UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION 2026年高考英语第一轮总复习

第一部分基础考点讲析必修第三册UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONⅠ.分类记单词

快速掌握1.

阅读单词——认一认(1)astronaut

n.

⁠(2)procedure

n.

⁠(3)cm(centimetre)

abbr.

⁠(4)rocket

n.

⁠(5)gravity

n.

⁠宇航员；太空人程序；步骤；手续厘米火箭；火箭弹重力；引力(6)frontier

n.

⁠(7)vehicle

n.

⁠(8)satellite

n.

⁠人造卫星；卫星边境；国界；边远地区交通工具；车辆(9)orbit

n.

⁠

vt.&

vi.

⁠(10)giant

adj.

⁠n.

⁠(11)mankind

n.

⁠(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围沿轨道运行；环绕……运行巨大的；伟大的巨人；巨兽；伟人人类(12)transmit

vt.&

vi.

⁠(13)data

n.[pl.]

⁠(14)ongoing

adj.

⁠(15)spacecraft

n.

⁠传输；发送资料；数据持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的航天器；宇宙飞船(16)spacewalk

n.

⁠(17)jade

n.

⁠太空行走；太空行走的时间玉；翡翠；玉器(18)module

n.

⁠(19)muscle

n.

⁠舱；组件；模块肌肉；实力；影响力(20)float

vi.

⁠vt.

⁠(21)solar

adj.

⁠(22)sufficient

adj.

⁠(23)soap

n.

⁠(24)towel

n.

⁠(25)microwave

n.

⁠浮动；漂流；漂浮使浮动；使漂流太阳的；太阳能的足够的；充足的肥皂毛巾；抹布微波炉(26)tissue

n.

⁠纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织(27)globe

n.

⁠(28)fatal

adj.

⁠(29)shallow

adj.

⁠(30)pattern

n.

⁠(31)high-end

adj.

⁠(32)foam

n.

⁠(33)pillow

n.

⁠(34)smartphone

n.

⁠(35)oxygen

n.

⁠地球；世界；地球仪致命的；灾难性的肤浅的；浅的模式；图案；模范高端的泡沫橡胶；泡沫枕头智能手机氧；氧气2.

核心单词——写一写(1)

vt.&

n.发射；发起；上市(2)

n.跳跃；剧增；剧变vi.&

vt.跳过；跃过(3)

n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望(4)

vt.&

vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志(5)

vt.回收利用；再利用(6)

n.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏(7)

adv.否则；要不然(8)

prep.在更远处；超出launch

leap

desire

signal

recycle

lack

otherwise

beyond

(9)

adj.当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮(10)

n.设施；设备(11)

adj.热衷的；渴望的(12)

n.监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控(13)

n.资源；财力；物力(14)

adj.结尾的；结束的n.停业；关闭；倒闭(15)

vt.系；绑；贴current

facility

keen

monitor

resource

closing

attach

(16)

adj.有决心的；意志坚定的

→

vt.查明；确定；决定(17)

n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处

→

n.代理人(18)

adj.失望的；沮丧的

→

vt.(使)失望→

n.失望determined

determine

agency

agent

disappointed

disappoint

disappointment

(19)

adj.独立的；自立的

→

adv.独立地；自立地

→

n.独立；自主→

vi.依靠(20)

vt.&

vi.论证；争辩；争论→

n.争

论；争吵；论点independent

independently

independence

depend

argue

argument

(21)

n.(对事物的)分析；分析结果

→

v.分析(22)

adj.定期的；经常的；正常的

→

adv.经常；定期地；有规律地(23)

adj.有限的→

⁠adj.无限的→

vt.&

n.限制(24)

n.神秘事物；谜→

adj.神秘的analysis

analyse

regular

regularly

limited

limitless

limit

mystery

mysterious

Ⅱ.填空习短语

高效识记1.

继续做，坚持干2.

在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3.

抱着……的希望4.

为了；以便5.

弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6.

result

in

⁠7.

provide

for

sb.

⁠8.

in

closing

⁠9.

run

out

⁠carry

on

on

board

in

the

hope

of

doing

sth.

so

as

to

(do

sth.)

figure

out

导致；造成提供生活所需最后用完；耗尽Ⅲ.精彩写句式

典句背诵1.

And

the

International

Space

Station(1998)

has

provided

a

continuous

human

presence

in

space，

⁠

(许多来自不同国家的宇航

员都在上面).(

with复合结构)2.

However，

while

such

disasters

brought

much

sadness

and

disappointment，

the

desire

to

explore

the

universe

did

not

die.(while引导让步状语从句)with

astronauts

from

many

different

countries

on

board

3.

