.Thisshowsthatthetypeofchemicals,ormaterials,isusedinmakingtheplastic.Usedpapercanberecycled

aroundseventimes.

Itishightimewesetuparecyclestationineverystreet,acrossthecityandthecountry,sothecleanerscan

transporttherubbishconveniently.Thisistheonlywayoutforhandlingrubbishwithoutcausingdangertothe

environmentandourhealth.Forourselves,ourchildrenandourchildren'schildren,lefstakeactionNOW!

5.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthat.

A.wecanmakemoremoneyfromrecycling

B.recyclingishelpfultoourenvironment

C.recyclingismonandpopular

D.thereistoomuchrubbisharoundus

6.Inparagraph3,weknowthatrecyclinghasmanyadvantagesincluding.

A.lessrubbishB.morespace

C.lesspollutionD.alltheabove

7.Whatkindsofmaterialsareusuallymarkedwithanidentificationcode?

A.Paper.B.Plastics.C.Glass.D.Metals.

8.Theunderlinedword"handling"inthelastparagraphmeansinChinese.

A.处理B.生产C.收购D.变卖

9.Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellus?

A.Weshouldrecycleeverythinginourdailylife.

B.Manyresourcescanbesavedbyrecycling.

C.Weshouldtakeactiontorecyclerubbish.

D.Recyclestationsshouldbesetupinthestreet.

Passage3（2021•辽宁大连•中考真题）

Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?Bybikeoronfoot?MaybeyoucantryanewwaytakingaS'CoolBus.

TheS'CoolBusisalsocalledthebikebus.Itwasinventedinthebikekingdom-theNetherlands.Itisall

aboutgreenlifestyle,sportandsharing.Ifsinterestingforkidstoridethebustogethertogotoschool.

Also,itisverysafe.Thebikebushasadriverandelevenseatsforkids.Eachonehasahelmet（头盔）and

safetybelt（安全带）.Thereisalsoaroofonthebus.Itcanbeusedonhotdaysorrainydaystomakekidsfeel

fortable.

Ridingthebikebusisoneofthegreatestwaysforchildrentogettoschool.Peter,alOyearoldpupil,beesabigfan

ofthebikebus."NowtheS'CoolBusismyfavoritewayoftransport.Icanrideittogetherwithotherkidstokeep

healthy.Ifsfulloffun/Tormostparents,itcanhelpthemsavealotoftimebecausetheyonlyhavetopickuptheir

childrenafterschool.

TheS'CoolBusisbeingmoreandmorepopularinsomecountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.ItscreatorThomas

Tolkampsays,“IhopeIcansellthebikebustomorecountriesinthefuture.Asgreenlifestylebeespopular,ideas

likethisgetpopular,too.Ithinkitwillworkwellinothercountries.9,TheuseofS'CoolBusshowsusthatwecan

savetheEarthinmanywaysaslongaswewanttohaveatry.

10.Accordingtothepassage,theS'CoolBus.

A.cancarrytwelvekidsB.offerskidshelmetsandumbrellas

C.hasnowindowsorroofD.isriddenbythedriverandkidstogether

11.WhydoesPeterenjoyridingtheS'CoolBustoschool?

A.Itsavestimeandmoney.B.Itmakeshimsafeandrelaxed.

C.Itisgreenandfortable.D.Itisinterestingandgoodforhealth.

12.ThomasthinkstheS'CoolBuswillworkwellinothercountriesbecause.

A.morepeopleliketolivegreenlives

B.manypeoplehopetotryoutnewideas

C.itcanhelpkidsformthehabitofexercising

D.itmakespeoplerealizetheimportanceofbeinggreen

13.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.AbikingtriptoschoolB.Acoolwaytoschool

C.Aschoolbusorabike?D.Thebestwaytotransport

Passage4（2021•湖北荆州•中考真题）

Youmayhaveheardthesaying"TheYangtzeRiverisChina'smotherriver."Itisalmost6,400kilometers

long.Astheworld'sthirdlongestriver,itcoversonefifthofChina?slandarea.TheYangtzeRiverEconomic

Zone（长江经济带）coverselevenprovincesandcities,makingupaboutfortypercentofChina'stotalpopulation

andGDP.

OnDecember26,ChinapassedtheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw,whichcameintoforceonMarch1,2021.It

isthefirstlawtoprotectawaterwayinChina.

Themotherriverisingreatneedofprotectionbecausesomethingiswrongwithit.Forexample,becauseof

overfishingandwaterpollution,theriver?sChinesepaddlefishhasdiedoutthere.There9salsodesertifiedlandand

soilpollutionneartheriver.

Accordingtothelaw,fishingwillnotbeallowedinalloftheYangtze?snaturalwaterways,includingitsmajor

tributaries（支流）andlakes.Thosewhoarecaughtfishingwillbefined（罚款）50,000to500,000yuan.

Diggingsandwillbestrictlylimited（限制）intheriver.Manypaniesarediggingsandalongtheriver.However,

thishasledtolowerwaterlevelsontheriver,whichhascausedtheriver'swatertodecline.

paniesandfactoriesalongtheriverwillneedtofocusongreendevelopment.Iftheiractivitiesdoharmtothe

waterways,theywillbemovedaway,thelawsays.

14.WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusabouttheYangtzeRiver?

A.Howolditis.B.Whyifsimportant.

C.Whatproblemsithas.D.Whereitjoinsthesea.

15.WhatdoweknowabouttheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw?

A.ItwaspassedonMarch1,2021.

B.Itcameintoforceabouttenyearsago.

C.Ithasincreasedthepopulationofthearea.

D.It'sthefirstlawtoprotectawaterwayinChina.

16.WhatdoesParagraph3explain?

A.Whytheriverneedsprotection.B.Howtheriverisbeingpolluted.

C.WhenChinesepaddlefishdiedout.D.Howtheriverwillbeprotected.

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decline“inParagraph5mean?

A.Disappear.B.Beeworse.C.Behardtotest.D.Beeasytocontrol.

18.Accordingtothepassage,whichistrueaboutprotectingtheriver?

A.Peoplecan'tfishintheriver?smajortributaries.

B.Diggingsandwillnotbeallowedintheriveranymore.

C.paniesalongtheriverwillbemovedtootherplaces.

D.Anyonewhocausespollutionwillbefinedatleast50,000yuan.

Passage5（2021•湖南湘潭•中考真题）

Azerowastelifeisalifestylethathardlycreatesanyrubbish.

“Zerowaste“wasfirstsuggestedbyaFrenchwomancalledBeaJohnson.Herideais:livealifeandtrynotto

createanyrubbish;usedifferentkindsofwaystosavetheenvironment,suchasstoppingtheuseofoneoffobjects;

givingunwantedthingstoothersordonatingthesethingstoorganizationsliketheRedCross.

Azerowastelifefollowsthe6Rrule-Refuse,Reduce,Reuse,Repair,RecycleandRot.ChenYuan,27,is

deeplyinterestedinthisidea.SheandherboyfriendJoehavelivedinBeijingformanyyears.OverAugustOctober

whenChenfollowedtheruleofzerowaste6R,sheandherboyfriendbothproducedonlytwocansofrubbish.Now

thecouplehaveopenedasmallshopinBeijing,wheretheyusewoodproductstotaketheplaceofplasticonesand

clothbagsprintedwithenvironmentals.ThestorealsohassecondhandbooksandCDstomakethebestoftheused

things.

“Thezerowastelifestyleisnotforascetics（苦行僧）.Itisjustaroundus."Chenexpectssomeofherfriendsto

joinherontheroadtozerowaste.

19.BeaJohnsonsuggeststhatpeopleshould.