Seeing

pictures

of

our

planet

as

an

island

in

a

black

sea

made

people

realise

that

our

planet’s

resources

are

limited.(比喻的修

辞手法)

desire

n.渴望；欲望

vt.渴望；期望[教材原句]

These

disasters

made

everyone

sad

and

disappointed，but

the

desire

to

explore

the

universe

never

died.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望从

未消失。①[2020·天津卷]Greatness

comes

from

a

lasting

desire

to

explore.伟大来自对探索的持久渴望。②Our

students

come

from

different

backgrounds

but

have

the

same

desire

to

learn

online.我们的学生来自不同的教育背景，但都有相同的在线学习的

欲望。③Everyone

living

in

a

world

free

of

worries

and

pains.每个人都向往生活在一个无忧无虑的世界里。[名师点津]

(1)desire不用于进行时态。(2)desire用作名词

时，其后的同位语从句或表语从句要用虚拟语气。④He

desires

that

we

(go)

there

with

him

tomorrow.他希望明天我们和他一起去那儿。desires

for

(should)

go

lack

n.缺乏；短缺

vt.没有；缺乏[教材原句]

Astronauts’

bones

and

muscles

can

get

very

weak

in

space

due

to

the

lack

of

gravity.由于失重，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常虚弱。(1)for/through

lack

of…因缺乏……a

lack

of…缺乏……(2)lacking

adj.不足的；缺乏的be

lacking

in…缺少……(3)lack

(for)

sth.缺乏lack

for

nothing什么也不缺[名师点津]

当lack作不及物动词时与for搭配，作名词时与of

搭配，形容词lacking与in搭配。①Apart

from

it，

communication

between

parents

and

children

is

also

a

key

factor

contributing

to

the

difference.另外，父母与孩子之间缺乏交流也是导致这种差别的一个关

键因素。②[2020·天津卷]Lack

of

talent

and

time

is

no

reason

for

taking

no

action.缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。a

lack

of

③Because

she

was

lacking

in

training，she

was

afraid

of

making

an

exhibition

of

herself.因缺乏训练，她担心自己会出洋相。④I’ll

see

that

you

lack

for

nothing

while

you

attend

college.你上大学时我会保证你的一切需要的。

argue

vi.&

vt.论证；争辩；争论[教材原句]

Some

people

argue

that

we

should

stop

wasting

time

and

money

exploring

space.有些人认为我们应该停止在探索太空上浪费时间和金钱。(1)argue

for据理赞成argue

against据理反对argue

with

sb.

about/over

sth.因某事与某人争辩argue

sb.

into/out

of

doing

sth.说服某人做/不做某事(2)argument

n.争论；争辩；论点beyond

argument无可争辩①The

man

often

his

wife

⁠

her

online

shopping.这个人经常因为妻子在网上购物而和妻子争吵。②Joyce

argued

me

into

buying

a

new

jacket.乔伊斯说服了我买一件新夹克衫。argues

with

over/about

③But

he

argued

that

this

did

not

prove

parental

involvement

was

the

root

cause

of

that

success.但他认为，这并不能证明家长的参与是那种成功的根本缘

由。[联想发散]

表示“说服某人做某事”的其他表达①persuade

sb.

to

do

sth.；②persuade

sb.

into/out

of

doing

sth.；③

convince

sb.

to

do

sth.；④talk

sb.

into/out

of

doing

sth.

attach

vt.系；绑；贴[教材原句]

While

sleeping，they

must

attach

themselves

to

something

so

as

to

prevent

floating

around.睡觉时，他们必须把自己绑在什么东西上，以防四处漂浮。(1)attach…to…把……固定/附在……上attach

great

importance/significance

to

sth.认为某事非常重要/

很有意义(2)attached

adj.依恋；附属于be

attached

to附属于；依恋；喜欢①I

every

tree

and

bush

in

my

hometown.我依恋故乡的一草一木。am

attached

to

②The

little

boy

attached

the

goat

to

a

tree

and

went

off.这个小男孩把羊拴在一棵树上，走开了。③[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]While

I

tend

to

buy

a

lot

of

books，these

three

were

given

to

me

as

gifts，which

might

add

to

the

meaning

I

attach

to

them.虽然我经常会买很多书，但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的，

这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。

disappointed

adj.失望的；沮丧的(1)be

disappointed

about/at/by/with…对……感到失望be

disappointed

to

do

sth.做某事失望be

disappointed

that…对……感到失望(2)disappointing

adj.令人失望的(3)disappoint

vt.使失望(4)to

one’s

disappointment令某人失望的是①I

left

the

theatre，

(disappoint).②To

my

，the

film

was

.(disappoint)disappointed

disappointment

disappointing

signal

vt.&

vi.标志着；标明；发信号

n.信号；标志signal

at/to

sb.向某人发信号signal

sb.