A.trytocreatenorubbish

B.throwawayunwantedthings

C.usetheoneoffobjectsallthetime

20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"donating“inparagraph2mean?

A.Givingback.B.Givingout.C.Givingaway.

21.WecanseefromthepassagethatChenYuan.

A.isinterestedinthe6Rrule

B.offersplasticbagsinherstore

C.likeslisteningtoCDsverymuch

22.WhatChenYuansaysinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat.

A.herfriendslikeherlifestyle

B.thezerowastelifestyleisnothardtolive

C.lotsofpeoplehavelivedthezerowastelifestyle

23.Thepassageismostprobablyfrom________.

A.anadB.anewspaperC.astorybook

Passage6（2021•山东荷泽•中考真题）

Thinkaboutwhatyouliketowearontheweekend.There9sagoodchancethatyouliketoputonapairof

bluejeans.Atanymoment,abouthalfoftheworld'spopulationiswearingjeans.Butaccordingtoanewstudy,our

loveforjeansmaybebadforEarth.Denim（牛仔布）mightbeputtingsomeseaanimalsindanger.

Everytimewewashourjeans,tinybitsofdenimwillflowoutofourwashingmachines,downintothe

world'srivers,lakesandoceans.

Youmightwonder:Isn'tdenimmadeofcotton,anaturalmaterial?Howcanitbeeadangertonature?Well,in

theprocessofmakingjeans,denimistreatedwithmanytypesofmanmadechemicals.Someimproveitsdurability

（耐用性）andfeel;othersgivejeanstheirbluecolor.

ScientistsstudiedtheGreatLakesinAmericaandtheArcticOceaninnorthernCanada.Theyfounddenim

wasteinallofthesamples（样本）theyhadcollected.Itisfearedthattheharmfulchemicalsindenimhavespread

farandwide.Scientistsaren'tyetsurehowthesechemicalsmightharmanimals.

Inthestudy,thescientistsalsowashedjeanstoseehowmanybitsofdenimeachpairwoulddropperwash.

Theanswerwasfrightening:About50,000.Notallofthemmaketheirwayintotheenvironment.Wastewater

treatmentplantsholdback83to99percentofthem.Thismaysoundprettygood,However,onepercentof50,000

bitsarestill500perwash.Nowthinkaboutthenumberofjeansaroundtheworldandthetimeseachofthemgets

washed.Asaresult,alargeamountofdenimwastestillgetsintotheenvironment.

Doesthismeanweshouldn'twearjeans?Probablynot"Weneedtobuyfewerjeansandonlywashthemwhen

wetrulyneedtodoit,“saysSamAthey,oneofthescientists.t6Youdon'tneedtowashyourjeansafterhavingworn

themonlyacoupleoftimes.^^

24.Whatinfluencemightdenimhaveonseaanimals?

A.Itmightdoharmtosomeseaanimals.

B.Ithasnoinfluenceonseaanimals.

C.Itisgoodtoalltheseaanimals.

25.Whydopeopleaddmanmadechemicalswhenmakingjeans?

©Tosavethematerialsandmakemoremoney.

②Toimprovedenim'sdurabilityandfeel.

③Tomakejeansblue.

A.①②B.①③C.②③

26.Howmanybitsofdenimmightgetintotheenvironmenteveryyear?

A.Fivehundred.B.Fiftythousand.C.Toomanytocount.

27.WhatshouldwedoaccordingtoSamAthey'swords?

A.Wearenotsupposedtowearjeans.

B.Weneedtowashourjeanseveryday.

C.Weshouldbuyfewerjeansandwashthemfewertimes.

Passage7（2021•四川眉山•中考真题）

Governmentsaroundtheworldarepushingforanendtoplasticstraws（吸管）andbags.Moreandmore

businessesareturningtopaperproductsasachoice.Paperisconsideredbymanytobebetterthanplastic.However,

it,too,isharmfultotheenvironment.

Firstly,paperbagsandstrawsaremadefromtrees.Trees,asyouknow,canreduce（减少）carbondioxide（二

氧化碳）levelsintheatmosphere.Theycanslowdownclimate（气候）change.Anincreaseintheuseofpaperbags

cancausemoreactsofcuttingdowntrees.

Secondly,productsmadefrompaperrequiremoreenergyandwater.About10percentmoreenergyandfour

timesasmuchwaterisusedtoproduceapaperbagthanaplasticone.Youmightsaythatwecanuserecycled

papertosavethatenergyandwater.Thisseemstobeagoodidea.However,ittakesevenmoreenergyandwaterto

gothroughtherecyclingprocessthantomakeabrandnewpaperbag.Productsmadefromrecycledpaperarealso

oftenshortlived.

Thirdly,paperproductsareheavierthanplasticones.Thatmeanstheyrequiremoreoiltotransport.Seven

trucksareneededtotransporttwomillionpaperbags,whileonlyonetruckisneededtotransportthesamenumber

ofplasticbags.Theincreasedweightalsoleadstoalargeamountofwasteoncethebagsarethrownaway.

Paperproductsareactuallyaloseloseforboththeenvironmentandbusinesses.Theyaremoreexpensivethan

plasticproducts.Apaperstrawcostsabout5to12cents,whileaplasticoneusuallycostsonlyabout2cents.

Themostenvironmentfriendlysolutionistoavoidsingleuseproductsaltogether.Productslikeglasswater

bottlesandsteelstrawscanbeusedoverandoveragain.Theyaremuchbetterthaneitherpaperproductsorplastic

products.Throughincreasingtheuseoftheseproducts,youcangreatlyreduceyourthrowawaywasteandtruly

makeourEarthagreenerplace!

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inParagraph2referto?

A.Plasticproducts.B.Trees.C.Paperproducts.D.Businesses.

29.paredwithtransportingtwomillionplasticbags,transportingtwomillionpaperbagsrequires.

A.fewertrucksB.sixmoretrucksC.twiceasmanytrucksD.thesamenumberoftrucks

30.Thewriterparedthepriceofapaperstrawandthatofaplasticstrawtoshowthat.

A.paperproductsarenotagoodchoiceforbusinesses

B.itisdifficultforallbusinessestoturntopaperproducts

C.mostpeoplebelievepaperproductsarebetterthanplasticones

D.paperproductsareasharmfultotheenvironmentasplasticones

31.Bywritingthisarticle,thewritermainlywantedto.

①pareplasticproductswithpaperones

②correctpeople'swrongideasaboutpaperproducts

③suggestpeopleusereusableproductslikesteelstraws

④listtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingpaperproducts

A.①②B.③④C.①④D.②③

Passage8（2021•四川德阳•中考真题）

Ifyourpencilboxisbroken,thebatteries（电池）inyourflashlightsrunout,oryouhavesomeleftoverfood,

howwillyoudealwiththesethings?Youwillprobablythrowthemallintoonerubbishbin.Butactually,weneed

tosort（分类）alltherubbishseparately.Ifyoudon'tsortyourrubbish,allofitwillgotoaspecialplacewhereitis

buried（埋藏）together.Asaresult,itwilltakeupsomefields.Somerubbishwillpollutethegroundwater.Some

rubbishthatcanbereusedwillbewasted.

Inrecentyears,someChinesecitieshavebeenworkinghardonrubbishsorting.

Shanghaihascalledonallthepeoplelivinginthiscitytosorttheirrubbishintofourgroups:wet,recyclable,

harmfulanddry.Wetwasteisknownashouseholdwaste.Theyarethingsyoudon'twantbutpigscaneat.Paper,

metal,glass,plasticandotherthingsthatcanbereusedarerecyclablewaste.Harmfulwasteincludesthinslike

medicine,batteries.Finally,anywastethatisnotwet,recyclableorharmfulwillgotothe“drywaste"bin.