to

do

sth.示意某人做某事signal

that示意……①The

guard

seems

to

be

signalling

us

with

his

arm.②The

policeman

signalled

the

driver

(cross)

the

road.to

to

cross

as

a

result所以；结果(是)[教材原句]

As

a

result，space-based

science

has

helped

farming

in

its

efforts

to

grow

enough

food

to

feed

Earth’s

increasing

population.因此，基于太空的科学帮助农业努力种植足够粮食来养活地

球上不断增长的人口。result

in导致；造成result

from…因……而产生；由……导致as

a

result

of…由于……without

result毫无结果；徒劳地①The

traffic

was

very

heavy

and

I

arrived

late.交通非常拥挤，结果我迟到了。as

a

result

②The

workers

left

the

poor

condition.由于条件太差，所以工人们离开了。③The

accident

the

death

of

two

passengers.事故导致两名乘客死亡。④The

terrible

accident

his

carelessness.这次可怕的事故是由于他的粗心造成的。as

a

result

of

resulted

in

resulted

from

run

out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)run

out

of用完，耗尽(人作主语，有被动语态)run

into碰到(困境、麻烦等)；遇上；撞上run

across偶然遇见(或看到)run

after追求；追赶；追逐[名师点津]

run

out

of是及物动词短语，以人作主语，同use

up；run

out是不及物动词短语，以物作主语，同give

out；

give

out是不及物动词短语，表物“用完”或人“筋疲力

尽”。①Unluckily，food

and

drinking

water

(run)

out

of

before

they

reached

the

destination.②He

ran

her，calling

her

name.had

been

run

after

Countries

around

the

globe

are

spending

billions

of

dollars

and

lots

of

time

on

various

space

missions，whether

to

Mars

or

other

planets

much

further

away.全球各国正在花费数十

亿美元和大量的时间进行各种太空任务，无论是前往火星还

是更远的其他行星。[句式点拨]句中的whether…or…引导让步状语从句，意思

是“无论……还是……”。whether…or…意为“……还是……”引导名词性从句whether…or…意为“无论……还是……”引导让步状语从

句①She

made

the

mistake

whether

by

accident

by

design.不知她是偶然还是故意犯错误的。or

②I

don’t

know

whether

(accept)

the

offer

or

(refuse)

it.我不知道是接受还是拒绝这个建议。③Whether

you

can

see

the

moon

not，it

is

always

round.不论你是否能看得见，月亮总是圆的。to

accept

refuse

or

These

disasters

made

everyone

sad

and

disappointed，but

the

desire

to

explore

the

universe

never

died.这些灾难让每个

人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。[句式点拨]句中的made

everyone

sad

and

disappointed是

“make＋宾语＋形容词作宾语补足语”结构。“make

＋宾语＋宾语补足语”常见结构如下：①make＋宾语＋形容词②make＋宾语＋do③make＋宾语＋done[名师点津]

在“make＋宾语＋do”结构中，动词不定式不

带to，但在被动结构中需还原to。①She

let

me

understand

that

making

others

feel

good

made

me

(feel)

good

too.feel

②She

tried

her

best

to

make

herself

(hear)

clearly

while

delivering

the

speech.③He

failed

in

the

final

exam，which

made

his

parents

very

(disappoint).heard

disappointed

Ⅰ.语境填词A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。1.

After

five

days

of

fantastic

space

trip，the

two

(宇航员)

walked

out

of

the

spaceship，tired

but

happy.2.

As

he

grew

older，he

became

more

(有智慧

的).astronauts

intelligent

3.

The

relief

(专门机构)distributed

food

among

the

poor.4.

Offered

the

position

of

Chairman，Mr.

Smith

declined，

preferring

to

keep

his

(当前的)

job.5.

The

beauty

of

the

park

is

(超出)expression.agency

current

beyond

B)在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正

确形式。6.

[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]What

is

a

common

misunderstanding

of

emotional

(intelligent)？7.

[2020·全国Ⅱ卷]When

you

were

trying

to

figure

what

to

buy

for

the

environmentalist

on

your

holiday

list，fur

probably

didn’t

cross

your

mind.8.

[2021·全国乙卷]Just

9％

of

global

plastic

waste

is

(recycle).intelligence

out

recycled

9.

He

was

very

(disappoint)

at

the

news

that

his

parents

couldn’t

see

him

off

at

the

airport.10.

[2024·全国甲卷]It

was

my

junior

year

of

undergraduate，

and

I

was

doing

an

(independence)

study

on

Victorian

literature.disappointed

independent

Ⅱ.选词填空figure

out；run

out；carry

on；result

in；provide

for；on

board；so

as

to(do

sth.)；as

a

result1.

Once

these

latest

rations

，

the

country

will

again

face

hunger

and

starvation.2.

Can

the

human

race

expanding

and

growing

the

same

way

that

it

is

now？3.

He

made

one