ManyotherChinesecitiesarealsousingthiswaytosorttheirrubbish.Forexample,Deyanghasbeensorting

itsrubbishintothesamefourgroupssinceseveralyearsago.StudentsinDeyanghavealreadyreceived

wastesortingguidebooks.Theyhavestudiedthesebooksandknownhowtosorttherubbish.

Chinaisnowimprovingitswastesortingefforts.Thereisstillalongwaytogo.Butit'snevertoolatetolearn

howtosortyourrubbishrightly.Weshouldtakeanactivepartinit.

32.Howmanybadresultswilltherebeifalltherubbishisburiedtogether?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takeup“inParagraph1mean?

A.处理B.改变C.占用D.从事

34.Whichofthefollowingisharmfulwaste?

A.Metal.B.Paper.C.Medicine.D.Glass.

35.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.StudentsinDeyanghaveknownhowtosorttherubbish.

B.Paperandmetalcanbethrownintoa“drywaste"bin.

C.Thewholeworldisworkinghardonrubbishsorting.

D.Chinahasalreadysucceededinsortingtherubbish.

Passage9（2021•山东泰安•中考真题）

Scientistssaythey'vedevelopedanewsystem（系统）.Itcanuse"machineleaming^^topredictwhenand

wherelightning（闪电）willstrike（闪击）.TheresearchwasledbyengineersfromSwitzerland.

Europeanresearchershaveestimated（估算）between6,000and24,000peoplearekilledbylightning

worldwideeachyear.Thestrikescanalsocausepowercuts,destroyhousesandstartforestfires.Forthesereasons,

someclimatescientistshavestudiedtodevelopmethodstopredictandcontrollightning.Butnosystemhasbeen

createdtoeffectivelypredictlightning.

Thenewsystemisbeingtestedintheexperiments（实验）.Itusedabinationofdata（数据资料）fromweather

stationsandmachinelearningmethods.Theresearchersdevelopedapredictionmodel.Itwastrainedtotellweather

conditionsthatwerepossibletocauselightning.

Themodelwascreatedwithsomedata.Thedatawascollectedovera12yearperiodfrom12Swissweather

stationsincitiesandmountainareas.Thedatarelatedto（与...有关）fourmainsurfaceconditions:airpressure,

airtemperature,relativehumidity（相对湿度）andwindspeed.

Theatmospheric（大气的）datawasputintoamachinelearningalgorithm（计算程序），whichpareditto

recordsoflightningstrikes.Researcherssaythealgorithmwasthenabletolearntheconditionsunderwhich

lightninghappens.

AmirhosseinMostajabiisaPhDstudentwholedthedevelopmentofthenewsystem.Hesaid,"monsystems

forcollectingsuchdataareslowandplex,andtheyrequireexpensivecollectionequipment（设备）likeradaror

satellites（卫星）

“Oursystemusesdatathatcanbegottenfromanyweatherstation,Mostajabisaid."Thiswillimprovedata

collectionintheareaswhicharenotcoveredbyradarandsatellitesorinplaceswheremunicationsystemshave

beencut,“headded.

36.Accordingtothepassage,thestrikescan'tcause.

A.powercutsB.earthquakes

C.forestfiresD.thedeathofpeople

37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"refertoinParagraph5?

A.Thelightningstrike.B.Thesystembeingtested.

C.Themachinelearningalgorithm.D.Theatmosphericdata.

38.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?

A.Whereweatherstationsshouldbebuilt.

B.Howthemachinelearningalgorithmworks.

C.Theadvantagesofthenewsystemindatacollection.

D.Thenewsystemhaseffectivelypredictedlightninginfarawayareas.

39.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewsystemisTRUE?

A.Itspredictionmodelhasbeentestedfor12years.

B.Ithasbeenputintouseincitiesandmountainareaswidely.

C.Thenewsystemrequiresexpensivecollectionequipmenttocollectdata.